Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonín NIKODEM Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka PAVLŮ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radka KODEŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš BORŮVKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Onřej DRÁBEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Study of podzolization process under different vegetation cover in the Jizerské hory Mts. region. Abstract: The development of Podzols is conditioned by many factors. One of them is vegetation cover. The aim of this study was to examine in detail special chemical properties, micromorphological features and water retention ability of Podzols under two different vegetation covers (spruce forest and grass). The study was performed in the Jizerské hory Mts., which were strongly influenced by atmospheric acidificant depositions in the past. The study was focused on the assessment of a 30-year grass amelioration impact on soils on the former forest land. It was shown that larger differences in the studied chemical properties (pHKCl, pHH2O, eCEC, content of Ca, Mg, AlKCl, AlH2O, Al(X)1+, Al(Y)2+ and Al3+ species) were in the surface organic horizons and decreased with depth. Podzolization intensity was higher under the spruce forest than under the grass cover. Higher amounts of potentially dangerous Al forms were detected in the soils under the spruce forest than under the grass. Grass expansion on clear-cut areas (former forest) as a natural amelioration step results in the particular restoration of soil conditions. The micromorphological features studied on the soil thin sections using the optical microscope and soil water retention curves measured on the undisturbed 100 cm3 soil samples showed a significant influence of the organic matter presence on the soil structure and retention ability of H and Bhs horizons. Soil under the grass cover had denser structure (e.g. greater fraction of small capillary pores) and higher retention ability than soil under the spruce forest. Very similar retention curves were measured in the Ep and Bs horizons under both vegetation covers. Micromorphological features studied on the thin soil sections clearly documented a podzolization mechanism (e.g. organic material transport and its accumulation, weathering process and Fe oxidation and mobilization). Keywords: grass, micromorphological features, podzolization process, soil water retention, spruce forest Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 1-12 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/56/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/56/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201301-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:1:id:56-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juraj BALKOVIČ Author-Workplace-Name: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Zuzana RAMPAŠEKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Vladimír HUTÁR Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jaroslava SOBOCKÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Rastislav SKALSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Digital soil mapping from conventional field soil observations Abstract: We tested the performance of a formalized digital soil mapping (DSM) approach comprising fuzzy k-means (FKM) classification and regression-kriging to produce soil type maps from a fine-scale soil observation network in Rišňovce, Slovakia. We examine whether the soil profile descriptions collected merely by field methods fit into the statistical DSM tools and if they provide pedologically meaningful results for an erosion-affected area. Soil texture, colour, carbonates, stoniness and genetic qualifiers were estimated for a total of 111 soil profiles using conventional field methods. The data were digitized along semi-quantitative scales in 10-cm depth intervals to express the relative differences, and afterwards classified by the FKM method into four classes A-D: (i) Luvic Phaeozems (Anthric), (ii) Haplic Phaeozems (Anthric, Calcaric, Pachic), (iii) Calcic Cutanic Luvisols, and (iv) Haplic Regosols (Calcaric). To parameterize regression-kriging, membership values (MVs) to the above A-D class centroids were regressed against PCA-transformed terrain variables using the multiple linear regression method (MLR). MLR yielded significant relationships with R2 ranging from 23% to 47% (P < 0.001) for classes A, B and D, but only marginally significant for Luvisols of class C (R2 = 14%, P < 0.05). Given the results, Luvisols were then mapped by ordinary kriging and the rest by regression-kriging. A "leave-one-out" cross-validation was calculated for the output maps yielding R2 of 33%, 56%, 22% and 42% for Luvic Phaeozems, Haplic Phaeozems, Luvisols and also Regosols, respectively (all P < 0.001). Additionally, the pixel-mixture visualization technique was used to draw a synthetic digital soil map. We conclude that the DSM model represents a fully formalized alternative to classical soil mapping at very fine scales, even when soil profile descriptions were collected merely by field estimation methods. Additionally to conventional soil maps it allows to address the diffuse character in soil cover, both in taxonomic and geographical interpretations. Keywords: field soil description, fuzzy k-means, pedometrics, regression-kriging, terrain Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 13-25 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/43/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201301-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:1:id:43-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darina Vaššová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of rainfall-runoff models for design discharge assessment in a small ungauged catchment Abstract: Design discharges in a small experimental catchment in Žarošice (Czech Republic) were evaluated using various methods for peak discharge assessment applying 24-h storm rainfalls reduced to short duration. Rainfall-runoff models HEC-HMS based on standard Natural Resources Conservation Service hydrologic methods and KINFIL, which combines the Morel-Seytoux infiltration and kinematic wave direct runoff transformation, were used to compute runoff hydrographs. The approach of technical standard and Froehlich's method determined the peak discharges only. