Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 13 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: I-II Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/11359-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11359-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:11359-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darya FEDOROVA Author-Name: Pavel KOVÁŘ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan GREGAR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Andrea JELÍNKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana NOVOTNÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The use of Snyder synthetic hydrograph for simulation of overland flow in small ungauged and gauged catchments Abstract: The paper presents the results of simulated overland flow on the Třebsín experimental area, Czech Republic, using the Snyder synthetic unit hydrograph. In this research an attempt was made to discover a new approach to overland flow simulation that could give precise results like the KINFIL model for a small ungauged catchment. The provided results also include a comparison with the KINFIL model for N = 10, 20, 50 and 100 year recurrence of rainfall-runoff, with the rainfall time duration td = 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. Concerning a small gauged catchment, one of the most accurate and elegant methodologies, Matrix Inversion Model, can be used for the measurement of both the gross rainfall and the runoff. This method belongs to a matrix algebra concept. For the sake of completeness, we designated this model at the end of the present article to show how exact this forward march can be. Keywords: extreme rainfall, infiltration intensity, KINFIL model, Matrix Inversion Model, Snyder unit hydrograph Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 185-192 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/237/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/237/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201804-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:237-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erika TOBIAŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: 5 Author-Name: Gabriela BARANČÍKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovakia Author-Name: Erika GÖMÖRYOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia;$2 Author-Name: Štefan KOCO Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovakia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia Author-Name: Ján HALÁS Author-Workplace-Name: National Agriculture and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, Slovakia Author-Name: Božena DĘBSKA Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: Magdalena BANACH-SZOTT Author-Workplace-Name: University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: The proportion of soil aggregates in dependence on the fraction composition of humic substances Abstract: Humic substances (HS) are an important stabilizing element in the formation of soil aggregates. The experiment included 6 soil types (Haplic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Cutanic Luvisol, Haplic Cambisol, Haplic Planosol, Rendzic Leptosol), each in four types of ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystems). Soil macroaggregates were separated with the sieve (dry and wet sieve) to size fractions of net aggregates; humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) were divided into 3(4) fractions: free and bound with mobile R2O3, bound with Ca2+, and bound with mineral components and stable R2O3. The influence of HA and FA fractions on the proportion of dry-sieved macroaggregates (DSA) and wet-sieved macroaggregates (WSA) was different. Mainly HA bound with polyvalent cations had a positive influence. In the case of HS, their influence depends also on the components with which HA and FA are bound. WSA of the 0.5-1 mm size fraction that is an important indicator of changes in ecosystems, had a higher proportion in the ecosystems influenced by man (agro-ecosystem > urban >) than in the ecosystems close to nature (> meadow > forest ecosystems). The influence of ecosystem was reflected in the proportion of those fractions of DSA and WSA on which the effect of soil type and HS was not shown, and vice versa. Keywords: dry-sieved and water-resistant macroaggregates, ecosystem, fulvic acids, humic acids Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 193-199 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/207/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/207/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201804-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:207-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gholamreza ZAREIAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Hady FARPOOR Author-Name: Majid HEJAZI-MEHRIZI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Author-Name: Azam JAFARI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Title: Kinetics of non-exchangeable potassium release in selected soil orders of southern Iran Abstract: Non-exchangeable K release can greatly influence soil K fertility. This study was carried out to study the release of non-exchangeable K from 22 surface and subsurface soils of southern Iran using successive extraction with 10 mmol/l of CaCl2 and oxalic acid in a period of 2-1368 h at 25 ± 1°C. Alfisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Histosols were among the studied soil orders. Illite, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, kaolinite and palygorskite clay minerals were identified. The amount of non-exchangeable K varied from 95 to 506 mg/kg. Results showed that CaCl2 and oxalic acid released 60 and 55% of non-exchangeable K from soils, respectively. The discontinuity in slope was found when the cumulative amount of released K was plotted versus time, supporting the multi-reactive nature of K exchange sites. The cumulative K release in soils ranged from 87 to 300 mg/kg for CaCl2 and 78 to 300 mg/kg for oxalic acid which was well described by simplified Elovich and power function equations. The b constant of simplified Elovich as an index of non-exchangeable K release rate was in the range of 10 to 36 mg/kg for CaCl2 and 11 to 36 mg/kg for oxalic acid. The highest b constant was measured in Inceptisols and Alfisols, while the lowest values were found in Entisols and Histosols. In conclusion, the K release pattern was similar for both extractants and affected by clay content and type, and soil depth. Keywords: calcium chloride, clay mineralogy, kinetic equations, organic acid Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 200-207 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/138/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/138/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201804-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:138-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří VRTIŠKA Author-Name: Josef KŘEČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Roberto TOGNETTI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests (MOUNTFOR), Molise, Italy Title: Indication of environmental changes in mountain catchments by dendroclimatology Abstract: In the Czech Republic, mountain watersheds are mostly forested with dominant Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantations. The aim of this paper is to analyse changes in radial growth and xylem anatomy of Norway spruce trees in the upper plain of the Jizera Mountains, related to changes in climate (air temperature, precipitation), air pollution and acid atmospheric deposition. Data of two neighbouring climate stations were used to detect trends in air temperatures and precipitation. At elevations of 745-1060 m a.s.l., the ring-width growth was significantly affected by mean annual temperature, while impacts of elevation and precipitation were not significant. In the period 1975-1995, the detected drop in tree radial growth (ca 60% of the normal period, prior to the peak of acid atmospheric deposition) corresponded to the increase in atmospheric SO2 concentrations and acid atmospheric deposition. The number of cells in tree rings decreased by ca 30-40% in comparison with the normal period, but the mean size of cells did not