Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:  editors
Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 10
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: I-II
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/8521-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8521-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:4:id:8521-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bořivoj ŠARAPATKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Title: The contribution of Czech Soil Science at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries to knowledge of soils: in memory of Professor Josef Kopecký
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 207-209
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/162/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/162/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:4:id:162-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavel KOVÁŘ
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Hana BAČINOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Impact of evapotranspiration on diurnal discharge fluctuation determined by the Fourier series model in dry periods
Abstract: Precise measurements of discharges at the outlet of a small catchment, using high resolution sensing equipment, can currently be done without difficulty. In particular, measurements can take place even during dry periods, when high temperatures increase actual evapotranspiration on the catchment and diurnal streamflow fluctuation changes occur in a harmonic wave at any time of the day. Some 10-15 years ago, a current runoff measurement record based on a high resolution equipment clearly recognizing a diurnal wave-shape fluctuation could hardly be available. The measurement of discharge ordinates from the catchment, and from free water pan evaporation, showed an undulating fluctuation tendency. However, the discharge minima appeared at day time and their maxima at night. The measured discharge data are represented not only by a fluctuating form, but also by a mild form, an even straight line, or by a flat depletion curve. For the purpose of analyzing the wave shape of discharge we implemented the Fourier series model, simulating the measured data through the Fourier input, output, and transformation coefficients. The purpose of this analysis was to use the Fourier equations in order to substitute the missing data (when the discharge or evaporation measurements collapsed). Due to very sensitive data, when the measured discharge series are jagged, the equation can be smoothed by the harmonic approximation or by the polynomial approximation. Our study was carried out on the small experimental catchment of the Starosuchdolsky Brook, in the vicinity of the campus of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. The harmonic analysis provided an interesting outcome, as well as innovative methodology.
Keywords: catchment depletion curve, Fourier series, harmonic coefficients, high resolution sensing, rainless periods
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 210-217
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/122/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/122/2015-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asa Gholizadeh
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Luboš Borůvka
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Mohammad Mehdi Saberioon
Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Image and Signal Processing, Institute of Complex Systems, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Josef Kozák
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Radim Vašát
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Karel Němeček
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Comparing different data preprocessing methods for monitoring soil heavy metals based on soil spectral features
Abstract: The lands near mining industries in the Czech Republic are subjected to soil pollution with heavy metals. Excessive heavy metal concentrations in soils not only dramatically impact the soil quality, but also due to their persistent nature and indefinite biological half-lives, potentially toxic metals can accumulate in the food chain and can eventually endanger human health. Monitoring and spatial information of these elements require a large number of samples and cumbersome and time-consuming laboratory measurements. A faster method has been developed based on a multivariate calibration procedure using support vector machine regression (SVMR) with cross-validation, to establish a relationship between reflectance spectra in the visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) region and concentration of Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in soil. Spectral preprocessing methods, first and second derivatives (FD and SD), standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and continuum removal (CR) were employed after smoothing with Savitzky-Golay to improve the robustness and performance of the calibration models. According to the criteria of maximal coefficient of determination (R2cv) and minimal root mean square error of prediction in cross-validation (RMSEPcv), the SVMR algorithm with FD preprocessing was determined as the best method for predicting Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn concentration, whereas the SVMR model with CR preprocessing was chosen as the final method for predicting Cd. Overall, this study indicated that the Vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy technique combined with a continuously enriched soil spectral library as well as a suitable preprocessing method could be a nondestructive alternative for monitoring of the soil environment. The future possibilities of multivariate calibration and preprocessing with real-time remote sensing data have to be explored.
Keywords: heavy metals, preprocessing, support vector machine regression, visible-near infrared spectroscopy
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 218-227
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/113/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/113/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:4:id:113-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hana KARABCOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Agrovýzkum Rapotín Ltd., Vikýřovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Lubica POSPÍŠILOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Karel FIALA
Author-Workplace-Name: Agrovýzkum Rapotín Ltd., Vikýřovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Petr ŠKARPA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Marie BJELKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Agritec Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic
Title: Effect of organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon and risk trace elements content in soil under permanent grassland
Abstract: The effect of different kinds of organic matter inputs on elemental composition, content, and quality of humic substances was studied on permanent grassland during 2008-2013. The experiment included two organic fertilizer types - compost and slurry, both with the range of stocking rates 0.9, 1.4, and 2.0 livestock units (LU)/ha (corresponding to 54, 84, and 120 kg N/ha, respectively), and control without any fertilizer. The soil was sandy-loam, of Cambisol type, with semi natural permanent grassland. Labile forms and total contents of selected trace elements (Co, Cu, Zn, Cd) and macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, P, and N) were measured. Soil organic matter parameters such as total organic carbon (Cox), humic substances (HS), humic acid (HA), fluvic acid (FA), and labile carbon forms (hot-water extractable carbon (Chws), cold water extractable carbon (Ccws)) were determined. Results showed that the greatest content of P, Ca, Mg, and N in the soil was detected by the CO 2.0 treatment. Furthermore, the positive effect of compost on Cox, Chws, HA, FA, HS, N and macronutrients was observed. The elemental analysis of humic acids showed lower carbon content and higher oxygen content in HA molecule, which indicated young humic acids, with a lower condensation degree. The content and quality of humic substances strongly influenced the total and labile trace elements content in the soil. Additionally, hot water soluble carbon significantly correlated with plant available forms of Zn, Cu, and Cd.
