Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jinman WANG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Zhongke BAI
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, P.R. China
Author-Name: Peiling YANG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
Title: Using HYDRUS to simulate the dynamic changes of Ca2+ and Na+ in sodic soils reclaimed by gypsum
Abstract: Sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of excess sodium to levels that can adversely affect soil structure. In recent years, with the advent of alternatives for reclaiming sodic soils, such as the addition of by-products of flue gas desulfurization, fly ash, phosphogypsum, etc., using CaSO4 to reclaim sodic soil has again become a hot topic. In this study, cation exchange batch experiments and column leaching experiments were conducted to analyze the adsorption-exchange and dynamic changes of Ca2+ and Na+ during the reclamation of sodic soils with CaSO4. The HYDRUS-1D software was subsequently used to simulate and predict dynamic changes in Ca2+ and Na+. The cation exchange batch experiments consisted of six treatments with six CaSO4 rates (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/l), and the column leaching experiments consisted of two treatments with two CaSO4 concentrations (0.5 and 1.5 g/l). The results of the static cation exchange batch experiments indicated that the ion adsorption-exchange coefficients KCa-Na, KCa-Mg,andKCa-K were 1.9, 0.8, and 1.1, respectively. Applying CaSO4 and leaching are efficient methods to reclaim sodic soil. The pH and electrical conductivity of the soil solution gradually decreased with longer leaching time in all of the treatments. HYDRUS-1D successfully simulated both the dynamic changes of the Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations at different soil depths under different treatments and leaching time, and the effects of soil hydraulic conductivity and soil pH on the transport of Ca2+ and Na+. The correspondence between the observed and simulated variables was remarkable.
Keywords: cation exchange, ion transport, leaching, simulation, soil reclamation
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 1-10
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/14/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2015-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:14-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huiping HUANG
Author-Workplace-Name: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Yuping HAN
Author-Workplace-Name: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Jinxi SONG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Urban Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
Author-Name: Zhanping ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
Author-Name: Heng XIAO
Author-Workplace-Name: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
Title: Impacts of climate change on water requirements of winter wheat over 59 years in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain
Abstract: Daily data from 40 meteorological stations in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 1955 to 2013 were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test and partial correlation to determine the temporal trends of meteorological factors and their impacts on water requirements of winter wheat in different growing periods. Results showed that water requirements during the whole growing period in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were between 374 and 485.2 mm with an average of 412 mm in the past 59 years. In general, the value declined by 4 mm per decade. The distribution was ribbon-like, decreasing from the N to the S. Average wind speed, humidity, and sunshine hours declined significantly (α = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively). Average vapour pressure and temperature increased significantly (α = 0.01). Only rainfall in Dongtai, Gaoyou, and Zhumadian could meet the water requirement of winter wheat over the whole growing period. Response of crop water requirement (ETc) to meteorological factors change was linear and the order of impact on ETc was vapour pressure, temperature, wind speed, and sunshine hours, while humidity had little impact on ETc. Among the impacting factors, vapour pressure was in positive relation with ETc.
Keywords: Mann-Kendall test, response of ETc, crop water requirement
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 11-19
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/164/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/164/2014-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:164-2014-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jaroslava JANKŮ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel SEKÁČ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Jaroslava BARÁKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Josef KOZÁK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Land use analysis in terms of farmland protection in the Czech Republic
Abstract: The agricultural land acreage in Central Europe, including the Czech Republic, rapidly decreases. This study presents the trends of agricultural land acreage reduction in the period 1966-2013, with respect to the 1990 milestone (political changes triggering a rapid loss of agricultural land for construction purposes). The analysis is based on the cadastral register data. Particularly serious is the rapid reduction of arable land - 25 ha per day. Furthermore, the actual built up area seems to be larger than show the records on the construction land in the cadastral register. There is an obvious discrepancy between the real state and the cadastral data, so the actual reduction of arable land in the Czech Republic may be even greater. Unfortunately, some municipalities responsible for the urban planning process are obviously not interested in land protection. Based on their quality, the Czech land protection law classifies the soils into 5 protection classes. The areas with the first and second class soils should not be used for construction purposes. However, the study revealed the law is frequently neglected from the part of municipalities and the areas of best quality soils have often been sealed by construction. The present study also attempted to enumerate the financial losses from crop production associated with the land take. The ineffective land protection is a very serious Europe-wide problem.
