Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julio PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Polytechnic Sciences, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain
Author-Name: Javier SENENT-APARICIO
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Polytechnic Sciences, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, Murcia, Spain
Title: Estimating rainfall erositivity in semiarid regions. Comparison of expressions and parameters using data from the Guadalentín Basin (SE Spain)
Abstract: One of the many factors that leads to soil erosion is rainfall erositivity, which is a basic physical factor enabling us to understand the geomorphological processes that take place in a basin. Results worldwide have shown that the erositivity R factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) has a high correlation with soil loss. In the past there have been few pluviometers capable of recording rainfall with continuous measurements. As a result of this lack of accuracy in the available series of rainfall intensity data, the calculation of the R factor has been restricted for a long time and various simplified models were developed on an international scale that relied on information obtained from existing stations. However, the modernisation of stations over the last few decades has provided to be a valuable tool for validating models, as well as for designing others that are more hardwearing and correlate better with the available information. In this paper, we have calculated the rainfall erositivity R factor for a semiarid basin in SE Spain using the formula developed in the USLE model for a series of 20 years of rainfall with 5-minute intervals, obtaining the mean R factor value of 620 MJ/ha∙mm/h per year and maximum values of up to 6000 MJ/ha∙mm/h per year. In addition, a comparative analysis of various simplified expressions was carried out to obtain the R factor. To obtain this value, we came up with a simplified equation based on annual maximum daily rainfall and average monthly rainfall, which resulted in a correlation coefficient of r = 0.936 and a P-value of 0.033 for the basin under study. Thus, from this structure of the equation we have compiled a series of parametric maps which enable us to calculate the R factor from any position within the basin under study.
Keywords: rainfall erositivity factor, soil erosion, Universal Soil Loss Equation, water erosion
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 75-82
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/279/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/279/2014-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: WU Jia
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Name: Longshan ZHAO
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China;
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
Author-Name: WU Faqi
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China;
Author-Name: LI Zhanbin
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China;
Title: The role of surface microreliefs in influencing splash erosion: A laboratory study
Abstract: The detachment and transport of soil particles from soil mass are important effects of falling raindrops on soil erosion during rainfall. The objective of this study was to determine whether soil microrelief affects the detachability and transportability of soil particles by raindrop splash. Experimental microreliefs were manually simulated by two tillage practices: shallow hoeing, contour chisel plowing, and a smooth slope served as control treatment. The experiment included three simulated rainfall intensities (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm/min). A splash board was used to collect sediment splashed upslope as well as that splashed downslope. Results show that microrelief has a positive effect on detachment rate (DRt) and has a negative effect on net downslope movement rate (SPnet). With the exception of DRt of which hoe treatment was less than smooth at the rainfall of 1.0 mm/min intensity, DRt of hoe and chisel treatments were twice as high as that of smooth to other treatments. For all treatments, SPnet of hoe and chisel treatments were less than half of smooth. Regression analysis showed that DRt change with increasing rainfall intensity could be described by a power function for all treatments. The change of SPnet could be described by a logarithmic function for hoe and chisel treatments, while the change of SPnet of the smooth treatment could not be described by a logarithmic function. Statistical results suggest that DRt was significantly influenced by rainfall intensity, while SPnet was not. Conversely, SPnet was significantly influenced by soil microrelief, while DRt was not.
Keywords: detachment rate, soil erosion, splash board, raindrop impact
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 83-89
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/280/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/280/2014-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carla E. DI BELLA
Author-Workplace-Name: IFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author-Name: Gustavo G. STRIKER
Author-Workplace-Name: IFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author-Name: Juan LORETI
Author-Workplace-Name: IFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author-Name: Diego J. COSENTINO
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author-Name: Agustín A. GRIMOLDI
Author-Workplace-Name: IFEVA, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Title: Soil water regime of grassland communities along subtle topographic gradient in the Flooding Pampa (Argentina)
Abstract: Three plant communities positioned along a subtle topographic gradient, referred to as upland, intermediate, and lowland positions, characterize the landscape of the Flooding Pampa grasslands of Argentina. Although it is believed that the structure and functioning of the plant communities at each position are in close relationship with their hydric regime, this has never been quantified. More than 800 measurements of soil water content during four years, along with soil water retention curves, and physical and chemical parameters of soils were assessed at each position. Results showed that water availability during the year varied among the positions in accordance with differences in hydrological balance and soil water retention capacity of each of them. Water retention increased in relation to clay and organic matter content from the upland to the lowland position. The upland position, with more soil sand content, registered severe drought events during late spring and summer, without flooding periods in any season. The intermediate and lowland positions, with more soil clay content, remained flooded for several weeks during winter and spring, and they manifested less severe summer droughts than the upland position. Moreover, the lowland position was more hydromorphic than the intermediate one. These spatial and temporal variations of water regime and soil parameters characterizing the upland, intermediate, and lowland positions concur with different plant communities associated with each of them.
