Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 7 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: I Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6403-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6403-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:4:id:6403-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana VOTRUBOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michal DOHNAL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš VOGEL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav TESAŘ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Hydrodynamics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic Title: On parameterization of heat conduction in coupled soil water and heat flow modelling Abstract: Soil water and heat transport plays an important role in various hydrologic, agricultural, and industrial applications. Accordingly, an increasing attention is paid to relevant simulation models. In the present study, soil thermal conditions at a mountain meadow during the vegetation season were simulated. A dual-continuum model of coupled water and heat transport was employed to account for preferential flow effects. Data collected at an experimental site in the Šumava Mountains, southern Bohemia, during the vegetation season 2009 were employed. Soil hydraulic properties (retention curve and hydraulic conductivity) determined by independent soil tests were used. Unavailable hydraulic parameters were adjusted to obtain satisfactory hydraulic model performance. Soil thermal properties were estimated based on values found in literature without further optimization. Three different approaches were used to approximate the soil thermal conductivity function, λ(θ): (i) relationships provided by Chung and Horton (ii) linear estimates as described by Loukili, Woodbury and Snelgrove, (iii) methodology proposed by Côté and Konrad. The simulated thermal conditions were compared to those observed. The impact of different soil thermal conductivity approximations on the heat transport simulation results was analysed. The differences between the simulation results in terms of the soil temperature were small. Regarding the surface soil heat flux, these differences became substantial. More realistic simulations were obtained using λ(θ) estimates based on the soil texture and composition. The differences between these two, related to neglecting vs. considering λ(θ) non-linearity, were found negligible. Keywords: advective heat flux, dual-permeability model, preferential flow, soil heat transport, soil thermal conductivity, surface energy balance Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 125-137 Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/21/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201204-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:4:id:21-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vít PENÍŽEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tereza ZÁDOROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Soil toposequence under man-planted vegetation in the Krkonoše Mts., Czech Republic Abstract: Mountainous areas represent regions with specific soil cover pattern that is naturally given by an altitudinal gradient. The objective of our study was to describe the soil cover development on the altitudinal gradient under changed environment given by man-planted vegetation and acidification. The studied area is characterized by spruce monoculture planting that replaced the original broadleaf natural vegetation and high load of anthropic acidification. The common hypothesis considering the sequence of Dystric Cambisol-Entic Podzol-Haplic Podzol with increasing altitude was not proved. The results of our study indicate that the influence of spruce vegetation causes the occurrence of Haplic Podzols at low altitudes where the natural soil formation does not induce their development. Results showed that the vegetation type can overrule other altitude-related soil-forming factors. The conversion of natural broadleaf and mixed forests to spruce monocultures leads to the expansion of podzolization process to lower altitudes. Keywords: altitude, Krkonoše Mts., podzolization, toposequence, vegetation Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 138-150 Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/11/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201204-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:4:id:11-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher ASH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Author-Name: Oldřich VACEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej JAKŠÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Author-Name: Václav TEJNECKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Author-Name: Ondřej DRÁBEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Title: Elevated soil copper content in a Bohemian vineyard as a result of fungicide application Abstract: A set of fifty samples were taken from soil surface layers of an anonymous vineyard in the Bohemia region of the Czech Republic. Samples were analysed for basic soil parameters including pH and humus content and quality and for potentially toxic elements Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Mn. When compared to soil guideline values, mean Cu exceeded the limit by 280%. Although other elements did not exceed the guideline value, Zn and Cd surpassed background concentrations by 108 and 187%, respectively. Mn did not occur in concentrations that are considered excessive with respect to common natural soil levels. A statistically significant correlation was observed for Cu and Cox, but no significant correlation could be made between Cu and humus quality, suggesting that in this case, Cu retention in surface soil is more dependent on quantity of humic substances rather than humus quality. The unnaturally high accumulation of Cu in the surface horizon is certainly of anthropogenic origin; most likely due to long term application of copper-based fungicides. High