Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michaela VYTOPILOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav TEJNECKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš BORŮVKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej DRÁBEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Sorption of heavy metals in organic horizons of acid forest soils at low added concentrations Abstract: The individual adsorption/desorption of Cu, Pb, and Zn in six soil samples taken from organic horizons of acid forest soils is studied in batch experiments. These three metals were chosen because of the varying extent of their sorption to the soil organic matter. The initial concentration range for all metals is 0-200 mg/l. 0.01 mol/l Ca(NO3)2 was used as the background electrolyte. Soil samples were taken at random locations throughout a relatively small area and are characterized by small differences in mineralogical composition. Organic matter content and pH of soils are considered as the key factors causing differences in sorption/desorption behaviour of selected metals. In general, the sorption of all the three metals increased with a combination of higher pH value and increasing organic matter content. Anyway, the extent of the influence of these two characteristics on sorption behaviour of metals is different, for desorption significant differences were not determined. Copper sorption seems to reflect mainly the differences in organic matter content in addition to the differences in pH. The average amount of sorbed Pb was approximately 90%, Cu sorption averaged 60%, and that of Zn 30%. Desorption of Pb into 0.01 mol/l Ca(NO3)2 remained at approximately 4%, for Zn at 30%, and desorption of Cu reached up to 13% of the amount adsorbed. All the studied soils proved effective at immobilizing lead and copper, but zinc was relatively highly released from these soils, even when the sorbed amount was minimal. Different vegetational background of these samples (either beech or spruce forests) does not significantly influence the sorption extent of these metals as the lower pH of samples taken under spruce stands is probably compensated by higher organic matter content in these samples. The experimental data are fitted by the Freundlich equation and the parameters of this equation together with the adsorption and desorption efficiency are used for comparison of the behaviour of all the three metals among the six soils. Keywords: acidic soils, adsorption, desorption, organic matter, risk elements Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 1-9 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/144/2014-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/144/2014-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:144-2014-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radim VAŠÁT Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka PAVLŮ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš BORŮVKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav TEJNECKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Antonín NIKODEM Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Modelling the impact of acid deposition on forest soils in North Bohemian Mountains with two dynamic models: the Very Simple Dynamic Model (VSD) and the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) Abstract: Enormous acid deposition that culminated in the 1970s contributed largely to accelerate the process of acidification of soils in northern Bohemia. As a consequence a wide forest decline occurred shortly afterwards. In this paper we present a long-term soil acidification modelling with two dynamic models (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments and Very Simple Dynamic Model) to describe history, make successive prediction, and assess possibility of recovery of the ecosystem. Focused on eight soil acidification indicators we found a strong rise of the soil acidification status in 1970s, when emission load culminated, and a large decrease after the year 2000 (after flue gas desulfurization). We further revealed slight differences, but general similarity, for both dynamic models. The results indicate that the impact of historic massive pollution will not probably be eliminated in the future by the year 2100. Keywords: air pollution, Black Triangle, historical deposition, long-term modelling, mass balance, soil solution, soil chemistry Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 10-18 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/76/2014-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2014-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:76-2014-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filip VAŠÁK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jindřich ČERNÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Šárka BURÁŇOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin KULHÁNEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří BALÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Soil pH changes in long-term field experiments with different fertilizing systems Abstract: The changes of soil pH in long-term 14-year field experiments with different fertilizing systems are described. The field experiments were located at four sites of the Czech Republic with different soil and climatic conditions (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Lukavec, and Prague-Suchdol). At each site, the same fertilizing systems and crop rotation (potatoes - winter wheat - spring barley) were established. Six experimental treatments were applied to crop rotation: (1) unfertilized treatments (control); treatments with organic fertilization: (2) farmyard manure (FYM), (3) sewage sludge (SS); treatments with mineral fertilizers: (4) nitrogen (N), (5) nitrogen with straw application (N + straw), and (6) nitrogen with phosphorus and potassium (NPK). The long-term effect of fertilizers significantly depends on soil conditions. At the site Prague-Suchdol minimal differences in the soil pH were observed by all treatments. This is caused by the high buffering capacity of Chernozems against the soil acidification. At Červený Újezd (Haplic Luvisol), Hněvčeves (Haplic Luvisol), and Lukavec (Stagnic Cambisol) sites, soil pH decreased by all treatments. Only at Hněvčeves site the soil pH did not change with N treatment. The highest soil