Keywords: agricultural land management, agricultural land protection, land take, land use change, rapid reduction of farmland, soil sealing, cadastral register, urbanization
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 20-28
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/163/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/163/2015-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:163-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomáš LEPEŠKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
Title: The impact of impervious surfaces on ecohydrology and health in urban ecosystems of Banská Bystrica (Slovakia)
Abstract: The risks of accelerated runoff and its larger amounts brought by urbanisation include increased flood flows and pollution of downstream ecosystems. One of the most significant permanent effect of urban sprawl is soil sealing, which alters natural infiltration and runoff. In addition to imperviousness, the increased runoff from sealed and compacted surfaces results in increased sedimentation of stream ecosystems with contaminants. In most urban planning strategies, water related ecosystems have already become the fundamental components of the integrated urban landscape management, but still have been referred to as objects of protection or rehabilitation; not as management tools. This paper shows how soil sealing significantly affects urban environment and urban ecosystems health. It also demonstrates significant impacts of a city on downstream ecosystems. Data obtained from orthophotomap vectorization showed that the model urban catchment is relatively highly urbanized. 45% of model area is sealed mainly with buildings (40.41%), streets (31.01%), and parking lots (25.28%). Compared to natural basins, urban runoff is 64 times higher and carries a significant amount of pollutants.
Keywords: built environment, runoff, soil sealing, urban catchment, urban hydrology
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 29-36
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/65/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/65/2015-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:65-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LI Cuilan
Author-Workplace-Name: National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China;
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Shuqing GAO
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Jinjing ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Lanpo ZHAO
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Lichun WANG
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
Title: Moisture effect on soil humus characteristics in a laboratory incubation experiment
Abstract: A 180-day laboratory incubation experiment (30°C) was conducted to investigate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of humic fractions in a Mollisol at different moisture conditions. The soil moisture contents were 30, 60, and 250% field water-holding capacity (WHC), which represented the low, middle, and high moisture levels, respectively. The results showed that the carbon contents of the total soil and corresponding humic fractions generally decreased with increasing soil moisture. A significant difference was observed between the 250% WHC and the two other moisture levels. By contrast, the carbon content of the water soluble fraction significantly increased with increasing soil moisture levels. The solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra showed that the alkyl C/O-alkyl C, aliphatic C/aromatic C, and hydrophobic C/hydrophilic C ratios were in the order of 250% WHC > 30% WHC ≍ 60% WHC, 30% WHC ≍ 60% WHC > 250% WHC and 250% WHC > 60% WHC ≍ 30% WHC for humic acid, and 250% WHC > 30% WHC ≍ 60% WHC, 60% WHC ≍ 250 % WHC > 30% WHC and 30% WHC ≍ 250% WHC > 60% WHC for humin, respectively. These results indicated that a high moisture level was unfavourable for the carbon accumulation of the total soil and humic fractions, whereas it was favourable for the accumulation of water soluble carbon. Although soil moisture levels had a distinct effect on the chemical composition of humic acid and humin, the decomposition degree of the two humic substances components, as indicated by the alkyl C/O-alkyl C ratio, were both higher at a high moisture level than at a low moisture level. Therefore, the lower soil organic carbon content at a high moisture level than at a low moisture level can be ascribed to the higher water soluble carbon content and larger decomposition degree of humic acid and humin in the former. Our results are important for understanding the behaviour and mechanisms of humic substances at specific soil moisture conditions.
Keywords: humic acid, humin, humus composition, soil moisture, solid-state 13C NMR
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 37-43
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/21/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:21-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarmila MAKOVNÍKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava, Regional Station Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Jozef KOBZA
Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava, Regional Station Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Boris PÁLKA
Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava, Regional Station Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Jozef MALIŠ
Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava, Regional Station Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Radoslava KANIANSKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Miriam KIZEKOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural and Food Centre, Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research Institute Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
Title: An approach to mapping the potential of cultural agroecosystem services
Abstract: A system for evaluating outdoor recreation as a cultural agroecosystem service is presented. Every agroecosystem presumably has the potential for providing some kind of outdoor recreation. Two approaches to mapping the recreation potential were used and compared - the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) model and the regional model (RegMOD). From the possibilities of recreation activities, hiking, biking, and cross-country skiing were chosen. The comparison of the two approaches showed that the RegMOD incorporates a wider range of categories than the SolVES model, particularly for hiking. The robust character of the SolVES model is reflected by narrowing the spectrum of categories of this recreation activity. The differences in the map view are marked in the case of biking and cross-country skiing. Overall, the grasslands of the study area in Slovakia offer mainly medium relevant capacity (53.90% by the results of the SolVES, 64.90% by the results of the RegMOD) for providing selected outdoor recreation activities. The less productive (53.88% of all non-productive grasslands by the results of the SolVES, 48.00% by the results of the RegMOD) and non-productive grasslands represent a higher relevant capacity (41.18% of all non-productive grasslands by the results of the SolVES, 54.40% by the results of the RegMOD) for providing outdoor recreation activities. This brings about a new view of their management as well as use. The RegMOD developed in this paper is replicable and could be applied by managers mainly at the regional level on condition of their proficiency in geographical information systems.
