Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Imre Czinkota Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Tibor Filep Author-Workplace-Name: Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Gabriella Rétháti Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: László Tolner Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Miklós Gulyás Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: András Sebők Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Boglárka Dálnoki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: Derivation and application of a generalised exchange-adsorption isotherm for the adsorption of hydrophobic compounds on soils Abstract: A general adsorption model able to provide a good description of the multilayer adsorption of ions and molecular compounds under any circumstances is proposed in this paper. In order to reach this goal, a general form of isotherm was deduced based on the Gapon equation and classical isotherm forms. The adsorption of molecular compounds with diverse hydrophobicity and acid-base characteristics were investigated and validated with a new model for the adsorption of four pesticides on different soils. The adsorption capacity and adsorption energy estimated by the new model were found to be related to the organic matter content of the soil. Great differences were found in the isotherm parameters (Ai, Ki, and ni) among both the soils and compounds investigated here. Keywords: isotherm parameters, multilayer adsorption, organic matter, pesticide Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 67-73 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/69/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:69-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ming-Hsi Lee Author-Name: I-Ping Hsu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Title: Estimation of the annual rainfall erosivity index based on hourly rainfall data in a tropical region Abstract: The annual mean rainfall erosivity (R) indicates the potential soil loss caused by the precipitation and runoff and is used to predict the soil loss from agricultural hillslopes. R is calculated from rainfall stations with continuously recording rainfall databases. However, many short-term real-time rainfall databases that also relate to the rainfall intensity are not readily available around Taiwan, with the hourly rainfall data being predominantly available. The annual mean rainfall erosivity calculated by the 10-min rainfall data accumulation converted to the 30-min rainfall data (R10_30) can be estimated using the annual mean rainfall erosivity calculated by the 10-min rainfall data accumulation convert to the hourly rainfall data (R10_60) that are calculated from the kinetic energy calculated by the 10-min rainfall data accumulation converted to the hourly rainfall data (E60j). The maximum 60-min rainfall intensity calculated by the 10-min rainfall data accumulation converted to the hourly rainfall data (I60j) has been established in rainfall stations throughout southern Taiwan. The 10-min rainfall data set consists of 15 221 storm events from 2002 to 2017 monitored by 51 rainfall stations located in the tropical regions in Taiwan. According to the results of this study, the average conversion factors of the kinetic energy (1.04), rainfall erosivity (1.47), and annual mean rainfall erosivity (1.30) could be estimated based on the 10-min rainfall data. Keywords: climate change, soil erosion, Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 74-84 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/25/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:25-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Paula Mendes Author-Name: Magda Matias Author-Workplace-Name: CERIS, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: Rui Carrilho Gomes Author-Workplace-Name: CERIS, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: Ana Paula Falcão Author-Workplace-Name: CERIS, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Title: Delimitation of low topsoil moisture content areas in a vineyard using remote sensing imagery (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) in a Mediterranean-climate region Abstract: Irrigation can be responsible for salt accumulation in the root zone of grapevines when late autumn and winter precipitation is not enough to leach salts from the soil upper horizons, turning the soil unsuitable for grape production. The aim of this work is to present a novel methodology to outline areas, within a drip-irrigated vineyard, with a low soil moisture content (SMC) during, and after, an 11-month agricultural drought. Soil moisture (SM) field measurements were performed in two plots at the vineyard, followed by a geostatistical method (indicator kriging) to estimate the SM class probabilities according to a threshold value, enlarging the training set for the classification algorithms. The logistic regression (LR) and Random Forest (RF) methods used the features of the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images and terrain parameters to classify the SMC probabilities at the vineyard. Both methods classified the highest SMC probabilities above 14% that is located close to the stream at the lower altitudes. The RF method performed very well in classifying the topsoil zones with a lower SMC during the autumn-winter period. This delineation allows the prevention of the occurrence of areas affected by salinisation, indicating which areas will need irrigation management strategies to control the salinity, especially under climate change, and the expected increase in droughts. Keywords: logistic regression, radar, random forest, soil moisture content, soil salinisation, vineyard Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 85-94 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/101/2019-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2019-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:101-2019-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Kincl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pedology and Soil Conservation, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: David Kabelka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pedology and Soil Conservation, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Vopravil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pedology and Soil Conservation, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Darina Heřmanovská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pedology and Soil Conservation, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic Title: Estimating the curve number for conventional and soil conservation technologies using a rainfall simulator Abstract: The aim of the article was to verify the curve number (CN) values given in the National Engineering Handbook (NEH) methodology, whether they really correspond to all wide-row crops. The tested crops were maize, hops and potatoes grown using conventional and soil conservation technologies. All these crops are classified as wide-row crops, but they are very different in terms of the cultivation process. The basis for the calculation of our CN values were field measurements carried out using a rainfall simulator within the time span from 2014 to 2020 on the soil corresponding to hydrological group B in two repetitions: naturally dry soil corresponding to an ARC II curve and saturated soil corresponding to an ARC III curve. The results show that our calculated CN values for the conventional cultivation of wide-row crops are, in principle, the same as the CN values given in the NEH methodology. On the contrary, a certain difference was recorded in the soil conservation technologies with plant residues on the surface, in the case of naturally dry soil. Lower CN values are clearly seen in the technologies of no-till maize, strip-till maize and hops with catch crops, which was confirmed by the statistical tests, probably due to the interception and surface roughness. Keywords: cover, row crops, soil degradation, surface runoff, residue tillage practice Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 95-102 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/114/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/114/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:114-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramakrishnan Sangeetha Author-Name: Neelakanda Pillai Kanniperumal Ambujam Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, Chennai, India Title: The overshadow of the human evolvement process in the dynamics of soil drift of an agricultural watershed in Nilgiri Hills, India Abstract: The Nilgiri Biosphere, being one of the critical catchments, a small agricultural watershed of Udhagamandalam has been analysed to show the need to improve the agriculture by reducing the soil erosion. For this study, the land use and land cover classification was undertaken using Landsat images to highlight the changes that have occurred between 1981 and 2019. