Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kateřina Vejvodová Author-Name: Ondřej Drábek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Christopher Ash Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Tejnecký Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel Němeček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of clay on the fractions of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soil Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of clay as an amendment to decrease the mobility and plant availability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Kaolinite and vermiculite were added at a 9% application rate to a contaminated garden soil from Kutná Hora. Half of the original soil was acidified by the addition of HNO3, to observe the effect of the pH on the adsorption of the PTEs. The samples were analysed four times over an eight-week period to evaluate the effect of the clay additions on the As, Cd, Pb and Zn plant availability and different fractions of the BCR sequential extraction. The results indicate that the PTEs were mainly bound by ion/cation exchange on the edges of the clay minerals and onto the Fe/Mn oxides and organic fractions in the soils. The significance (P < 0.05) of the pH was observed for the plant availability of the PTE, especially on the As and Cd. A comparison of the vermiculite in the form of chunks and as powder displayed the most statistically significant results, where the vermiculite powder significantly decreased the plant availability of the As, Cd and Pb, while the opposite effect was observed for the Zn. Keywords: clay amendment, contamination, plant availability, PTE, soil acidification Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 1-10 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/13/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/13/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202101-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:1:id:13-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dandan Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Feilong Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Kun Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Li Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, P.R. China Author-Name: Danfeng Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Available water capacity and organic carbon storage profiles in soils developed from dark brown soil to boggy soil in Changbai Mountains, China Abstract: The available water capacity (AWC) is the most commonly used parameter for quantifying the amount of soil water that is readily available to plants. Specific AWC and soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) profiles are consequences of the soil development process. Understanding the distributions of AWC and SOCS in soil profiles is crucial for modelling the coupling between carbon and water cycle processes, and for predicting the consequences of global change. In this study, we determined the variations in the AWC and SOCS from the surface to a depth of 100 cm in soils developed from dark brown soil, skeletal dark brown soil, meadow dark brown soil, white starched dark brown soil, meadow soil, and boggy soil in the Changbai Mountains area of China. The AWC and SOCS profiles were calculated for each main soil group/subgroup using only the readily available variables for the soil texture and organic matter with the soil water characteristic equations. The results showed the following. (1) The AWC and SOCS decreased initially and then increased, before decreasing again in soils developed from dark brown soil to boggy soil, where the maximum SOCS occurred in the white starched dark brown soil, and the maximum AWC in the dark brown soil. (2) The SOCS was decreased by deforestation and concomitant soil erosion, but the negative impact of this decrease in the SOCS in the Changbai Mountains area was not caused completely by reductions in AWC. (3) In the soil development process from dark brown soil to boggy soil in response to deforestation, the AWC distribution differed in the profile and even among individual layers, whereas the SOCS was mainly present in the upper layer. Keywords: couple of carbon and water, deforestation, plant available water, soil formation Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 11-21 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/150/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/150/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202101-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:1:id:150-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yang Qiu Author-Workplace-Name: Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xinping Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhongkui Xie Author-Name: Yajun Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: Effects of gravel-sand mulch on the runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses in the Loess Plateau of north-western China under simulated rainfall Abstract: Gravel mulching is a characteristic agricultural technique that has been used for hundreds of years in the north-western Loess Plateau of China. However, the effects of the gravel-sand mulch on the processes of the runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient losses are neither fully distinguished nor even known in many parts of the world. This study investigated how different gravel particle sizes in the mulch affected the runoff, erosion as well as the extent of the nutrient losses in the surface runoff. The laboratory experiments were conducted using a rainfall simulator with three gravel mulch treatments: (1) fine gravel mulch (FG); (2) medium gravel mulch (MG); (3) coarse gravel mulch (CG) and a control group, bare soil (BS). The results of these rainfall simulation experiments gave estimates on how the grain size influences the runoff and losses of the soil and its nutrients. Applying the gravel mulch significantly delayed the runoff's starting time when compared with the bare soil. Both the total runoff and soil loss increased with the grain size of the gravel mulch. Compared with the bare soil, the lowest surface runoff and soil loss was observed from the fine gravel treatment. These results clearly show that gravel mulch plays an important role in the runoff and sediment generation processes, and that it significantly reduces the surface runoff and soil loss. The losses of the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) from the bare soil were much higher than those under the gravel mulching. The fluctuations in these nutrient-loss processes were the most intense in the CG treatment, while the TC content, in initial runoff, was significantly higher in the FG than the other treatments. Our findings suggest gravel mulch is a useful water and soil conservation technique in the loess area of north-western China, and these results can inform one on the theoretical principles for properly utilising gravel-mulched fields. Keywords: gravel mulch, rainfall simulation, sediment, soil erosion, surface runoff Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 22-28 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/141/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/141/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202101-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:1:id:141-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Vopravil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Formánek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Khel Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups