Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vítězslav VLČEK Author-Name: Ľubica POSPÍŠILOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Peter UHLÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Mineralogy and chemical composition of Cryosols and Andosols in Antarctica Abstract: Variations in mineralogical and elemental composition of Turbic Cryosol (King George Island and James Ross Island), Skeletic Cryosol (J. Ross Island, the Trinity Peninsula), Leptic Andosols (Deception Island), and Skeletic Andosols (Deception Island) were studied. Significant differences in mineralogical composition in size fraction, vertical and horizontal position were determined by X-ray diffraction quantitative analysis. The differences were attributed to a variable degree of chemical weathering process. As a product of weathering were defined montmorillonite, chlorite, microcrystalline polymorphous silica, Fe oxides, and oxyhydroxides. Their content was increased towards the surface and in a finer fraction. Crystal thickness and size distribution of montmorillonite was measured by the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique and the results confirmed higher intensity of chemical weathering in Turbic Cryosols (J. Ross Island and King George Island). Feldspars and volcanic glass were the main phases found in soil samples from Deception Island. They were determined as phases of parent rock and indicated low intensity of chemical weathering. Clinoptilolite was identified in soil samples from J. Ross Island and Deception Islad and its hydrothermal origin was supposed. Soil (sample AP) from Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme had significantly higher content of phosphate minerals, which was a result of ornithogenic activities. Macro elements content was consistent with mineralogical analyses. Turbic Cryosols were rich in iron, aluminium, magnesium, and manganese (> 2%). Skeletic Cryosols contained also iron, aluminium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, and sulphur (> 1%). Leptic Andosols were rich in iron and aluminium (> 2%). Soil properties and humic substances quality were evaluted. Results of chemical and physical analyses indicated that poorly developed soils of Antarctica varied in acidity, conductivity, humus content, and texture. Humic substances content and quality were low. Mainly mechanical (physical) and chemical weathering processes played major role in the soil development accompanied by low intensity of biological activity. Keywords: King George Island, Deception Island, James Ross Island, weathering, mineralogical composition, clay mineral Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 61-73 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/231/2016-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/231/2016-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201802-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:2:id:231-2016-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shaoping KUANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environment and Safety Engineering and Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: SU Yaqing Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China Author-Name: Jinghuan ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environment and Safety Engineering and Author-Name: Zhen SONG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environment and Safety Engineering and Author-Name: Huihui WANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Environment and Safety Engineering and Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: YU Wenjuan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China Title: Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Shengli Oil Field, China Abstract: The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority pollutant list, were studied in ten different soil samples from Shengli Oil Field, China. The total PAHs concentrations in the sampled soils attained 1214.9-2965.1 ng/g (2159.6 ng/g on average). The highest total PAHs concentration was in the soil with a huge content of oil sludge, while the lowest was in fine soil environment areas. The soil contamination with PAHs in the study areas was classified as severe. The major pollutants were naphthalene, phenathrene, fluorine (Flu), pyrene (Pyr), while the detected concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene was relatively low. Among the 16 kinds of PAHs, the concentration increased in the order: 6 rings < 5 rings < 4 rings < 2 rings < 3 rings. The ratios of Flu/(Flu + Pyr) and indeno benzene(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IP)/(IP + BaP) were 0.46-0.48, and 0.36-0.64, respectively. Our results suggest that the main sources of PAHs were petroleum extraction and petroleum combustion. In addition, a small amount of PAHs originated from combustion of grass, woods, and coal. Keywords: content, oil sludge, PAHs, petroleum extraction, petroleum combustion Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 74-82 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/35/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201802-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:2:id:35-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edin SALKOVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Author-Name: Igor DJUROVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Author-Name: Mirko KNEŽEVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Author-Name: Vesna POPOVIĆ-BUGARIN Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Author-Name: Ana TOPALOVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Title: Digitization and mapping of national legacy soil data of Montenegro Abstract: This paper describes the process of digitizing Montenegro's legacy soil data, and an initial attempt to use it for digital soil mapping (DSM) purposes. The handwritten legacy numerical records of physical and chemical properties for more than 10 000 soil profiles and semi-profiles covering whole Montenegro have been digitized, and, out of those, more than 3000 have been georeferenced. Problems and challenges of digitization addressed in the paper are: processing of non-uniform handwritten numerical records, parsing a complex textual representation of those records, georeferencing the records using digitized (scanned) legacy soil maps, creating a single computer database containing all digitized records, transforming, cleaning and validating the data. For an initial assessment of the suitability of these data for mapping purposes, inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), multiple linear regression (LR), and regression-kriging (RK) interpolation models were applied to create thematic maps of soil phosphorus. The area chosen for mapping is a 400 km2 area near the city of Cetinje, containing 125 data points. LR and RK models were developed using publicly available digital elevation model (DEM) data and satellite global land survey (GLS) data as predictor variables. The digitized phosphorus quantities were normalized and scaled. The predictor variables were scaled, and principal component analysis was performed. For the best performing RK model an R2 value of 0.23 was obtained. Keywords: digital elevation model, georeferencing, kriging, multiple linear regression, parsing, soil phosphorus Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 83-89 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/81/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/81/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201802-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:2:id:81-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qingfeng ZHANG Author-Name: Jian WANG Author-Workplace-Name: Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China Author-Name: WU Faqi