Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 8 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: I Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/7043-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7043-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:7043-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radka KODEŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Deptartment of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Miroslava VLASÁKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Deptartment of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Miroslav FÉR Author-Workplace-Name: Deptartment of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Daniela TEPLÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Deptartment of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Ondřej JAKŠÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Deptartment of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Pavel NEUBERGER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radomír ADAMOVSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Thermal properties of representative soils of the Czech Republic Abstract: Knowledge of soil thermal properties is essential when assessing heat transport in soils. Thermal regime of soils is associated with many other soil processes (water evaporation and diffusion, plant transpiration, contaminants behaviour etc.). Knowledge of thermal properties is needed when assessing effectivity of energy gathering from soil profiles using horizontal ground heat exchangers, which is a topic of our research project. The study is focused on measuring of thermal properties (thermal conductivity and heat capacity) of representative soils of the Czech Republic. Measurements were performed on soil samples taken from the surface horizons of 13 representative soil types and from 4 soil substrates, and on mulch (bark chips) sample using KD2 PRO device with TR-1 and SH-1 sensors. The measured relationships between the thermal conductivity and volumetric soil-water content were described by the non-linear equations and those between the volumetric heat capacity and volumetric soil-water content were expressed using the linear equations. The highest thermal conductivities were measured in soils on quartz sand substrates. The lowest thermal conductivities were measured in the Stagnic Chernozem Siltic on marlite and the Dystric Cambisol on orthogneiss. The opposite trend was observed for maximal heat capacities, i.e. the highest values were measured in the Stagnic Chernozem Siltic and the lowest in sand and soils on sand and sandy gravel substrate. Keywords: heat capacity, laboratory measurements, sensor comparison, soil thermal properties, soil-water content, soil types, thermal conductivity Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 141-150 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/33/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201304-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:33-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Šárka DLOUHÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geophysics AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eduard PETROVSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geophysics AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Aleš KAPIČKA Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geophysics AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš BORŮVKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Christopher ASH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej DRÁBEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Investigation of polluted alluvial soils by magnetic susceptibility methods: a case study of the Litavka River Abstract: Serious pollution of alluvial soils by a wide range of potentially toxic elements is usually observed in the valleys with mining and metallurgical industry. To outline areas of increased risk elements inputs, measurements of soil magnetic susceptibility can be used. This method is based on the measurement of the concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals of anthropogenic origin, mainly iron oxides, which are closely associated with risk elements such as heavy metals. The aim of this study is to examine the link between magnetic susceptibility of poorly drained Litavka River alluvial soils located in the mining/smelting region of Příbram (Czech Republic) and the observed high concentration of risk elements in soils. Surface volume magnetic susceptibility and the vertical distribution of magnetic susceptibility in soil profiles were measured in situ. On the basis of field measurements, selected parts of soil cores were sampled for a detailed magnetic and chemical analysis. Our results demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between magnetic susceptibility and soil concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn. The magnetically enhanced soil layer, relatively low frequency-dependent susceptibility, presence of Verwey transition, and scanning electron microscope observations suggested a prevalence of coarse magnetite/maghemite, likely of anthropogenic origin. However, the magnetic properties in-situ also reflected the natural soil conditions and soil processes. The high content of organic matter, varying reductive/oxidative condition, and vertical migration of magnetic phases were the main factors influencing the observed magnetic susceptibility values. Keywords: environmental magnetism, Fluvisols, magnetite/maghemite, risk elements Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 151-157 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/14/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201304-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:14-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vahid GHOLAMI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran Author-Name: Mohamad Reza KHALEGHI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Range and Watershed Management, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e-Jam Branch, Iran Title: The impact of vegetation on the bank erosion (Case study: The Haraz River) Abstract: Vegetation establishment is a suitable biological method of erosion control. Bank erosion is one form of water erosion and its adverse effects include an increase in turbidity, degradation of riverbank lands, difficulties caused by sediments depositing in the downstream. The rate of riverbank erosion can be decreased by application of biological methods in sensitive reaches identified. In this study, a 3250 m section of the Haraz River was studied to evaluate the effects of vegetation establishment on shear stress, water velocity and finally on the bank erosion. In this research, Geographical Information System (HEC-GeoRAS extension), HEC-RAS software, and topographic maps of riverbed at the scale of 1:500 were used to simulate hydraulic behaviour of the Haraz River. In order to evaluate the effect of vegetation cover on the bank erosion, roughness coefficient of Manning was determined with the Cowan method for two seasons (winter and summer) separately, due to changes in vegetation in the considered sections during different seasons of the year. The results showed that vegetation establishment on riverbanks caused changes in water velocity, water depth, power of shear stress and this all should finally be reflected in the rate of bank erosion. Keywords: GIS, hydraulic behaviour, HEC-RAS, roughness coefficient Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 158-164 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/13/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201304-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:13-2012-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sven GRASHEY-JANSEN Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geography (Physical Geography & Quantitative Methods), University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany Title: Grid-based