Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tereza Zádorová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniel Žížala Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vít Penížek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Šárka Čejková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Relating extent of colluvial soils to topographic derivatives and soil variables in a Luvisol sub-catchment, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic Abstract: Colluvial soils, resulting from accelerated soil erosion, represent a significant part of the soil cover pattern in agricultural landscapes. Their specific terrain position makes it possible to map them using geostatistics and digital terrain modelling. A study of the relationship between colluvial soil extent and terrain and soil variables was performed at a morphologically diverse study site in a Luvisol soil region in Central Bohemia. Assessment of the specificity of the colluviation process with regard to profile characteristics of Luvisols was another goal of the study. A detailed field survey, statistical analyses, and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods utilized in the study. Statistical analysis showed a strong relationship between the occurrence of colluvial soil, various topographic derivatives, and soil organic carbon content. A multiple range test proved that four topographic derivatives significantly distinguish colluvial soil from other soil units and can be then used for colluvial soil delineation. Topographic wetness index was evaluated as the most appropriate terrain predictor. Soil organic carbon content was significantly correlated with five topographic derivatives, most strongly with topographic wetness index (TWI) and plan curvature. Redistribution of the soil material at the study site is intensive but not as significant as in loess regions covered by Chernozem. Soil mass transport is limited mainly to the A horizon; an argic horizon is truncated only at the steepest parts of the slope. Keywords: digital elevation model, digital soil mapping loess, soil erosion, soil organic carbon Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 47-57 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/57/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201402-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:2:id:57-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika TATARKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geochemistry and Author-Name: Edgar HILLER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geochemistry and Author-Name: Radoslav HALKO Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Retention characteristics of acetochlor in soils collected from different depths in relation to soil properties (Žitný ostrov area, SW Slovakia) Abstract: Determination of the sorption-desorption of herbicides within soil profile is one of the first steps in predicting their leaching potential. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of soil properties on acetochlor retention. Soil samples were taken from horizons A, B, and C of three soil types representative of the Žitný ostrov area. The sorption and desorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich equation. The Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kfs) values ranged from 0.71 to 6.58 mg(1-1/n).l(1/n)/kg and were correlated positively with soil organic carbon, humic and fulvic acid carbons, amorphous aluminum oxides, and negatively with soil pH. The Freundlich desorption coefficient (Kfd) values were greater than those for sorption, showing that not all acetochlor sorbed was desorbed after four washing steps. The percentage of acetochlor desorbed ranged from 7.80 to 54.5% with decreased desorption from soil horizons B and C. The higher sorption capacity of surficial soil horizons in the three soils may be a limiting factor for penetration of acetochlor through soil profiles into groundwater. Keywords: chloroacetanilide herbicide, desorption, leaching potential, sorption Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 58-65 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/98/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/98/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:2:id:98-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LU Hsueh-Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi, Taiwan Title: Characterization of extractable metals from the aquifers with arsenic contamination in the Tsengwen Creek, Taiwan Abstract: Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a common groundwater problem worldwide. To manage groundwater resources effectively, it is crucial to determine the arsenic source. Taiwan's Tsengwen Creek watershed is one of the known areas for groundwater arsenic contamination. Water-rock interactions are evaluated on a regional scale. A conceptual hydrogeological framework is first established based on groundwater hydrochemistry. The local aquifer system can be categorized into high-arsenic deep aquifer and low-arsenic shallow aquifer. The average geochemistry of sediments indicates that arsenic and heavy metals are not significantly enriched in the deeper aquifer on the scale of the whole watershed. Therefore, arsenic contamination in the deeper groundwater of the Tsengwen Creek watershed is not simply source-controlled. However, the Fe-Mn oxides in sediments contain slightly more arsenic in the deep aquifer. The long residence time of groundwater could magnify the enrichment and cause natural arsenic contamination in the deep aquifer. Keywords: BCR sequential extraction procedure, groundwater hydrochemistry, sediment geochemistry Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 66-76 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/42/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:2:id:42-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony I. IWARA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Title: Evaluation of the variability in runoff and sediment loss in successional fallow vegetation of Southern Nigeria Abstract: The effects of three different ages of natural fallow vegetation on runoff and sediment loss were investigated in a part of the rainforest zone of Nigeria. Measurements of