pH decrease in the treatment with NPK (ΔpH -0.89) and N + straw (ΔpH -0.70) was observed at Hněvčeves site. By the treatments FYM and SS the highest decrease was registered at Červený Újezd (ΔpH of about -0.30 and -0.63, respectively). The highest decrease in control treatment (ΔpH of about -0.63) was observed at Lukavec site. The results showed that to evaluate long-term soil pH changes a whole complex of factors must be examined. Keywords: acidification, crop rotation, mineral fertilization, organic fertilization, soil type Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 19-23 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/7/2014-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2014-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:7-2014-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka PEŠKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub ŠTIBINGER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Computation method of the drainage retention capacity of soil layers with a subsurface pipe drainage system Abstract: Methodological procedure for determining the drainage retention capacity (DRC) of surface layers under conditions of unsteady-state groundwater flow was demonstrated. DRC of the drainage system can be defined as a groundwater reservoir situated between the soil surface and the intermediate position of a parabola shaped water table above the drain level. Computation of DRC is based on analytical approximation of the subsurface total drainage discharge in unsteady-state groundwater conditions. DRC formula can serve as a simple tool for immediate estimation that requires only minimum amount of basic information (drainage design parameters, soil hydrology data). DRC is an important phenomenon of drainage policy, an inseparable part of drainage processes, which can mitigate negative impact of climate dynamics. A properly applied drainage policy, with the possibility of manipulating the retention capacities in the soil layers, can significantly improve soil and environmental protection. In agriculture, DRC extended by a drainage system can mitigate the negative effects of hydrological extremes such as floods and droughts. Keywords: agricultural areas, groundwater reservoir, hydrological extremes, unsteady-state groundwater conditions Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 24-31 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/119/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/119/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:119-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sungduk KIM Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Civil Engineering, Chung-Ang University in Seoul, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Hojin LEE Author-Workplace-Name: School of Civil Engineering, Chungbuk National University in Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea Title: A study of the debris flow activity on the one-stepped channel slope Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behaviour and mechanism of debris flow on various slopes through numerical simulation. The numerical simulation was performed using the Finite Difference Element Method based on the equation of mass conservation and momentum conservation. In order to measure the behaviour of the debris flow, the debris flow of the straight rectangular channel slope and that of the one-stepped channel slope were compared. Firstly the water flow discharge, the water flow depth, and the sediment volume concentration at the slope downstream of the channel, depending on the different inflow water flow discharges at the upstream of the channel, were analyzed. The smaller the supply from the upstream of the channel, the water flow discharge and the water flow depth surged only at the point after the debris flow reached the downstream of the channel, and showed a tendency to decrease thereon after. On the other hand, when the supply at the upstream of the channel increased, the curve of the water flow discharge and the water flow depth was unsteadily high. Through the Root Mean Square ratio (RMS) comparison, the water flow discharge and water flow depth of the one-stepped channel slope was lower than that of the straight rectangular channel slope. Secondly, the water flow discharge, water flow depth, and sediment volume concentration depending on the change in the slope of the one-stepped channel slope were analyzed. The larger the slope, the larger the fluctuation in amplitude of the curve and this resulted in a higher water flow discharge distribution as well as in a wider fluctuation bandwidth. In the results of the study at each point, in the case of the straight rectangular channel, the water flow discharge and depth increased as it went downstream. This is because more erosion than deposition occurs when debris flow occurs at the upstream of the channel. Keywords: disaster, finite difference element method, momentum conservation Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 32-39 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/17/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/17/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:17-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tereza BAŽATOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana ŠIMKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Changes in runoff regime. The Lomnice catchment case study Abstract: Water distribution in landscape is essentially influenced by the nature of the catchment rainfall-runoff process. Firstly, this paper presents an analysis of trends in the rainfall-runoff regime of the Lomnice river basin (South Bohemia, Czech Republic), using a single and double mass curve method. Secondly, the analysis of the rainfall-runoff regime is supplemented by an analysis of the evolution of temperature and snow conditions. Finally, a water balance analysis is performed for three selected years, using the Bilan hydrological model. The aim of the present paper was to find out (1) whether any changes have occurred in the trend of the rainfall-runoff regime of the catchment since 1970, and (2) to what extent these changes may have been caused by anthropogenic activities in the catchment. The results show several changes in the runoff scheme that are not related to the amount of precipitation. This statement follows from