Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin KOČÁREK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
Author-Name: Haytbay ARTIKOV
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Author-Name: Karel VOŘÍŠEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic$2
Author-Name: Luboš BORŮVKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
Title: Pendimethalin degradation in soil and its interaction with soil microorganisms
Abstract: Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitrobenzenamine] is a herbicide used worldwide to control most annual grasses and common weeds in cereals, fruit, and vegetables. Its degradation in Haplic Chernozem under controlled greenhouse conditions was studied in this paper. The effect of recommended and doubled pendimethalin doses, as well as the effect of the biopreparate EM-EKO ProBio Plus on pendimethalin degradation in soil and on soil microorganisms was investigated. Pendimethalin half-life ranged from 24.4 to 34.4 days and the double dose did not increase the pendimethalin half-life. Thirty-eight days after pendimethalin application there was no statistical difference between the pendimethalin concentration in soil when applied at the recommended and doubled dose. No effect of pendimethalin on the amount or the activity of soil microorganisms was observed. The effect of EM-EKO ProBio Plus was apparent only on the first sampling of double-dose pendimethalin, however, this bio-preparate had no significant effect on the half-life of pendimethalin, as observed at the end of the experiment.
Keywords: biodegradation, half-life, persistence, pesticides
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 213-219
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/226/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/226/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:226-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petra BÍLÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Bořivoj ŠARAPATKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Ladislav ČÁP
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Title: The influence of type and dosage of exogenous organic matter on chosen biochemical soil properties
Abstract: Organic matter in soil is exposed to decomposition and other changes, and excessive loss of such matter is one of the most serious forms of degradation. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the application of various types of organic matter. These include exogenous organic matter (EOM), which originates, to a large extent, outside the agro-ecosystem. The aim of the presented research was to evaluate the influence of type and dosage of applied EOM on soil characteristics, specifically on the activity of selected soil enzymes which can respond quite sensitively to changes in land management as well as changes in environmental conditions. Nitrogen was supplied to the soil in a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers: in variants from 0-100% in various types of EOM, and 0-100% in mineral form respectively, with a resulting dosage of 200 kg N/ha. Enzymes from the N, P and C cycles were chosen for evaluation of the influence of EOM on enzyme activity, focusing on the activity of urease, phosphatase and cellulase. In the research it was proven that application of EOM leads to relatively rapid changes in enzyme activity. Soil micro-organisms, and the processes they control, showed varying sensitivity to EOM application. Enzyme activity (cellulase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) was generally stimulated by the highest dosage of the tested EOM. This was not statistically confirmed in the case of urease activity. The research also confirmed that the decisive factor for cellulase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was the amount of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus supplied via EOM. The ratio of C : N in the applied EOM had an influence on the activity of urease and a slight dependence was proven in cellulase activity and acid phosphatase activity.
Keywords: enzyme activity, exogenous organic matter, phosphorus, soil, carbon
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 220-227
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/44/2016-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2016-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:44-2016-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irena BURZYŃSKA
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Raszyn, Poland
Title: Losses of soluble forms of organic carbon in relation to different agro-technical treatment of meadows
Abstract: Studies were performed to determine the loss of soluble forms of organic carbon in differently used meadows on mineral soil. In a long-term experiment two variants were distinguished: a productive meadow (N120-AN and N120-CN) and a non-productive one (Kp-AN, Kp-CN, Kz-AN, Kz-CN). Productive meadows were fertilized with 120 kg N/ha/year, 34.9 kg P/ha/year, and 149.4 kg K/ha/year and mown three times a year. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in a form of ammonium nitrate (AN) and calcium nitrate (CN). The only agro-technical measure applied to non-productive meadows was the regular cutting of vegetation and leaving it on the plots (variants: Kp-AN and Kp-CN) or taking it away from the plots (variants: Kz-AN, Kz-CN). Significant positive Pearson's linear correlations were found between pH (in CaCl2) of mineral soil and total organic carbon (TOC) content in the following variants: Kz-AN (r = 0.457**), N120-AN (r = 0.491**), and N120-CN (r = 0.424**) and in all meadows fertilized with AN (r = 0.243**). The obtained linear correlation coefficients between pH and TOC indicate that soil organic carbon may be lost as a result of progressive acidification of the soil. Dissolved organic carbon in the mineral meadow soil increased in the following order: Kp-CN > N120-CN > Kz-CN > N120-AN > Kp-AN > Kz-AN.
