Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Index of Volume 15 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: I-II Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/12925-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12925-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:12925-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Feng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Resource and Environmental Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Rongping Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Weimin Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiawei Liang Author-Workplace-Name: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinrong Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China Title: Influences of a vermicompost application on the phosphorus transformation and microbial activity in a paddy soil Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a vermicompost (VC) application on the phosphorus (P) transformation and microbial activity in a paddy soil. Changes in the following P forms were investigated: resin-P, concentrated HCl extracted inorganic (C.HCl-Pi) and organic P (C.HCl-Po), diluted HCl extracted inorganic P (D.HCl-Pi), NaHCO3 extracted inorganic (NaHCO3-Pi) and organic P (NaHCO3-Po), NaOH extracted inorganic (NaOH-Pi) and organic P (NaOH-Po), and residual P. The results showed that the vermicompost application significantly (P < 0.05) affected the pH, redox potential (Eh), water soluble Fe(II), HCl-extractable Fe(II), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass P (MBP), MBC/MBP ratio, and acid phosphatase activity (APA) of the paddy soil. In particular, the HCl-extractable Fe(II) increased by 25-56% with the vermicompost application when compared to the control (CK). With the exception of C.HCl-Pi, the vermicompost application greatly increased the contents of the various P forms in the soil. In particular, the labile P (resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, and NaHCO3-Po) and moderately stable P (NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po) were significantly (P < 0.01) increased. The correlation analyses showed that NaHCO3-Pi was significantly and positively related to the MBC, MBP, and APA, while NaHCO3-Po was significantly and negatively related to the MBC, MBP, and APA. Both NaOH-Pi and C.HCl-Pi were significantly and negatively related to the APA. Both NaOH-Po and C.HCl-Po were significantly and positively related to the MBP, while NaOH-Pi was significantly and negatively related to the MBP. These results indicated that a vermicompost application could effectively enhance the dissolution and reduction of Fe and the consequent mobilisation of NaOH-Pi. In addition, the vermicompost application significantly (P < 0.01) increased the APA and effectively mobilised the NaOH-Po. Keywords: iron, microbial biomass phosphorus, phosphorus fractions, pot experiment Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 199-210 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/91/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/91/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202004-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:91-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Balík Author-Name: Martin Kulhánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jindřich Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej Sedlář Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Suran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Potassium fractions in soil and simple K balance in long-term fertilising experiments Abstract: Experiments were used to determine the potassium release from the non-exchangeable K (Kne) forms that are involved in plant nutrition and which replenish the pool of available K. Long-term stationary field experiments with different fertilisation systems (organic: farmyard manure, sewage sludge, straw; mineral: NPK, N) were carried out to study the potassium balance and the K content changes in the topsoil (0-30 cm) and subsoil (30-60 cm). The trials were located at three sites with different soil-climatic conditions. The following crops were rotated within the trial: potatoes (maize) - winter wheat - spring barley. All three crops were grown each year over 21 years. Positive correlations between the contents of the available K in the topsoil and the potassium balance (K inputs - K outputs) were observed. There were no statistically significant differences among the treatments. Depending on the soil properties, the ratio of non-exchangeable K (Kne) was 12-37% of the values obtained via the aqua regia extraction. Depending on the site, the amount released from the Kne forms to the available K form was 46-69 kg K/ha/ year. The use of K from the farmyard manure varied from 7.4% up to 25%. Due to the low K content in the sewage sludge, the long-term fertilisation with sludge may only lead to the depletion of the available K in the soil, similar to the sole N mineral fertilisation. Keywords: exchangeable and non-exchangeable K, farmyard manure, mineral fertilisation, sewage sludge, straw Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 211-219 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/151/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/151/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202004-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:151-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jinquan Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Jiangsu University, Ministry of Education, Zhenjiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Weiguo Fu Title: Sponge effect of aerated concrete on phosphorus adsorption-desorption from agricultural drainage water in rainfall Abstract: In the initial stage of the rainfall, the nutrient element phosphorus (P) in the farmland, one of the most important factors causing agricultural non-point source pollution, flows into agriculture drainage ditches rapidly, and an instantaneous phosphorus peak value in the ditch water often occurs. Aerated concrete with high P adsorption properties was chosen as the experiment material in the laboratory to reduce the instantaneous P peak value