Keywords: compost, labile organic carbon, slurry, trace elements
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 228-235
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/5/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:4:id:5-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hana ŠILLEROVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and
Author-Name: Aleš VANĚK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Vladislav CHRASTNÝ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and
Author-Name: Michael KOMÁREK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and
Title: Biosorption of Cr(VI) from natural groundwater and the effect of DOC-rich treated water on Cr dissolving from contaminated soil
Abstract: Brewers draff and grape waste were used as efficient biosorbents for removing Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater. Additionally, the interactions between the dissolved organic carbon-rich (DOC-rich) treated water and a soil contaminated with Cr(III) was further studied. The breakthrough curves obtained from column (dynamic) adsorption experiments showed higher adsorption efficiency of grape waste compared to brewers draff. The adsorption efficiency was 36.8-40.4% for brewers draff and 56.6-68.3% for grape waste, depending on the initial pH. The detected saturation time was approximately three times higher than in our previous study, where a model solution of Cr(VI) was used. The natural groundwater showed to be rich in dissolved organic matter after the treatment. The consequent interaction of the treated water with the soil led to a partial dissolution of Cr from the contaminated soil (corresponding to < 1% of total soil Cr) in the case of brewers draff, but also to adsorption of the residual Cr from the treated water to the soil in the case of grape waste. The obtained data demonstrated that Cr(III), when abundant in soils, could be potentially mobilized by the DOC-rich solution. On the other hand, the risk associated with this secondary Cr mobilization and its subsequent migration in soils (or sediments) seems to be very low or even negligible.
Keywords: adsorption, biosorbents, chromium, dissolved organic carbon, soil
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 236-243
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/3/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:4:id:3-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: László HALMOS
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
Author-Name: Gábor BOZSÓ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
Author-Name: Elemér PÁL-MOLNÁR
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
Author-Workplace-Name: MTA-ELTE Volcanology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
Title: Adsorption properties of Ni, Cu, and Zn in young alkaline lake sediments in south Hungary (Lake Fehér, Szeged)
Abstract: Adsorption properties of Cu, Ni, and Zn in alkaline sediments of Lake Fehér at Szeged (Hungary) were investigated. The effects of pollution of these three chosen phytotoxic elements in sodic sediments were primarily examined. These elements are strongly adsorbed in the soils and sediments with relatively high pH values for a long time without any influence on the geochemical processes. However, the salinization (indicated by the global climate change) of soils and sediments can strongly change the original geochemical status. For the adsorption experiments, the horizons with the highest organic matter contents were selected from two profiles. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), particle size distribution, carbonate content, quality and quantity of organic matter, and clay mineral content of the selected samples were also determined. Efficiency of the adsorption is reduced in Cu >> Zn > Ni and Cu > Ni >> Zn order based on the calculated maximum and specific adsorption values. The adsorption properties of heavy metals are dependent on the content of soil constituents. The results showed that Cu has the highest but not the same affinity to each of the sorbent materials. Ni is strongly while Zn is less bounded to the organic matter. In most cases the results showed that the most effective fixative soil constituent is carbonate, followed by clay minerals and, last, organic matter regarding to the investigated elements.
Keywords: heavy metal, organic matter, salinization
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 244-251
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/165/2014-SWR
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Stachura
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Tomáš Chuman
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Geological Survey, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Luděk Šefrna
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Development of soil consumption driven by urbanization and pattern of built-up areas in Prague periphery since the 19th century
Abstract: Soil consumption has become a very rapid and intensive process in many European countries, especially around large cities and important highways. The Prague periphery is not an exception. This paper analyses the extent and quality of consumed agricultural land and pattern of built-up areas in selected 22 cadastres in Prague periphery, by using historical maps and orthophotomaps, over four time horizons since the 19th century till 2010. The results show an extensive soil consumption. The average extent of built-up area increased from less than 1% to more than 13% per cadastre. This extensive development caused consumption of high quality soils and changed the pattern of built-up areas from more compact to less compact built-up areas. The average nearest neighbour distance between built-up patches has increased by more than 38%.