Keywords: dissolved organic carbon, meadow experiment, mineral soil, total organic carbon
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 228-234
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/46/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:46-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan HORÁK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Michal HEJCMAN
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Contamination characteristics of the confluence of polluted and unpolluted rivers - range and spatial distribution of contaminants of a significant mining centre (Kutná Hora, Czech Republic)
Abstract: The study brings new insights into the topic of the contamination characteristics of the mining region of Kutná Hora (Central Bohemia). The previous meta-analysis of the contamination studies showed that there could be a surprisingly low spatial range of contaminated river sediment downstream of Kutná Hora. The study should answer the question as to whether it is justifiable to interpret the presence of contaminants as a result of Kutná Hora mining. There was found a rapid increase in concentrations between the background area and contaminated Kutná Hora. Increase of medians (in mg/kg) of As: 33 and 148, Cu: 34 and 57, Pb: 35 and 82, Zn: 85 and 232; means increased ca 10 times. Then a decrease between the contaminated area and the confluence area was observed. But this decrease was influenced by the presence of extreme values in the contaminated area and therefore it was observed only in means. Medians of the elements concentrations did not decrease. The concentrations of the elements decreased after the confluence to lower values, but they stayed at the contaminated area levels. The background levels were observed only in the probes related to Labe alluvium. But also in these probes, the contamination was traced by multivariate analyses - by clear separation of As, Cu, Pb, Zn from other elements. The contamination was manifested in probes after the confluence mainly in the topsoil levels of alluvium, ca. in 10 to 40 cm. The original starting point of this study, that the contamination is not firmly manifested in the areas after the confluence, based on meta-analysis of regional studies, is not valid.
Keywords: 3D analysis, magnetic susceptibility, pollutant distribution, river sediments, spatial analysis, trace element
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 235-243
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/118/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/118/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:118-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan KOŘÍNEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Olga NEKARDOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Pavel KOVÁŘ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: The influence of woven geotextiles on ponding time and overland flow
Abstract: Nowadays, both synthetic and natural geotextiles are used to mitigate water erosion processes on hillslopes. Jute and coir are most suitable materials for the production of woven geotextiles. They are used for a variety of purposes - from natural fibre composite building materials to a soil protective agent. They were tested under laboratory conditions, without soil. This enabled us to focus on the reaction of the woven geotextiles to simulated rainfall. ECC 700 (coir), ECC 400 (coir), and ECJ 500 (jute) were tested. The Norton Ladder Rainfall Simulator was selected for spraying. Each simulated rainfall event lasted 15 min. An artificial hillslope with a gradient of 7.2 degrees was used. Jute absorbed water more effectively than both types of coir, and ECC 400 was more effective than ECC 700. The measured values were entered into the KINFIL hydrological model, which confirmed a positive impact of jute on delaying the ponding time and on reducing the total discharge. In practice, it can be suggested that jute prevents drying of the soil better than coir, and thus promotes better vegetation growth. The results also demonstrated that jute material is suitable for erosion control of hillslope surface for a short time (the time of the grass cover reinforcement), because it has good adhesion and reduces the total overland flow in an effective manner.
Keywords: hillslope, jute and coir materials, KINFIL hydrological model, Norton Ladder Rainfall Simulator
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 244-249
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/4/2016-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2016-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:4-2016-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reinhard NOLZ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Author-Name: Willibald LOISKANDL
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Author-Name: Gerhard KAMMERER
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Author-Name: Margarita L. HIMMELBAUER
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Title: Survey of soil water distribution in a vineyard and implications for subsurface drip irrigation control
Abstract: Controlling a subsurface drip irrigation system based on soil water monitoring is a very efficient way to supply grapevines with water for optimal thriving and high vintage quality. However, finding an adequate location for sensor installation is a great challenge due to the well-known spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture and possible measurement uncertainties. The variations depend on soil structure, soil hydraulic properties, or plant water uptake, for instance. Subsequently, these factors are influenced by management practices such as soil cultivation or cover cropping. The main objective of this study was to gain experience in order to give recommendations for soil water monitoring in a vineyard in accordance to local management practices. Soil moisture was surveyed across a study plot in a vineyard. A gouge auger was used to obtain soil samples from both sides of two vine rows for determining gravimetric water content. Volumetric soil water content was measured near the vine rows by inserting a portable soil water probe into pre-installed access tubes. Soil water variability was investigated under rain-fed conditions, and before and after a subsurface drip irrigation event. Differences were considered between inter-rows that were frequently tilled and those with permanent crop cover. In the first of two study years the variability of soil water content was small as the soil characteristics were relatively homogeneous across the plot and the atmospheric conditions were rather wet. In the second year the deviations were greater due to the more dynamic outer conditions. The alternating cultivation of every second inter-row had a substantial effect on soil water distribution in both years. Representative monitoring across the entire plot should thus consider all inter-rows with distinct cultivation. However, a more efficient procedure is recommended as a basis for irrigation control, considering the uncertainties caused by spatial variability.