Abstract: Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016-2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961-1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups. Keywords: comparison study, hydrolimits, soil survey, soil texture Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 29-38 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/31/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202101-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:1:id:31-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sana Bouguerra Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia Author-Name: Sihem Jebari Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, Tunis, Tunisia Author-Name: Jamila Tarhouni Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia Title: Spatiotemporal analysis of landscape patterns and its effect on soil loss in the Rmel river basin, Tunisia Abstract: Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are generally associated with environment pollution and the degradation of natural resources. Detecting LULC changes is essential to assess the impact on ecosystem services. The current research studies the impact of the LULC change on the soil loss and sediment export in a period of 43 years from 1972 to 2015. Landsat imageries were classified into five classes using a supervised classification method and the maximum likelihood Algorithm. Then, the sediment retention service for avoiding reservoir sedimentation was assessed using the InVEST SDR (integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs sediment delivery ratio) model. The results showed that the changes are very important in this study period (1972-2015). Forests were reduced by 18.72% and croplands were increased by approximately 54%. The InVEST SDR model simulation results reveal an increase in the sediment export and soil loss, respectively, from 1.68 to 5.57 t/ha/year and from 15.22 to 43.61 t/ha/year from the year 1972 to 2015. These results highlight the need for targeted policies on integrated land and water resource management. Then, it is important to improve the common understanding of land use and land cover dynamics to the different stakeholders. All these can help in projecting future changes in the LULC and to investigate more appropriate policy interventions for achieving better land and water management. Keywords: erosion, InVEST SDR model, land use and land cover (LULC) change Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 39-49 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/84/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202101-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:1:id:84-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yana Timofeeva Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Name: Lyudmila Purtova Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Name: Alexey Emelyanov Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki, Ussuriisk, Russia Author-Name: Maxim Burdukovskii Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Name: Irina Kiseleva Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Name: Marina Sidorenko Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia Author-Workplace-Name: Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia Title: Contents, distribution, and fractionation of soil organic carbon and trace elements in soils under a green manure application Abstract: We quantified the soluble fractions of the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and the total and water-soluble trace elements in soils contaminated by household waste and remediated via the addition of green manure over 13 years and identified the main factors controlling the vertical distribution and accumulation of the trace elements. Green manure favoured the active formation of soil organic matter. The SOC of the examined soils was characterised by the active stabilisation by mineral soil compounds, but by a low degree of humification. The soils showed increased concentrations of Cr and Ni ions. The SOC and different soil compounds enriched by Si, Ca, and Mn ions were the important determinant for the distribution of Sr, V and Cu ions, as well as for the distribution of Pb and Cr ions bound to the water-soluble components of the soils. The low degree of SOC humification may be one of the main reasons of the high concentrations of Cu and Pb ions in the composition of the water-soluble soil compounds. The nickel ions were mainly associated with compounds enriched by the Al and Fe ions. The extremely high percentage concentration of the Ni ions in the water-soluble components of the soils may be result of the absence of the Ni ions adsorption by humic substances. Keywords: Anthrosols, contamination of soils, element-pollutants, fulvic acids, humic acids, organic amendment Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 50-58 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/65/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/65/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202101-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:1:id:65-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoyan Yang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Chuandong Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: The Third Geological Exploration Institute, Henan Bureau of Geo-Exploration Mineral Development, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Haiping Gu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiangwei Chen Author-Workplace-Name: School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Erhui Guo Author-Workplace-Name: School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Title: Organic acids promote phosphorus release from Mollisols with different organic matter contents Abstract: Organic acids could improve the phosphorus (P) availability through enhancing the release of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in the soil. However, the effects of organic acids on the Pi release are still poorly understood, especially from soils with different organic matter contents. Here, a biochemically produced humic acid and P fertiliser were added to the soil to modify the content of the soil organic matter (SOM) and soil P, respectively. And then the soil samples were incubated at 25 °C for 30 days. The release of Pi fractions (such as H2O-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, HCl-Pi, and Residual-P) from the soils with different organic matter contents in the presence of citric, oxalic, and malic acids was evaluated using a sequential chemical fractionation method. The results showed that the release of the NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, and HCl-Pi fractions also showed a decreasing trend with an increasing content of soil organic matter, and more NaOH-Pi than the other Pi fractions was generally released in the presence of organic acids. Considering the types of organic acids, oxalic acid and malic acid most effectively and least effectively released Pi, respectively. The path analysis indicated that the NaOH-Pi release had the highest direct and indirect effects on the total inorganic P (TPi) release. NaOH-Pi was, therefore, the most effective source of Pi in the Mollisols. Keywords: available phosphorus, black soil, correlation analysis, path analysis, phosphorus fractions Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 59-66 Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/140/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/140/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202101-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:1:id:140-2019-SWR