Keywords: Czech Republic, land take, quality of soil, soil sealing, urban sprawl
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 252-261
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/204/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/204/2014-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:4:id:204-2014-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimíra JELÍNKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, Buštěhrad, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Michal DOHNAL
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Tomáš PICEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: A green roof segment for monitoring the hydrological and thermal behaviour of anthropogenic soil systems
Abstract: Green roofs and similar anthropogenic soil-plant systems in conurbations have a high relevance for society, especially in a changing climate. Understanding the hydrological performance of green roof substrates is a significant task in the framework of sustainable urban planning and water/energy management in urban areas. Potential retention and detention capabilities of anthropogenic, light weight, highly permeable soil systems and their continued performance over time are of major importance. A green roof test segment was designed to investigate the benefits of such anthropogenic systems. This adaptable low-cost system allows for long-term monitoring of preferred characteristics. Temperature and water balance measurements complemented with meteorological observations and studies of physical properties of substrates provide a basis for a detailed analysis of thermal and hydrological regime in green roof systems. The very first results obtained from the test segment have confirmed the green roof systems benefits. Reduced temperature fluctuations as well as rainfall runoff were attained compared to the traditional roof systems. Depending on numerous factors including the substrate material or vegetation cover, in the green roof tested the temperature amplitude for a selected period of non-freezing days (with minimum ambient air temperature of 2.8°C) was suppressed by about 6.5°C on average. The ability to completely prevent (light rainfall events) or reduce and delay (medium and heavy rainfall events) the peak runoff was demonstrated, too.
Keywords: continuous monitoring, heat island effect, microclimatic conditions, thermal regime, vegetation cover, water balance
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 262-270
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/17/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/17/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:10:y:2015:i:4:id:17-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna KOPČÁKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Jaroslav LEGÁTH
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Peter PRISTAŠ
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Peter JAVORSKÝ
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
Title: Already a short-term soils exposure to the field-rate glufosinate concentration significantly influences soil bacterial communities
Abstract: The early impact of glufosinate derived herbicide Basta® 15 on bacterial communities of two different soils never exposed to this herbicide was investigated using cultivation approach and non-cultivation based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Under the simulated laboratory conditions glufosinate treatment increased numbers of total cultivable heterotrophic bacteria in both tested soils. Surprisingly even the lowest glufosinate concentration (1 mmol) significantly affected bacterial community composition in both tested soils and original populations were replaced by new ones upon the 2 days glufosinate treatment. In nutrient rich Haniska soil the effect was dose dependent and glufosinate treatment decreased genetic diversity of bacterial population. In nutrient poor Kaľava soil the highest glufosinate concentration (16 mmol) increased the diversity of bacterial population probably as a result of carbon source supplementation. Glufosinate treatment selected Gram-negative bacteria in both soils. Two species of Enterobacter genus were found to be dominant in glufosinate treated Haniska soil and Pseudomonas beteli and Brevundimonas diminuta were found to be dominant in glufosinate treated Kaľava soil using non-cultivation based DGGE method. Our data indicated that under the simulated soil conditions the soil bacterial community was significantly affected even by a short-term exposure to glufosinate.
Keywords: bacteria, PCR-DGGE, phosphinotricin, soil biodiversity
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 271-277
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/185/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/185/2014-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin POLÁK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Lukáš DLABAL
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Operating characteristics of a bladeless turbine for irrigation purposes
Abstract: Irrigation and pumping systems are still important issues in agriculture. There are many places on the Earth where water needs to be pumped, however no energy sources are available to power the pumps. The bladeless turbine offers a possible solution. This machine can utilize even low-potential sources of water-borne energy working as autonomous energy sources. The turbine has been developed only recently and therefore no comprehensive operating characteristics has existed as yet. The article summarizes the results of experimental measurements carried out on the SETUR DVE 120, a commercially available bladeless turbine sold in a monoblock together with an electricity generator. "User" characteristics have been created from the measured data: dependence of output electrical power and the efficiency of the set on speed, etc.
Keywords: efficiency, power, SETUR DVE 120, water gradient
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 278-283
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Year: 2015
DOI: 10.17221/28/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2015-SWR.html
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