Keywords: drought, flooding, soil water retention curves
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 90-96
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/282/2014-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/282/2014-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nora KACHI
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Sciences and Life and
Author-Name: Slimane KACHI
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth and Universe Sciences, University May 8, 1945, Guelma, Algeria
Author-Name: Houria BOUSNOUBRA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Agronomy, University Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria$2
Title: Effects of irrigated agriculture on water and soil quality (case perimeter Guelma, Algeria)
Abstract: In Algeria, more than 20% of irrigated soils are concerned by the problem of salinity. In the perimeter of Guelma, the results showed that the soils have low salinity despite of high electrical conductivity (1244 µS/cm) of irrigation water and increased organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus contents. It should be noted that the soils had exhibited higher salinity and low organic matter content before starting the irrigation in 1973. The reduction in the salt content is due to the leaching of salts from percolated water after the intensive irrigation; however, the increase in the content of organic matter can be explained by the accumulation of the organic matter transported by irrigation water, conditions of waterlogging, and types of crops (vegetable/cereals). As to the quality of groundwater, nitrate is the dominant nitrogen component entering groundwater and it is very alarming that by 45% of water sources (springs, wells, and boreholes) the nitrate contents are over 50 mg/l. It is a serious problem because it serves as a drinking water supply for the local population. Moreover, this water is highly mineralized (electric conductivity > 1000 µS/cm) because of the intensive use of artificial fertilizers and to the poor quality of water irrigation. The contamination by organochlorine pesticides is below the value admitted by the WHO for water resources. Endosulfan is the most dominant active ingredient with an average concentration of 0.066 µg/l.
Keywords: agricultural intensification, contamination, fertilizers, irrigation, organochlorine pesticides
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 97-104
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/81/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/81/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:2:id:81-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ondřej JAKŠÍK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
Author-Name: Radka KODEŠOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
Author-Name: Aleš KAPIČKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geophysics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Aleš KLEMENT
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
Author-Name: Miroslav FÉR
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
Author-Name: Antonín NIKODEM
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
Title: Using magnetic susceptibility mapping for assessing soil degradation due to water erosion
Abstract: This study focused on developing a method for estimating topsoil organic carbon content from measured mass-specific magnetic susceptibility in Chernozems heavily affected by water erosion. The study was performed on a 100 ha area, whereby 202 soil samples were taken. A set of soil samples was divided into 3 subsets: A (32 samples), B (67 samples), and C (103 samples). The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility using low (χlf) and high (χhf) frequency, and organic carbon content were measured at all soil samples. The contents of iron and manganese, extracted with a dithionite-citrate solution (Fed, Mnd) and ammonium oxalate (Feo, Mno), were quantified in A and B samples. Models for predicting organic carbon content from magnetic susceptibilities were designed as follows: (1) subset A was used as the training set for calibration, and subsets B and C were used as the test sets for model validation, either separately (subset B only), or together (merged subsets B and C); (2) merged subsets A and B were used as the training set and subset C was used as the test set. Results showed very close correlations between organic carbon content and all measured soil properties. Obtained models relating organic carbon content to mass-specific magnetic susceptibility successfully predicted soil organic carbon contents.
Keywords: arable land, geomorphologically diverse areas, Chernozem, magnetic susceptibility, soil organic carbon, spatial variability
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 105-113
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/233/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/233/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:2:id:233-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrej C. KIMURA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Author-Name: Maria Rita SCOTTI
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Title: Soil aggregation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as indicators of slope rehabilitation in the São Francisco River basin (Brazil)
Abstract: Anthropogenic activity along the Velhas River (São Francisco River basin) has destabilized the banks of the river channel across an urban fragment. To improve the physical stabilization, the base of the slope was stabilized with urban construction waste. After this, the slope was revegetated with native species and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) inoculation was applied with a successfully restoration of the vegetative cover and ecological functions. This study aims to evaluate the role of the AMF population in the soil aggregation and stabilization of the revegetated slope. The soil aggregation was higher at the experimental site than at the disturbed site, especially under the AMF inoculation. The aggregates improvement was accompanied by an increase of soil humic acid and glomalin contents 24 months after the transplantation despite a flood impact 12 months after the transplantation. A scatter plot based on Principal Component Analysis of aggregates Showed that the preserved site samples clustered with most of those from experimental site. However, some samples from experimetal site were found between those from preserved and disturbed sites. This result shows that the recovering site is evolving toward the conditions of the preserved site and that the rehabilitation process is in an intermediate phase related to the aggregate formation. The AMF inoculation of woody species was indicated in the rehabilitation procedures.
