Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika ZEMANOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Lukáš TRAKAL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavla OCHECOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Jiřina SZÁKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources and Author-Name: Daniela PAVLÍKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources and Title: A model experiment: competitive sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by three different soils Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the competitive and individual sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn on three natural soils: a Gleyic Fluvisol (content of Cd 30, Cu 25, Pb 2297 and Zn 3718 mg/kg), a Gleyic Cambisol (content of Cd 5, Cu 29, Pb 1158 and Zn 180 mg/kg) and a Chernozem (content of Cd 0.4, Cu 36, Pb 75 and Zn 67 mg/kg). For evaluation of the sorption and desorption, the Freundlich isotherms were used. The results of the model experiment confirmed that the sorption from single-metal solution was more effective than sorption under multi-metal conditions, due to competitive effects. In all tested soils sorption of Cd, Cu and Zn decreased with the rate of other competitive metals; the Pb sorption was not affected by other competitive metals in solutions. Moreover, during multi-metal sorption, Zn was significantly desorbed in Cambisol. In general, sorptions of Cu, Pb and Zn were greater in uncontaminated soil compared to contaminated soils. Clear trend of impact of the contamination on Cd sorption was not observed. The results showed the sorption decreasing in order Chernozem > Fluvisol > Cambisol. The sorption was the greatest in uncontaminated soil with low mobility of studied metals. Keywords: desorption, contamination, heavy metals, isotherm, single- and multi-metal solutions Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 97-103 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/50/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/50/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201403-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:3:id:50-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ladislav KOUTNÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaromír SKOUPIL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: David VESELÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Physical characteristics affecting the infiltration of high intensity rainfall into a soil profile Abstract: Flooding caused by intensive precipitation has been in the centre of attention of both general public and scientists. From the flood risk management perspective, an integrated approach to catchment management is necessary, in particular with regards to water retention capacity. Our research has been focused on the high intensity rainfall, its short duration, and an adequate infiltration capacity into the soil profile in the upper parts of the catchment, the same as on the impact of soil characteristics such as moisture content and suction pressure, in particular. The five-year research period in two sub-catchments - Červík A and B - in the Beskydy Mts. enabled monitoring of about 300 events, and seventy of them with higher rainfall intensity were selected for further analysis. The analysis showed that the retention of an intensive precipitation was positively dependent on the instantaneous soil moisture and suction pressure. A continuous monitoring of these properties made it possible to quantify the potential runoff and the tendency to cause flooding. The analysis also showed an inverse situation in terms of the relationship between retention (and consequently runoff), suction pressure, and soil moisture content. It was therefore necessary to eliminate these by proposing suitable preventive bio-technical measures. Keywords: flood, variable source areas, soil retention capacity, soil moisture, suction pressure Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 104-110 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/93/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201403-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:3:id:93-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimír ŠIMANSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources and Author-Name: Daniel BAJČAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Stability of soil aggregates and their ability of carbon sequestration Abstract: One of the most important binding agents for forming stable aggregates is a soil organic matter (SOM), which can be retained in various size fractions of aggregates. If aggregates are water-resistant, they retain more carbon. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of aggregates and their ability of carbon sequestration in different soil types and soil management systems in Slovakian vineyards. The highest content of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) was determined in Cambisols, and the lowest in Fluvisols. The highest content of WSAma (size fraction 0.5-3 mm) was determined in Chernozems, decreasing within the following sequence: Fluvisols > Leptosols > Cambisols > Luvisols. The soil type had a statistically significant influence on the re-distribution of soil organic matter in size fractions of water-stable aggregates. The highest content of SOM in water-stable aggregates of the vineyards was determined in grassy strips in-between the vineyard rows in comparison to intensively cultivated rows of vineyard. The highest values of carbon sequestration capacity (CSC) in WSAma were found in Cambisols > Leptosols and the lowest values of CSC were in Fluvisols. The micro-aggregates represented a significant carbon reservoir for the intensively cultivated soils (rows of vineyard). On the other hand, increasing of macro-aggregates (size fraction 0.5-3 mm) was characteristic for grassland soils (between the rows of vineyard). Keywords: water-stable aggregates, soil organic matter, vineyards Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 111-118 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/106/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201403-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:3:id:106-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: HU