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method and the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in this study to determine the soil erosion vulnerability of Sillahalla watershed in the Nilgiri Hills in Tamilnadu. This study will help to promote the economic development of the watershed with proper agricultural planning and erosion management. This study focuses on the estimation of the average annual soil loss and to classify the spatial distribution of the soil loss as a map with the RUSLE method and GIS. To estimate the average annual soil loss of the study area, GIS layers of the RUSLE factors like rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C) and conservation practice (P) were computed in a raster data format. The total soil loss and average annual soil loss of the study area for 1981-1990,1991-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2019 were found to be 0.2, 0.254, 0.3, 0.35 million t/year and 31.33, 37.78, 46.7, 51.89 t/ha/year, respectively. The soil erosion rate is classified into different classes as per the FAO guidelines and this severity classification map was prepared to identify the vulnerable areas. Keywords: hilly terrain, land use land cover, RUSLE, soil erosion, soil erosion severity classification, sustainable agriculture Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 103-111 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/105/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/105/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:105-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qiuju Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environments and Plant Nutrients, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Xin Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environments and Plant Nutrients, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Jingyang Li Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environments and Plant Nutrients, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiaoyu Yang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhenhua Guo Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China Title: Straw application and soil organic carbon change: A meta-analysis Abstract: Straw return is considered an effective way to improve the soil organic carbon (SOC) content of farmland. Most studies have suggested that a straw application increases the SOC content; however, some suggest that a straw application reduces the SOC content when used in combination with mineral fertilisation. Therefore, a meta-analysis of the effect of a straw application on the SOC change is needed. This study comprises a meta-analysis of 115 observations from 65 research articles worldwide. Straw applications can significantly increase the proportion of the SOC in the soil. Straw applications caused a significant microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increase in tropical and warm climatic zones. The MBC increase was higher than the SOC increase. For agriculture, the most important soil functions are the maintenance of the crop productivity, the nutrient and water transformation, the biological flora and activity, and the maintenance of the microbial abundance and activity. These functions should be prioritised in order to maintain the SOC function and services. Straw applications should not be excessive, especially when combined with mineral fertilisation, in order to avoid the loss of carbon from the straw in the form of greenhouse gases. A large amount of unused fertiliser also leads to a series of environmental problems. Keywords: mineral fertilisation, residue, SOC, stalk, straw Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 112-120 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/155/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/155/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:155-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arika Bridhikitti Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus (MUKA), Lumsum Sub-District, Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand Author-Name: Thayukorn Prabamroong Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University (MSU), Kham Rieng Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand Author-Name: Guohuan Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Guo-An Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Title: Best management practices for mitigating agricultural nutrient pollution in the Mun River Basin, Thailand Abstract: The Mun River in NE Thailand is one of the significant tributaries of the Lower Mekong River. Its poor river quality has been reported and agricultural activities were claimed to be major causes. This study aims to assess the best management measures appropriately responsive to the nutrient pollution in the Mun River Basin's agricultural ecosystems. The data used for the analysis were acquired from field measurements during the 2018 wet season via satellite retrieval and secondary data collection. Linkages between land-soil datasets and hydro-water quality datasets were assessed through a canonical correlation analysis. The results suggest possible conservation measures with crop yield improvement and fertiliser cost reduction in the western basin. For the southern basin, which exhibits high sediment loading, integrated conservation measures for soil loss reduction with in-stream flow deceleration should be chosen. In the eastern basin, woody buffer strips and check dams should be prioritised. Both nutrient and sediment pollution were experienced in the middle part of the Mun River Basin and applications of low-P manure with mineral NK are recommended. Nonetheless, other soil-water conservation measures can be optionally applied to enhance the effectiveness in the watershed management. Keywords: canonical correlation analysis, Lower Mekong River Basin, soil loss, soil-water conservation measures, water quality Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 121-128 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/101/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:101-2020-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ondřej Holubík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Aleš Vaněk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Mihaljevič Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Kateřina Vejvodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Thallium uptake/tolerance in a model (hyper)accumulating plant: Effect of extreme contaminant loads Abstract: Thallium (Tl) is a toxic trace element with a highly negative effect on the environment. For phytoextraction purposes, it is important to know the limitations of plant growth. In this study, we conducted experiments with a model Tl-hyperaccumulating plant (Sinapis alba L., white mustard) to better understand the plant tolerance and/or associated detoxification mechanisms under extreme Tl doses (accumulative 0.7/1.4 mg Tl, in total). Both the hydroponic/semi-hydroponic (artificial soil) cultivation variants were studied in detail. The Tl bioaccumulation potential for the tested plant reached up to 1% of the total supplied Tl amount. Furthermore, it was revealed that the plants grown in the soil-like system did not tolerate Tl concentrations in nutrient solutions higher than ~1 mg/L, i.e., wilting symptoms were evident. Surprisingly, for the plants grown in hydroponic solutions, the tolerable Tl concentration was by contrast at least 2-times higher (≥ 2 mg Tl/L), presumably mimicking the K biochemistry. The obtained hydroponic/semi-hydroponic phytoextraction data can serve, in combination, as a model for plant-assisted remediation of soils or mining/processing wastes enriched in Tl, or possibly for environmental cycling of Tl in general. Keywords: artificial soil, bioaccumulation, hydroponic, phytoextraction, Tl, uptake Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 129-135 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/167/2020-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/167/2020-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202102-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:16:y:2021:i:2:id:167-2020-SWR