Author-Workplace-Name: Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China Title: Spatial heterogeneity of surface roughness on tilled loess slopes in erosion stages Abstract: The main soil erosion areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau are tilled slopes. The knowledge of their spatial heterogeneity will contribute to the understanding of erosion mechanisms on a microtopographic scale. In this study, the spatial heterogeneity of four conventionally tilled slopes was examined under simulated rainfall conditions using a semivariogram-based methodological framework. Results show that all tilled slopes have a relatively stable spatial structure and the erosion stages of all tilled slopes have a similar spatial variability. The rainfall in the splash, sheet, and rill erosion stages has a degree of relief effect, strengthening effect, and relief effect on the surface roughness, respectively. However, the effects of tillage practices and slope gradient on the spatial heterogeneity are much larger than those of the rainfall. The spatial heterogeneity decreases with increasing slope gradient. The general autocorrelation scale of the tilled slopes is 3.15 m and their fractal dimension ranges from 1.59 to 1.85. The tilled slopes have certain anisotropy with respect to the slope direction from 10° to 22.5° while they show isotropy or weaker anisotropy in other directions. In this work, a semivariogram-based methodological framework was established for the spatial heterogeneity of microtopographic-scale slopes. The results also provide a theoretical foundation for future tillage measures on sloping fields of the Loess Plateau. Keywords: erosion effect, semivariogram, surface roughness, tillage measures Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 90-97 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/130/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/130/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201802-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:2:id:130-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavel KOVÁŘ Author-Name: Darya FEDOROVA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hana BAČINOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Implementation of the curve number method and the KINFIL model in the Smeda Catchment to mitigate overland flow with the use of terraces Abstract: The Smeda catchment, where the Smeda Brook drains an area of about 26 km2, is located in northern Bohemia in the Jizerské hory Mts. This experimental mountain catchment with the Bily Potok downstream gauge profile was selected as a model area for simulating extreme rainfall-runoff processes, using the KINFIL model supplemented by the Curve Number (CN) method. The combination of methods applied here consists of two parts. The first part is an application of the CN theory, where CN is correlated with hydraulic conductivity Ks of the soil types, and also with storage suction factor Sf at field capacity FC: CN = f(Ks, Sf). The second part of the combined KINFIL/CN method, represented by the KINFIL model, is based on the kinematic wave method which, in combination with infiltration, mitigates the overland flow. This simulation was chosen as an alternative to an enormous amount of field measurements. The combination used here was shown to provide a successful method. However, practical application would require at least four sub-catchments, so that more terraces can be placed. The provision of effective measures will require more investment than is currently envisaged. Keywords: CN method, infiltration, kinematic KINFIL model, wave Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 98-107 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/163/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/163/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201802-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:2:id:163-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haytbay ARTIKOV Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Author-Name: Martin KOČÁREK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Author-Name: Adéla FRAŇKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Author-Name: Tokhtasin ABDRAKHMANOV Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Author-Name: Luboš BORŮVKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Author-Name: Umrbek SHARIPOV Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Title: Residues of organochlorine pesticides in irrigated sierozem-meadow soils around buried chemicals stock Abstract: The concentration and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were studied in sierozem-meadow soils around a buried obsolete chemicals stock in Mirzaabad district of Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan. 23 soil samples were collected from the topsoil (0-30 cm of soil depth) and 15 samples were collected from three soil profiles (down to 125 cm of soil depth) located in nearby vicinity of the stock. They were extracted using an automated Soxhlet extractor and analyses were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The detected OCPs were DDTs, HCHs, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlorpyrifos, and endosulfans. The concentration of HCH was detected only as α-HCH in the range of 0-3.159 μg/kg. Only two isomers of DDT: p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were found to be dominant, with the range of their values of 0.068-4.941 and 0-13.63 μg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and chlorpyrifos in the samples collected around the source were in the range of 0-0.504, 0-1.117, 2.414-20.87 μg/kg and 0-3.819 μg/kg. β-endosulfan varied from a non-detectable amount to 74.56 μg/kg. According to results, the sum of DDTs was observed to be higher in the upper horizons, especially at depths of 0-10 and 10-50 cm, with the values 543.15 and 212.22 μg/kg, respectively, which can be a cause of concern. Due to their ability to migrate in the environment, accumulate in the food chain and be harmful to human health, monitoring the level of residues of organochlorine pesticides in soil is of vital importance. Keywords: DDT, distribution, pollution, soil, source Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 108-114 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/131/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/131/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201802-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:2:id:131-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yang QIU Author-Workplace-Name: Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhongkui XIE Author-Name: Yajun WANG Author-Workplace-Name: Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Influence of gravel mulch on rainfall interception under simulated rainfall Abstract: To understand the hydrological outcomes of interception by gravel mulches, rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in the loess regions of northwestern China. The rainfall interception decreased with gravel size but increased with the thickness of the gravel mulch layer, following two exponential functions. Interception was 15.1% of the gross rainfall at 1 cm thickness, followed by 17.2, 20.9, 30.5 and 45.6 % at 3, 5, 7 and 10 cm thickness, respectively. For the equivalent gravel grain size of 3.43 mm, relative interception was 45.6%, which was about 1.1, 1.2, 1.4 and 2.3 times higher than that for the equivalent grain size of 11.01, 19.31, 32.8 and 43.72 mm, respectively. Keywords: gravel, interception, loess plateau, rainfall simulation Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 115-118 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/172/2016-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/172/2016-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201802-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:2:id:172-2016-SWR