Keywords: gravimetric water content, Sentek Diviner, spatio-temporal variability, volumetric water content
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 250-258
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/170/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/170/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:170-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erika Tobiašová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Gabriela Barančíková
Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute - National Agriculture and Food Centre, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Erika Gömöryová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Jarmila Makovníková
Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute - National Agriculture and Food Centre, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Rastislav Skalský
Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute - National Agriculture and Food Centre, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Ján Halas
Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute - National Agriculture and Food Centre, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Štefan Koco
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Zuzana Tarasovičová
Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute - National Agriculture and Food Centre, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Jozef Takáč
Author-Workplace-Name: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute - National Agriculture and Food Centre, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: Miroslav Špaňo
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Title: Labile forms of carbon and soil aggregates
Abstract: Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the soil aggregation and vice versa, its incorporation into the soil aggregates is one of the mechanisms of soil organic carbon stabilization. In this study the influence of labile carbon fractions on the fractions of dry-sieved (DSA) and wet-sieved (WSA) macro-aggregates and the relationship between the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and its labile fractions in the soil and in the fractions of macro-aggregates were determined. The experiment included six soil types (Eutric Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, Rendzic Leptosol) in four ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem). In the case of DSA, the contents of labile fractions of carbon, in particular cold water extractable organic carbon (CWEOC) and hot water extractable organic carbon (HWEOC), had a higher impact on the proportions of larger fractions of macro-aggregates (3-7 mm), while in the case of WSA, the impact of labile fractions of carbon, mainly labile carbon (CL) oxidizable with KMnO4, was higher on the proportions of smaller fractions of aggregates (0.25-1 mm). The WSA size fraction of 0.5-1 mm seems an important indicator of changes in the ecosystems and its amounts were in a negative correlation with CL (r = -0.317; P < 0.05) and HWEOC (r = -0.356; P < 0.05). In the WSA and DSA size fractions 0.5-1 mm, the highest variability in the contents of TOC and CL was recorded in the forest ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > urban ecosystem > agro-ecosystem. The higher were the inputs of organic substances into the soil, the greater was the variability in their incorporation into the soil aggregates. The influence of the content of TOC and its labile forms on their contents in the DSA and WSA was different, and the contents of TOC and CL in the aggregates were more significantly affected by the CL content than by water soluble carbon. In the case of WSA fractions, their carbon content was more affected in the 1-2 mm than in 0.5-1 mm fraction.
Keywords: ecosystem, labile carbon, macro-aggregates, soil type
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 259-266
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/182/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/182/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:182-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Markéta BÁČOVÁ
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: Josef KRÁSA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Application of historical and recent aerial imagery in monitoring water erosion occurrences in Czech highlands
Abstract: This study is focused on the historical evolution of a heavily eroded field with discontinuous grass cover on a major thalweg (ephemeral gully). Tens of parcels originally formed a protective pattern in the study area, and the thalweg was permanently covered with grass. During the period of collectivization, the field structure had been unified into a compact 34 ha parcel, which resulted in the formation of ephemeral gullies after every heavy rainfall event. Historical and recent aerial photographs were used to analyze the erosion occurrences, vegetation degradation connected with the erosion processes, and the land-use pattern. The visual erosion pattern assessment has indicated that in this field, rills and other erosion manifestations have repeatedly developed in the same locations in different time periods. The soil erosion hazard was also modelled by the new Czech erosion model Atlas EROZE. A comparison between the modelling results and the assessment of real visual data shows that areas at risk can be identified by both these methods. In addition, the land-use pattern was modelled using two different scenarios. The results suggest that soil erosion can be significantly reduced by segmentation of the field into smaller plots.
Keywords: Atlas EROZE model, erosion modelling, land-use changes, remote sensing, soil erosion
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 267-276
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/178/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/178/2015-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:178-2015-SWR

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej WALEGA
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management and
Author-Name: Leszek KSIAZEK
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Management and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
Title: Influence of rainfall data on the uncertainty of flood simulation
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of factors related to rainfall data on the uncertainty flood simulation. The calculations were based on a synthetic unit hydrograph NRCS-UH. Simulation uncertainty was determined by means of GLUE method. The calculations showed that in the case of a catchment with limited meteorological data, it is better to use rainfall data from a single station located within the catchment, than to take into account the data from higher number of stations, but located outside the catchment area. The parameters of the NRCS-UH model (curve number and initial abstraction) were found to be less variable when the input contained rainfall data from a single rainfall station. It was also manifested by a lower uncertainty of the simulation results for the variant with one rainfall station, as compared to the variant based on the use of averaged rainfall in the catchment.
Keywords: calibration, GLUE method, model quality, rainfall-runoff model
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: 277-284
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/156/2015-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/156/2015-SWR.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:  editors
Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 11
Journal: Soil and Water Research
Pages: X1
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Year: 2016
DOI: 10.17221/9228-SWR
File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9228-SWR.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:11:y:2016:i:4:id:9228-SWR