Keywords: cultural services, cultural services potential, ecosystem services, land use cover, outdoor recreation, SolVES model
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 44-52
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/109/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/109/2015-SWR.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201601-0006.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:109-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maher E. SALEH
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture and
Author-Name: Ahmed A. EL-REFAEY
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture (Fuka Branch), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Author-Name: Amal H. MAHMOUD
Author-Workplace-Name: Saline and Alkaline Soil Research Lab., Institute of Soil, Water and Environment Research, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt$2
Title: Effectiveness of sunflower seed husk biochar for removing copper ions from wastewater: a comparative study
Abstract: Copper represents one of major hazardous pollutants in wastewater. The aim of this study is the comparison between sunflower seed husk biochar (SSHB) and activated carbon (AC) and sunflower seed husk feedstock (SSHF) in their efficiency of Cu2+ removing from aqueous solutions. The removed Cu2+ was monitored for various intervals extended to 96 h at 298, 303, and 308 K in batch experiments. Adsorption reactions showed that SSHB was superior in Cu2+ removal process at all tested temperatures in comparison with AC and SSHF. Results of surface properties and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the higher surface reactivity of SSHB than AC and SSHF. Both SSHF and AC were affected by time and temperature of reaction in their removal efficiency for Cu2+ while SSHB was not affected by these parameters. A deformation observable under a scanning electron microscope and a higher release of dissolved organic carbon from SSHF after the reaction with Cu2+ and vice versa in SSHB suggested the electrostatic ion exchange and complex reactions mechanisms for Cu2+ removal by SSHF in addition to the physical sorption controlled by surface area and porosity of SSHB. The adsorption kinetics of Cu2+ was fitted to pseudo second order equation and obtained results indicate that SSHB is a recalcitrant and a strong biosorbent. Therefore, SSHB can be introduced as a cost-effective and efficient biosorbent for copper removal from wastewaters.
Keywords: adsorption kinetics, biosorbents, charcoal, heavy metals, sunflower biochar, water treatment
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 53-63
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/274/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/274/2014-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:274-2014-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shulan ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau and
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
Author-Name: Xueyun YANG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China
Author-Name: Lars LOVDAHL
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden$2
Title: Soil management practice effect on water balance of a dryland soil during fallow period on the Loess Plateau of China
Abstract: To understand the mechanisms affecting water balance partitioning during fallow on drylands could improve the fallow management practices in arable land ecosystems. A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of field management regimes on water balance partitioning and fallow efficiency during the fallow periods under a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fallow system on the Loess Plateau, China. The fallow management regimes tested were: (i) conventional practice, (ii) catch cropping, and (iii) no tillage with wheat straw mulching. A process-oriented ecosystem model (CoupModel) was calibrated with field measurements and then used to generate comparative simulations of the water balance partitioning. The simulations indicated that mulching increased the soil water storage change by 38-71 mm during the three fallow periods, thus resulting in higher fallow efficiency by 9-12%, and decreased soil evaporation by 22-72 mm, compared with the conventional practice. Furthermore, water reached deeper horizons, resulting in 7 mm deep percolation in a wet year under mulching but not under conventional practice or catch cropping. The simulation results also showed that the catch cropping decreased the soil water storage change by 13-21 mm, although it lowered soil evaporation by 11-51 mm, and altogether reduced the fallow efficiency by 3-9%, compared to conventional practice. On the Loess Plateau of China mulching proved to be a sound measure for ensuring certain fallow efficiency and possibly benefit to the water cycle, while catch cropping negatively partitioned the water balance. The catch cropping under mulching might be another management regime to be considered.
Keywords: deep percolation, fallow efficiency, modelling, soil evaporation, soil water storage
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 64-73
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/255/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/255/2014-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:1:id:255-2014-SWR