in the drainage water in the initial stage of the rainfall. The three total P (TP) concentrations of the simulated drainage water (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/L) stood for three treatments were designed in the adsorption experiment; the same three TP concentrations of the simulated drainage water and the three TP concentrations of the simulated natural water (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mg/L) stood for nine treatments in the desorption experiment. The sponge effect of the aerated concrete on the P adsorption-desorption was explored by studying the dynamics of the P adsorption-desorption of the aerated concrete with an increase in the experiment's time. The results showed the following details: (1) Both the adsorption rate and desorption rate of the aerated concrete decrease with an increase in the experiment's time. The initial adsorption is dominant during the entire adsorption, as with the initial desorption during the entire desorption. (2) The adsorption capacity of the aerated concrete slightly decreases with the increase in the re-adsorption, whereas the desorption capacity of the aerated concrete significantly decreases with the increase in the re-desorption. Thus, the aerated concrete can be introduced into the agricultural drainage ditch to reduce the instantaneous P peak value in the drainage water in the initial stage of the rainfall, and potential further studies should explore the relationship between the different drainage water loads and the amount of the aerated concrete. Keywords: aerated concrete, adsorption-desorption, agricultural drainage, sponge effect Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 220-227 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/118/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/118/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202004-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:118-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Horáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lubica Pospíšilová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vítězslav Vlček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Menšík Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Crop Management Systems, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Changes in the soil's biological and chemical properties due to the land use Abstract: Increasing the soil productivity is challenged by the increasing biotic threat to plants and microorganisms, by the resistance to agrochemicals, and by the declining soil health. Soil management strategy is, therefore, aimed at erosion prevention and the minimisation of soil organic matter losses. A key factor in an agroecosystem is the appropriate biological stability. It is essential not only at present, but also for further sustainable agriculture. This study was based on the hypothesis that afforestation and conversion from arable land to permanent grassland improves the organic matter status and biological stability in the agroecosystem. The experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2018 in the Uhřice bio-corridor (Kroměříž region, the Czech Republic). Haplic Luvisol has been investigated for its basic biological and chemical properties after the arable land was converted to a natural vegetation system. The afforested segment (F), permanent grassland segment (G), and arable land segment (A) have been sampled in the upper soil horizon (0-0.30 m). Standard analytical methods were applied for the determination of the basic soil properties. A principal component analysis and factor analysis were used for interpreting the connection between the parameters of the soil organic carbon, the humic substances, the humic acids, and the fulvic acids, the agrochemical properties of the soil (the pH, the content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc.), and the soil biological properties (basal soil respiration (BSR), the ratios of the N/BSR, NG/BSR, etc.). After five years of investigation, the differences in the studied parameters were evident. The factor analysis and multivariate exploratory techniques showed that the soil properties were grouped based on the management into three different categories - F, G and A. The different land use directly influenced the quality and stability of the humic substances, basal soil respiration, and carbon and nitrogen utilisation. In comparison to the arable land, the forest and grassland were considered to have a higher accumulation potential of carbon and nitrogen. A negative correlation between the soil basal respiration (r = -0.95); total nitrogen (r = -0.93); total organic carbon (Cox) content (r = -0.82); and partial Ca (r = -0.82) was found. A positive correlation (r = 0.80) between the humic substances (C-HS) and soil reaction (pH) was determined. Keywords: biological and chemical soil properties, Haplic Luvisol, multivariate statistical techniques Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 228-236 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/44/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202004-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:44-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Custodio Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Perú Author-Name: Daniel Álvarez Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto Geof ísico del Perú, Lima, Perú Author-Name: Walter Cuadrado Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Tarma, Perú Author-Name: Raúl Montalvo Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Perú Author-Name: Salomé Ochoa Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Perú Title: Potentially toxic metals and metalloids in surface water intended for human consumption and other uses in the Mantaro River watershed, Peru Abstract: The concentration of Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As in the surface water intended for human consumption and other uses in the Mantaro River basin were analysed using multivariate methods. The water samples were collected from seven water bodies in the Junín region in June 2019, in the low discharge period. In each body of water, a sector with six sampling sites was