change significantly. In the last 20 years, increasing radial growth has been detected simultaneously with rising air temperature, and density of cells decreased by 30% in early wood, and by 10% in late wood, increasing the total number of cells in tree rings by ca 10% in comparison with the normal period. Integrated effects of climate and non-climate variables on the variation of tree radial growth in the Jizera Mountains reflected the legacy of acid atmospheric deposition in the forest ecosystem. Keywords: acid atmospheric deposition, climate change dendrochronology, mountain watersheds, wood anatomy Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 208-217 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/199/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/199/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201804-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:199-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saowanee WIJITKOSUM Title: Fuzzy AHP for drought risk assessment in Lam Ta Kong watershed, the north-eastern region of Thailand Abstract: Droughts occur from a combination of natural factors and human activities rather than just a single natural cause. Spatial factors have also heavily influenced the causes of draught. This study was conducted in the Lam Ta Kong watershed, Thailand. In this study, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method was applied to evaluate the risk of agricultural drought and the GIS technique was employed to give full consideration to the ambiguity and uncertainty of the agricultural drought risk. There are five risk factors to consider in the agricultural drought risk assessment and they are divided in a total of fifteen criteria: physical factors (slope gradient and elevation), climatic (rainfall and aridity index), soil (texture, drainage, fertility, erosion, and soil salinity), land utilization (land use and land cover) and water resources (precipitation days, stream density, distance from an irrigation canal, and groundwater volume). These criteria determine the weight and score used to evaluate their parental risk factors. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied together with the triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) method to assess the data obtained from the criteria to achieve the drought risk assessment. The results indicated that the overall risk of the Lam Ta Kong area was at a moderate risk of agricultural drought (50.45%), of which 15.63% of the total area was at a high risk of agricultural drought. Moreover, 0.40% of the total area located at the central part of the watershed was at a very high risk which was due to its saline soil with > 50% dense salt crust. This research indicated that the major factors causing droughts in the watershed were related to the soil factors, especially soil texture, soil fertility and soil salinity. These soil factors were considered as the driving factors of drought. The results of this study can be used for land use planning and water resource management in order to prepare for droughts in the watershed. Keywords: agricultural drought, defuzzification, drought index, drought risk, FAHP Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 218-225 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/158/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/158/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201804-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:158-2017-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan PETRŮ Author-Name: Jana KALIBOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Measurement and computation of kinetic energy of simulated rainfall in comparison with natural rainfall Abstract: Rainfall characteristics such as total amount and rainfall intensity (I) are important inputs in calculating the kinetic energy (KE) of rainfall. Although KE is a crucial indicator of the raindrop potential to disrupt soil aggregates, it is not a routinely measured meteorological parameter. Therefore, KE is derived from easily accessible variables, such as I, in empirical laws. The present study examines whether the equations which had been derived to calculate KE of natural rainfall are suitable for the calculation of KE of simulated rainfall. During the experiment presented in this paper, the measurement of rainfall characteristics was carried out under laboratory conditions using a rainfall simulator. In total, 90 measurements were performed and evaluated to describe the rainfall intensity, drop size distribution and velocity of rain drops using the Thies laser disdrometer. The duration of each measurement of rainfall event was 5 minutes. Drop size and fall velocity were used to calculate KE and to derive a new equation of time-specific kinetic energy (KEtime - I). When comparing the newly derived equation for KE of simulated rainfall with the six most commonly used equations for KEtime - I of natural rainfall, KE of simulated rainfall was discovered to be underestimated. The higher the rainfall intensity, the higher the rate of underestimation. KE of natural rainfall derived from theoretical equations exceeded KE of simulated rainfall by 53-83% for I = 30 mm/h and by 119-275% for I = 60 mm/h. The underestimation of KE of simulated rainfall is probably caused by smaller drops formed by the rainfall simulator at higher intensities (94% of all drops were smaller than 1 mm), which is not typical of natural rainfall. Keywords: disdrometer, drop size distribution, rainfall intensity, rainfall simulator Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 226-233 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/218/2016-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/218/2016-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201804-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:218-2016-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoming WAN Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Junxing YANG Author-Name: Wei SONG Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Pollution status of agricultural land in China: impact of land use and geographical position Abstract: According to the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan released in May 2016, the soil quality of 666 666.7 ha of agricultural soil requires remediation before 2020. Despite the survey on the environmental quality of soil in China released in 2014, detailed data on current pollutant concentrations remain unavailable. To date, reports on soil environmental quality on the national scale are few. The current research aimed to gain a detailed understanding of soil pollution in China through literature study and data analysis. Data for eight potentially toxic elements (i.e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)) and two organic pollutants (i.e., hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs)) were collected from 367 areas involving 163 prefecture-level cities. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis were conducted to understand the relationships among pollutants. Results indicated that organic pollution was less severe than inorganic pollution. In terms of land-use types, garden soil showed the heaviest pollution, followed by arable land and woodland. Regarding geographic distribution, the south central and southwest areas displayed heavy pollution. Principal component and clustering analyses revealed that As, Hg, HCH, and DDTs were mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources; Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were primarily caused by natural background; and Cd and Pb were contributed by both sources. The soil pollution status varied among land-use types and geographic areas. The implementation of proper remediation strategies requires detailed investigations on soil environmental quality. Keywords: environmental hazard, land use, organic contaminants, soil contamination, toxic elements Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 234-242 Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/211/2017-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/211/2017-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-201804-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:13:y:2018:i:4:id:211-2017-SWR