Keywords: glomalin, humic acids, landscape alteration, microbial biomass, river bank stabilization
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 114-123
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/23/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/23/2015-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Li YAN
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: LI Hui
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Workplace-Name: Inner Mongolia Herba Cistanches Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Jinjing ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Zhidan ZHANG
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Ping ZHU
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: Qiang GAO
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
Author-Name: LU Wenxi
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
Title: Response of organic nitrogen in Black Soil to long-term different fertilization and tillage practices in Northeast China
Abstract: A long-term (18 years) effect of different fertilization and tillage management practices- fallowing treatment (no fertilizer, no cultivation); CK (no fertilizer, cultivation); N (nitrogen fertilizer); NP (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer); NK (nitrogen and potassium fertilizer); PK (phosphorus and potassium fertilizer); NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer); M1NPK (chemical fertilizer plus manure); 1.5M1NPK (1.5 times M1NPK); NPKS (mineral fertilizer plus straw); Rot (3-year crop rotation of maize-maize-soybean with M1NPK), and M2NPK (2 times manure plus mineral fertilizer) - on the content of total nitrogen and organic forms of nitrogen and the nitrogen content in different particle-size fractions were studied in topsoil (0-20 cm) in Black Soil of NE China by using the methods of Bremner. The results showed that the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers could significantly increase the contents and proportions of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen forms in soil. Comparing to CK treatment, the content of total nitrogen and hydrolyzable nitrogen increased in the fallow and organic materials treatments. Compared with M1NPK treatment, rotation was more beneficial to increasing organic nitrogen content, especially remarkably increasing amino acid nitrogen. The nitrogen response of sand, silt, and clay was most sensitive on manure; the effects of fallow and manure treatments on sand were notable, the nitrogen content in sand with NPKS increased by 40.86% compared with CK treatment. Our results imply that fallow/rotation managements, and manure/straw application can improve soil fertility.
Keywords: cropping rotation, fallow management, hydrolyzable nitrogen, manure
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 124-130
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/32/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2015-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sajad MAZLOOMI
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Simin NASSERI
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Ramin NABIZADEH
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Kamiar YAGHMAEIAN
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Mahmood ALIMOHAMMADI
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Shahrokh NAZMARA
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Author-Name: Amir Hossein MAHVI
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Title: Remediation of fuel oil contaminated soils by activated persulfate in the presence of MnO2
Abstract: In this study, batch system experiments were carried out for evaluating the capability of persulfate (PS) to remediate fuel oil contaminated soils. Remediation was performed by spiking soil samples with fuel oil and then treating the mixture with sodium PS. Different controlling factors including pH (3, 6, and 9), PS concentrations (50-500 mmol/l), metal activators (ferrous sulfate, magnetite, and MnO2), and temperature (25, 40, and 60°C) were considered. Results proved that PS oxidation is effective in fuel oil degradation. The best PS : Fe2+ molar ratios were reported 400 : 2 and 250 : 1 for silty clay and loamy sand soil samples, respectively. Lower pH was more of interest in removal of fuel oil by PS oxidation. MnO2 improved fuel oil degradation when used together with metal activators. The results showed that when MnO2 was used together with ferrous sulfate and magnetite at acidic condition (pH = 3), the removal efficiencies were the best. Increasing temperature from 25 to 60°C improved the fuel oil degradation in the PS oxidation batch system. The results showed that activating PS by using ferrous sulfate along with MnO2 at acidic condition in 60°C could increase fuel oil degradation near to 58% in silty clay soil samples, while the degradation rate for loamy sand soil samples in similar conditions was 62%.
Keywords: fuel oil degradation, metal activators, persulfate oxidation, soil samples
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 131-138
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/39/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2015-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna JAROSIEWICZ
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
Author-Name: Zbigniew WITEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
Title: Is the atmosphere an important source of phosphorus in northern Poland?
Abstract: In this paper we determined the phosphorus (P) concentration in precipitation, and calculated the annual P deposition rate at three study sites located in northern Poland. We observed that the mean annual volume-weighted concentration of mineral phosphorus (Pmin) in wet deposition varies from site to site. The estimated annual wet deposition rate of Pmin in the study region amounted from 0.1 to 0.39 kg/ha. The concentration and deposition rate of Pmin in the southern part of the study region was significantly lower than that in the northern and central part. We detected that the Pmin deposition was strongly positively correlated with the fraction of arable land in the study site vicinity, and also positively correlated with the mineral P fertilizer consumption in the area. The mean annual volume-weighted concentration of Pmin in wet deposition varied from 0.015 mg/l in the area of the lowest arable land percentage and the lowest mineral fertilizer consumption, to 0.046 mg/l in the area where the arable lands comprise 84% of agricultural land, and mineral P fertilizer consumption exceeded 33 kg/ha. In the P soil surface balance the atmospheric wet deposition represents 2.1-5.6% of annual total inputs of total P. The level of atmospheric P input varies widely by catchment and is related to land use (fertilizing, intensity and type of crop production).
Keywords: non-point source, nutrient, pollution, precipitation
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 139-145
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/19/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2015-SWR.html
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