established. The Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As contents were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The correlation analysis revealed positive and significant correlations (P < 0.05) for the Zn/Pb, Pb/Fe and Zn/Fe pairs with a good association, higher than 0.80 and for the Pb/Cu, Fe/Cu, As/Pb and As/Zn pairs a weak degree of association (P < 0.05). The analysis of the main components showed three components with their own values > 1. The hierarchical grouping analysis classified the evaluated water bodies into three groups according to the concentration of the Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As. The high concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic recorded in the CIMIRM and MERIS irrigation channels reveal that the Mantaro River continues to be a sink for mine wastewater discharges and runoff from mining liabilities at the headwaters of the Mantaro basin. It is, therefore, necessary to implement urgent management policies to control and reduce the levels of contamination by potentially toxic metals and metalloids in the Mantaro River. Keywords: arsenic, heavy metals, human consumption, Mantaro River, water quality, watershed Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 237-245 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/152/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/152/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202004-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:152-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří Brychta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyně University, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martina Brychtová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environment, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Possibilities of including surface runoff barriers in the slope-length factor calculation in the GIS environment and its integration in the user-friendly LS-RUSLE tool Abstract: The effect of the morphology is key aspect of erosion modelling. In Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) type methods, this effect is expressed by the topographic factor (LS). The LS calculation in GIS is performed by a unit contributing area (UCA) method and can mainly be influenced by the pixel resolution, by the flow direction algorithm and by the inclusion of a hydrologically closed unit (HCU) principle, the cutoff slope angle (CSA) principle and the ephemeral gullies extraction (EG) principle. This research presents a new LS-RUSLE tool created with the inclusion of these principles in the automatic user-friendly GIS tool. The HCU principle using a specific surface runoff interruption algorithm, based on pixels with NoData values at the interruption points (pixels), appears to be key. With this procedure, the occurrence of overestimation results by flow conversion was rapidly reduced. Additionally, the reduction of extreme L and LS values calculated in the GIS environment was reached by the application of the CSA and EG principles. The results of the LS-RUSLE model show the prospective use of this tool in practice. Keywords: cutoff slope angle, hydrologically closed unit, L factor, LS factor, unit contributing area Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 246-257 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/128/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/128/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202004-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:128-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslava Janků Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kristina Heřmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Kozák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Jehlička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Mansoor Maitah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Vopravil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniel Toth Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Jacko Author-Workplace-Name: Agrio ZS, Hovorčovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Herza Author-Workplace-Name: Hydrosoft, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Industrial zones and their benefits for society Abstract: Currently, we can see a rapid decline of agricultural land with new uses, especially for construction purposes. This negative trend is evident across Europe, the Czech Republic has the fastest loss of land in the EU. One reason for the significant loss of agricultural land is building industrial zones, which utilises of greenfield areas, and their occupying new areas of agricultural land, often the most the most fertile. The analysis deals with the occupied area (the area of a particular industrial zone), the percentage utilisation of that industrial zone, the number of employees in the industrial zone, and the land quality expressed by means of the agricultural land protection class. The results of the analysis show the low usability of industrial zones, the large occupation of the agricultural land, and the low benefits to the Czech state and Czech citizens. The results also show the poor land use policy in relation to the soil protection. This work is followed by the project Sustainable management of natural resources with an emphasis on non-production and production ability of the soil, the results of which will be included in legislation and be binding for spatial planning. Keywords: agricultural land management, brownfield, land agriculture protection, land take, land use changes, soil sealing Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 258-272 Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/59/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/59/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202004-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:59-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: Authors Index of Volume 15 Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: III-IV Volume: 15 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/12926-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12926-SWR.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:15:y:2020:i:4:id:12926-SWR