observed values of Cd are probably a result of the soils parent material and application of fertilizers which may have contained cadmium compounds. Distribution maps illustrated a common trend of potentially toxic element accumulation in the western section of the study area plot. However, many variables which were unmeasured in this study could account for the distribution and therefore more detailed study is required before conclusions can be made regarding this occurrence. An analysis of wine produced at the vineyard showed that although the end product beverage contained insignificant amounts of Cu in both red and white wines, the white wine contained 0.026 mg/l of Cd; a value which could contribute considerably to exceeding the dietary allowable intake of cadmium. The investigation should be extended to analyse a wider range of wines produced from the vineyard with a focus on soil-plant-fruit-wine transfer of cadmium and/or production processes. Keywords: Bordeaux mixture, copper toxicity, fungicide, potentially toxic elements, vineyard soil Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 151-158 Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/41/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201204-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:4:id:41-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahdi BOROGHANI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Author-Name: Feryal HAYAVI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Geo Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Author-Name: Hamzeh NOOR Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Title: Affectability of splash erosion by polyacrylamide application and rainfall intensity Abstract: Splash erosion is recognized as the first stage in a soil erosion process and results from the soil surface bombing by rain drops. At the moment when rain drops conflict with the soil surface, soil particles move and destruct the soil structure. Soil particles dispersed by rain drops and moved by runoff are two basic soil erosion processes. In this study, the effect of applying various amounts of polyacrylamide (PAM) (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/m2) on the quantity of splash erosion at three rainfall intensities of 65, 95 and 120 mm/h by using of FEL3 rainfall simulator was investigated in marly soil in a laboratory. Results indicated differences in the effects of various treatments with PAM at all rainfall intensities, such as 0.6 g/m2 PAM had the maximum effect on the splash erosion control by reducing soil erosion by about 28.93%. But statistical results showed that the use of various amounts of PAM (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/m2) for controlling splash erosion at various rain intensities to decrease splash erosion did not reveal a statistically significant difference. Therefore, the application of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/m2 PAM reduced the splash erosion, however, there was no statistical difference among these application rates of PAM. Finally, the results of statistical analysis of different intensities showed that only at 120 mm/h there was a significant difference between PAM treatment and control treatment (0 g/m2 PAM) in the splash erosion control. At this intensity, the treatment with 0.4 g/m2 PAM produced a maximum effect on the splash erosion control with 40% in comparison with the control treatment. Keywords: marl formation, polyacrylamide, FEL3 rainfall simulator, splash erosion Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 159-165 Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/45/2011-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2011-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201204-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:4:id:45-2011-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esmaeili Hoseen GHOLZOM Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh Branch, Savadkooh, Iran Author-Name: Vahid GHOLAMI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran Title: A comparison between natural forests and reforested lands in terms of runoff generation potential and hydrologic response (case study: Kasilian Watershed) Abstract: Afforested lands are different from natural forests in terms of hydrologic conditions, runoff generation potential, and sediment generation rate. These differences emerge due to changes in soil structure and vegetation density, litter amount, trees heights, and so on. In this study, a comparison has been made between natural forests and afforested lands in Kasilian - a watershed located in Mazandaran province, Northern Iran. To achieve this purpose, harmonious units have been defined by overlay analysis of these layers in GIS environment: slope, aspect, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and soil. Then, the location of couple plots was defined by field studies in the harmonious units. The plot locations were selected in a way that runoff generation was a function of tree species and tree conditions, assuming that rainfall intensity is equal in all areas. Initial loss and runoff volume were measured in even plots after rainfall. Then, the initial loss parameter in a rainfall-runoff model was applied to compare runoff volume and peak discharge in the afforested lands and natural forests. The rainfall-runoff model was presented using GIS and HEC-HMS model. The results showed that reforested lands have lower infiltration, lower initial loss, and higher runoff due to lower density, canopy, litter, and soil compaction. Furthermore, the runoff generation potential of reforested lands is several times higher than that of natural forests. Keywords: couple plot, HEC-HMS, Kasilian watershed, natural forest, reforested lands, runoff Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 166-173 Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/18/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201204-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:7:y:2012:i:4:id:18-2012-SWR