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of these methods to predict design peak discharge in comparison with the data obtained from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), which is the authority for providing hydrological data in the Czech Republic. The results demonstrate that the peak discharges computed by Froehlich's method are mostly closest to the data provided by CHMI. For the 100-year flood, HEC-HMS based on the Curve Number method showed the best agreement. Keywords: Curve Number, design rainfall, peak discharge Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 26-33 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/36/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201301-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:1:id:36-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Markéta MIHÁLIKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Svatopluk MATULA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: František DOLEŽAL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: HYPRESCZ - database of soil hydrophysical properties in the Czech Republic Abstract: The database of soil hydrophysical properties in the Czech Republic called HYPRESCZ was created. It is based on the European database HYPRES, HYdraulic PRoperties of European Soils, and follows its structure with few modifications. It collects the available data from the Czech Republic from which pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the estimation of soil hydrophysical properties from easily available soil properties can be derived and 2101 database entries were collected. The entries have different quality of data, out of the total number of entries 707 entries were applicable to PTFs derivation for the estimation of soil water retention curves (SWRCs). After elimination of replicates, finally 159 unique soil horizons (arable land only) were used for PTFs derivation. The parametric continuous pedotransfer functions for estimation of SWRCs in the Czech Republic were derived within this study and are based on Wösten's model. The retention curves were estimated using both these newly derived PTFs and Wösten's original model, which was derived for European soils in general. The uncertainty of estimation was evaluated, employing the root mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) comparing the PTF-estimated and the directly fitted retention curves. The reliability of the newly derived PTFs for Czech soils was higher (RMSE = 0.059 cm3/cm3 and R2 = 71%) compared to Wösten's general PTFs (RMSE = 0.11 cm3/cm3 and R2 = 36%). Keywords: HYPRES, pedotransfer functions, soil water retention curve Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 34-41 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/58/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/58/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201301-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:1:id:58-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Somayeh FAZLI Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Author-Name: Hamzeh NOOR Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Title: Storm-wise sediment yield prediction using hillslope erosion model in semi-arid abundant lands Abstract: Evaluation of soil erosion by existing models is needed as an important tool for managerial purposes in designation of proper water and soil conservation techniques. The present study aimed to assess the applicability of hillslope erosion model (HEM) as one of the newest erosion models for prediction of storm-wise sediment yield in Khosbijan rangeland with 20% slope steepness by using soil erosion standard plots. In order to run the model, runoff depth, land surface cover, soil texture, slope steepness and length were determined for 16 storm events. The results showed that the uncalibrated HEM did not simulate the observed sediment yields properly. Calibration of soil erodibility parameter and developing regression between observed and estimated data indicated that the model was capable of predicting sediment yield in plots by applying soil erodibility parameter of 0.15 with determination coefficient of 0.64 and estimate error of 40%. Keywords: abundant lands, erosion model, hillslope erosion model (HEM), Iran, Khosbijan Research Centre Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 42-48 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/27/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201301-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:1:id:27-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: LIST OF REVIEWRS - 2012 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: X1 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6565-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6565-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:1:id:6565-SWR