Junli Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiangchao CUI Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Jue DAI Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Junhua WANG Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Ruirui CHEN Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Rui Yin Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiangui LIN Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University & Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China Title: Interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae and maize (Zea mays L.) straws on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and organic carbon storage in a sandy loam soil Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMs) and maize (Zea mays L.) straws on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and organic carbon (C) storage in a sterilized sandy loam soil. The experiment included four treatments: control, inoculation with AM fungus Glomus caledonium (M), amendment with maize straw (S), and amendment with maize straw plus inoculation with G. caledonium (S + M). The inoculation of G. caledonium significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat root biomass and root-to-straw ratio, but had no significant effects on shoot biomass, grain yield, and soil parameters. The amendment of maize straw significantly (P < 0.05) decreased soil pH, wheat root biomass, and root-to-straw ratio, and significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities, but had no significant effects on shoot biomass, grain yield, soil organic C content, and urease activity. The combined application of G. caledonium and maize straw had no significant effects on root mycorrhizal colonization rate compared to the M treatment, while significantly (P < 0.05) increased wheat root biomass and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased soil pH compared to the S treatment, and also significantly (P < 0.05) increased grain yield, soil organic C content, and urease activity compared to the control. The Two-Way ANOVA also showed interactive effects of G. caledonium and maize straw on soil pH (P < 0.05) and wheat grain yield (P < 0.01), and the redundancy analysis result indicated the potential application of AM fungi in straw-returned fields. Keywords: Glomus caledonium, rhizosphere acidification, root-to-straw ratio, soil enzyme, straw return Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 119-126 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/77/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201403-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:3:id:77-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mamoun A. GHARAIBEH Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan Author-Name: Nabil I. ELTAIF Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan Title: Impact of water quality, cultivation, and cropping systems on infiltration and physical properties of an arid clay soil Abstract: Irrigation with treated wastewater is essential for increasing crop production in arid and semi arid regions. Field experiments were conducted on rainfed clayey soil to investigate the impact of water quality, cultivation, and different cropping systems on cumulative infiltration (F(t)), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (HCfs), penetration resistance (PR), and water stable aggregates (WSA). Treatments were: (1) barley fields tilled for the past 20 years (CB-T), (2) olive tree fields tilled for the past 20 years (CO-T), (3) non-cultivated field for 20 years, tilled for the last 2 years (NC-T2yr), and (4) non-cultivated non-tilled field (NC-NT) for the past 20 years (control). Results indicated that F(t), HCfs, PR, and WSA in NC-NT were significantly higher than in all other treatments. Compared to fresh water (FW), treated wastewater (TWW) significantly reduced F(t) and HCfs in all treatments. This study showed that irrigation with TWW and protection of soil from any physical manipulation improved soil hydraulic and physical properties to acceptable levels. Therefore, application of such practices could be recommended in arid clayey soils. Keywords: aggregate stability, crop cover, infiltration, tillage, wastewater Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 127-134 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/20/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201403-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:3:id:20-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad ZAMANIYAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran Author-Name: Rouhollah FATAHI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran Author-Name: Saeed BOROOMAND-NASAB Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Khuzestan, Iran Title: Field performance evaluation of micro irrigation systems in Iran Abstract: The efforts to introduce the micro irrigation system in Iran go back as far as the year 1990. The area under micro irrigation system in Iran covers about 400 000 ha and it is estimated to double (800 000 ha) during the next five years. The field performance of micro irrigation systems was studied in ten Iranian sites. Physical, chemical, and biological analyses of water samples derived from each site included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, and bacterial number (BN). In this study relative emitter discharge (R), percentage of completely clogged emitters (Pclog), emission uniformity (EU), absolute uniformity emission (EUa), statistical uniformity (Us), coefficient of variation due to emitter performance in the field (Vpf), and sector emission uniformity (EUs) were evaluated. Results showed that performance of micro irrigation systems in Iran is low and poor. Average EU, Us, and Vpf values in different sites were 52.8, 61.3, and 38.2%, respectively. Most frequent problems detected in irrigation units were: inadequate working pressure, emitters clogging, and lacking farmers' training. Keywords: emitter clogging, emission uniformity, statistical uniformity Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 135-142 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/8/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201403-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:9:y:2014:i:3:id:8-2013-SWR