the comparison of single mass curves of precipitation and discharges. A comparison of the hydrological balance data for the Lomnice river basin, and the Otava and the Upper Vltava (a higher order stream) river basins led to the following conclusions: (1) There has been a change in the trend of the Lomnice river runoff regime. (2) The runoff regime of the Lomnice river basin differs from the regime of the higher order river basin (the Otava, the Upper Vltava). (3) The changes in the runoff regime in the Lomnice river basin were probably caused mainly by anthropogenic activities, the influence of which disappears within the larger basin (a higher order catchment area). Therefore, when planning sustainable water resources management, it is necessary to consider the impact of human activities not only globally, but also at the local scale. Keywords: Bilan model, hydrological regime, mass curve method, water balance Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 40-48 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/35/2014-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2014-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:35-2014-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav DUMBROVSKÝ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika SOBOTKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Bořivoj ŠARAPATKA Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radka VÁCHALOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic$2 Author-Name: Renata PAVELKOVÁ CHMELOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan VÁCHAL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic$2 Title: Long-term improvement in surface water quality after land consolidation in a drinking water reservoir catchment Abstract: The aim was to explore how soil and water conservation measures, applied in the process of land consolidation, affected nutrient concentrations in surface waters of the Hubenov drinking water reservoir in the Českomoravská vrchovina Upland. A significant part of the catchment serves as a protection zone for the reservoir. The protection measures, such as restrictions on the maximum amount of manure and N and P fertilizers, were applied in the case study area according to recommendations of a land consolidation project. The Hubenov reservoir water resources were monitored for twenty years (1990-2010) in order to collect water quality data on nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), total phosphorus (Ptot), and total suspended solids. The results of monitoring indicate a linear trend of decrease in N-NO3- and Ptot concentrations following the soil and water conservation measures applied. Keywords: land use, protection zone, soil and water conservation, water pollution Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 49-55 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/108/2013-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/108/2013-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:108-2013-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Selçuk ÖZMEN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosystem Engineering, School of Agriculture, University of Düzce, Düzce, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Department of Land and Water Resources, CIHEAM, Bari, Italy Author-Name: Riza KANBER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Irrigation, School of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey Author-Name: Pasquale STEDUTO Author-Workplace-Name: Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Department of Land and Water Resources, CIHEAM, Bari, Italy Author-Workplace-Name: FAO Representation in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt Author-Name: Mustafa ÜNLÜ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Irrigation, School of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey Author-Name: Yusuf AYDIN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosystem Engineering, School of Agriculture, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey Author-Name: Kenan DIKER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Health and Environment Water Quality Control Division, Denver, Colorado, USA$2 Title: Distribution of water loss via evapotranspiration in a pistachio tree orchard under drip irrigation and non-irrigation conditions Abstract: The present study aimed to measure the distribution of water loss via evapotranspiration (ET) in a pistachio tree orchard under drip irrigation and non-irrigation conditions at the experimental orchard of the Pistachio Research Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey. The experimental design consisted of a 10 × 10 m2 grid system constructed of PVC pipes spaced 2 m apart (horizontally and vertically) that was placed around each tree for the drip irrigation condition (water applied every 7 days) and the non-irrigated condition. Moisture content was measured using the neutron scattering method for both treatments. Water loss via ET was estimated based on the soil water balance method, which included measurement of soil moisture, precipitation, and irrigation. Total water loss via ET under drip irrigation conditions was 518 mm vs 220 mm under non-irrigated conditions. Water loss via ET for the total soil profile and individual layers under non-irrigated conditions was higher at the four outer corners of each 10 × 10 m2 grid than under irrigated conditions. Moreover, water loss via ET was the highest at the grid system pipes closest to the two laterals under irrigation conditions. In addition, the total percentage of water loss via ET was the highest at the 60-80-cm and 20-40-cm soil layers under drip irrigation and non-irrigation conditions, respectively, and the total percentage of water loss via ET was the lowest at the 40-60-cm and 0-20-cm soil layers under drip irrigation and non-irrigation conditions, respectively. Lastly, it could be considered that root density increased as water loss via ET increased. Keywords: drip irrigation, evapotranspiration, pistachio, root, water loss Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 56-63 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/60/2014-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/60/2014-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201501-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:1:id:60-2014-SWR