simulation of a lateral move irrigation system Abstract: A central objective in irrigation science is the improvement of the water use efficiency (WUE). Mostly the focus is laid on improvements and innovations in irrigation technology. The characteristics of soils are often considered to be of secondary importance or totally disregarded. This paper reports on the simulation of a sensor network based irrigation system. The simulation was designed for a lateral move irrigation system with a notional irrigated area of 100 × 200 m. A grid-based network with soil specific calibrated and wireless moisture sensors (SMSN) captures the actual soil water content and calculates the corresponding water tensions simultaneously. The simulation in this paper is presented with two different modes of irrigation: the undifferentiated and evenly distributed irrigation (UDI-mode) and the differentiated precision irrigation (DPI-mode) which is adapted to the soil properties. The UDI-mode has been the most frequently applied practice so far and connected with an uncontrolled application of irrigation water. A supply under or over the real water demand of the plants is the consequence. In the DPI-mode the amount of given water is controlled by the soil water tensions (SWTs) calculated by pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Keywords: irrigation technology, pedotransfer functions, precision irrigation, soil moisture sensors, soil water tensions, water use efficiency Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 165-171 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/5/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201304-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:5-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamzeh NOOR Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Noor Branch, Islamic Azad University, Noor, Iran Author-Name: Somayeh FAZLI Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Author-Name: Seyed Maryam ALIBAKHSHI Author-Workplace-Name: Watershed Management, Tehran, Iran Title: Evaluation of the relationships between runoff-rainfall-sediment related nutrient loss (A case study: Kojour Watershed, Iran) Abstract: Suspended sediment (SS) resulted from distributed soil erosions facilitates soil organic matter and phosphorus (P) transportation and influences soil depletion and water quality. Organic matter (OM) in soil is the most important indicator of soil quality and productivity. P is one of the major nutrients controlling eutrophication of surface water. Irregular contaminant load pulsed by heavy rainfall may damage the ecological quality of downstream waters. Evaluation of OM and P, depleted by erosion processes in watershed scale, is necessary for better understanding the watershed system and should lead to appropriate management approaches. On the other hand, different behaviours of soil erosion as well as the necessity of regional studies have been proved. The present study was conducted in the Kojour watershed, Iran in order to (1) get some ideas about the storm-wise OM and P load in river, (2) evaluate the relationship between the peak of OM and P concentration and discharge during individual rainfall events, and (3) assess the applicability of rainfall and runoff variables of ten storm events in the prediction of storm-wise OM and P loss. The results showed that most of the OM and P peaks preceded the peak discharge, following a clockwise hysteretic loop that exhibited hysteresis with a greater OM and P concentration for a given discharge occurring on the rising limb rather than on the falling limb. The results also showed that regression models had good efficiency in estimation of storm-wise OM and P loss with coefficient of determination of 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. Keywords: clockwise hysteretic loop, organic matter phosphorus loss, regression models, suspended sediment Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 172-177 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/10/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201304-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:10-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shinichiro UENO Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Author-Name: Kenichiro SUGITANI Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Title: Systematic geochemical study of the soils, litter, and bedrock of a Permian limestone mountain, Central Japan Abstract: The paper deals with the results of a systematic geochemical study of soils at Mt Kinshozan in Central Japan, a limestone area known for its well-preserved Permian fossils. Compared with the typical composition of the Japanese upper continental crust, here the soils were found depleted in Si, Ca, Na, Mg, and K and rich in Ti, Al, and Fe. They were enriched with some heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Zn) detected also in the acetic-acid residue of the limestone collected from Mt. Kinshozan. Therefore, the residual materials produced through chemical weathering of the limestone bedrock may have significantly contributed to the soils formation. Concentrations of Ctotal were nearly identical to Corg and the relationship between Ctotal and Element/TiO2 suggested a significant contribution of the litter to Si, Mg, Ca, and P in the soils. Keywords: chemical composition, enrichment factor, nutrient, plant Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 178-185 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/2/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201304-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:2-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin HEŘMANOVSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel PECH Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Selection of catchment descriptors for the physical similarity approach. Part II: Application Abstract: This paper demonstrates an application of the previously published method for selection of optimal catchment descriptors, according to which similar catchments can be identified for the purpose of estimation of the Sacramento - Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model parameters for a set of tested catchments, based on the physical similarity approach. For the purpose of the analysis, the following data from the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) project were taken: a priori model parameter sets used as reference values for comparison with the newly estimated parameters, and catchment descriptors of four categories (climatic descriptors, soil properties, land cover and catchment morphology). The inverse clustering method, with Andrews' curves for a homogeneity check, was used for the catchment grouping process. The optimal catchment descriptors were selected on the basis of two criteria, one comparing different subsets of catchment descriptors of the same size (MIN), the other one evaluating the improvement after addition of another catchment descriptor (MAX). The results suggest that the proposed method and the two criteria used may lead to the selection of a subset of conditionally optimal catchment descriptors from a broader set of them. As expected, the quality of the resulting subset of optimal catchment descriptors is mainly dependent on the number and type of the descriptors in the broader set. In the presented case study, six to seven catchment descriptors (two climatic, two soil and at least two land-cover descriptors) were identified as optimal for regionalisation of the SAC-SMA model parameters for a set of MOPEX catchments. Keywords: a priori SAC-SMA model parameters, catchment characteristic, MOPEX catchments, regionalisation Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 186-194 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/23/2012-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/23/2012-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201304-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:8:y:2013:i:4:id:23-2012-SWR