runoff amount and sediment loss were made for the months of March to November in 2012 rainy season using runoff plots of 40 m2. The average runoff amount for the 5-year-old, 3-year-old, and farmland plots were 0.47, 0.26, and 0.41 mm respectively. The average sediment loss on the 5-year-old, 3-year-old, and farmland plots were 209.24, 50.54, and 124.68 kg/ha, respectively. The lowest losses for both runoff and sediment were recorded on the 3-year-old plot, while the 5-year-old plot experienced the highest losses. The variations in runoff and sediment loss among the treatments were significant at P < 0.001. The results evidently showed that rainfall was principally responsible for the erosional losses on all the fallow treatments, and that ground cover (density of herbs) and girth helped to reduce sediment loss on the 3-year-old and farmland surfaces, respectively. The high amount of erosional losses experienced on the 5-year-old fallow than on the 3-year-old fallow and farmland plots imply that fallow that is not adequately protected by ground cover experiences accelerated soil erosion. The continuous loss in topsoil rich in plant nutrients may prolong the optimal capacity of the soil to regain its loss nutrient for subsequent food crop cultivation. Keywords: erosional losses, soil erosion, rainfall, vegetation components, vegetation fallows Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 77-82 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/27/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:2:id:27-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jignesh PATEL Author-Workplace-Name: Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India Author-Name: Himanshu PATEL Author-Workplace-Name: Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India Author-Name: Chetan BHATT Author-Workplace-Name: Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, India Title: Generalized calibration of the Hargreaves equation for evapotranspiration under different climate conditions Abstract: Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in weather-based irrigation scheduling methods. To estimate ETo using the Hargreaves equation, just the data on the minimum and maximum temperature and solar radiation are required. However, this procedure cannot offer consistent accuracy for different climate conditions. To attain the accuracy, calibration of the equation constants (CHand EH) for different climate conditions have successfully been attempted by many researchers. Because these calibration procedures are lengthy and location-specific, there is a need of a generalized calibration method to make the Hargreaves equation more pertinent and effective. In this paper, fuzzy logic based calibration method for the Hargreaves equation is proposed and validated. The fuzzy inference system is developed to compute appropriate values of the constants CHand EH on the basis of past data on humidity and wind velocity of a selected location. The underlying relationship between weather conditions and the best values of the constants CHand EH are used to establish a fuzzy rule base. The performance of the method is checked at eight geographically different locations of India with diverse climate conditions. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) in ETovalues estimated by the calibrated modified Hargreaves equation and the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation is in the range of 0.3220-1.0325. It is far more lower than if the error is calculated using the original Hargreaves equation. It confirms the correctness of the calibration method for different climate conditions. Keywords: accurate estimation, fuzzy logic, irrigation scheduling Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 83-89 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/28/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201402-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:2:id:28-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimír Černohous Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vladimír Švihla Author-Workplace-Name: Beroun, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Šach Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Dušan Kacálek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of drainage system maintenance on storm runoff from a reforested, waterlogged mountain catchment Abstract: The maintenance of a drainage system in a waterlogged mountain catchment impacted by earlier harvesting operations was assessed on the basis of a hydrological analysis (hydrological balance, three linear reservoirs method). To restore pre-harvest hydrological conditions, the water-saturated localities were experimentally drained both by restoration of existing ditches and digging of additional open ditches. The rainwater retention of the soil was illustrated by two comparable storm flow events occurring before and after the draining treatment. Pedohydrological analysis revealed the important involvement of static retention in capillary pores in the rainfall-runoff process during rainstorm events. Restoration and addition of the drainage system yield more favourable generation and better proportioned distribution of storm flow discharge. There would be no danger of water depletion in the catchment during dry periods in connection with the draining treatment. In comparison with the state before drainage system maintenance, the static retention after draining treatment became greater than zero. Both the dynamic retention (detention) and static retention helped balancing storm flows in terms of flood and drought control. The successive drop of the raised water table level following drainage system maintenance resulted in changes of actual retention and subsequent runoff. The drainage procedure proved its positive influence on reforestation and the environment, as no negative impact on soil and stream hydrology was found. Keywords: drainage treatment, forest soil, mountain catchment, storm flow runoff, waterlogging, water retention Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 90-96 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/54/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201402-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:2:id:54-2013-SWR