Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Markéta Miháliková Author-Name: Kamila Báťková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Recep Serdar Kara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Cansu Almaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Král Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Barbora Badalíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnics, Agriculture Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: Květuše Hejátková Author-Workplace-Name: ZERA - Agricultural and Environmental Regional Agency, r. a., Náměšť nad Oslavou, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vladimír Mašán Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticultural Machinery, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Patrik Burg Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticultural Machinery, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Plíva Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of surface-applied compost on soil properties Abstract: The positive influence of surface compost application without incorporation on soil physical properties is known but remains underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of surface-applied stable and mature compost on basic soil physical and chemical properties, including saturated hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, and penetration resistance. Conducted as a semi-operational field experiment in two Czech agricultural sites (A: Blatnice at Jaroměřice and B: Jevíčko; Cambisols with loam and silty clay loam textures, respectively), the plots were treated with compost (SCA) at rates of 4 × 30 t/ha (A) and 1 × 200 t/ha (B) or left untreated as controls (CON). The crops were wheat (A), maize (A, B) and intercrops. Surface compost application began in 2022, and soil sampling and field measurements were conducted during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. Results showed significant positive changes (P < 0.05 or lower) in SCA plots compared to CON. Soil organic matter content increased by 27.8% at locality A and by 58.1% at locality B, while saturated water content increased by 5.3% (A) and 11.0% (B) in the latter season. Similarly, pH and electrical conductivity showed increases. Water-stable aggregate ratios increased by 6% to 30% at both localities. Dry bulk density decreased by 10.5% (A) and 15.7% (B). Improvements in saturated hydraulic conductivity (by 28.6%) and penetration resistance were observed only at locality B. These findings show the potential of surface-applied stable and mature compost to enhance soil properties effectively. Keywords: compost maturity, compost stability, conservation agriculture, erosion control, water stable aggregates Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 71-83 Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/148/2024-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/148/2024-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202502-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:20:y:2025:i:2:id:148-2024-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edwin Maulana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: Junun Sartohadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: Muhammad Anggri Setiawan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Disaster Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Indonesia Title: Understanding gully erosion development through a geomorphological approach Abstract: This study aims to identify the gully erosion typology and development using a geomorphological approach. Gully geomorphology features were executed using combined photogrammetric approaches: aerial photography (unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV) and terrestrial photo data (structure from motion, SfM). The UAV data are used to identify the gully orientation, while SfM derives the geomorphological features in the gully dimensions. Five canopy-free gully erosion points were selected for the UAV-SfM data acquisition. Typically, SfM data offer higher resolution (0.11-0.57 cm) than UAV data (0.61-2.08 cm). Modelling using SfM can provide an in-depth illustration of gully dimensions such as rill erosion, scars, and cracks. The findings demonstrate that the gully depth and width are larger on the middle slope. This phenomenon is influenced by the strength of the flow and the silt transported by the water, which reaches a peak on the middle slope. The lower slopes have a solid form since the power of the flow weakens as it transports the accumulated silt from the upper and middle slopes. The study's findings can be relied on to guide communities in strengthening the gully body in the middle slope. Furthermore, the findings can be tested and adopted globally with comparable typologies. Keywords: erosion, geomorphology, gully, structure from motion Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 84-92 Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/92/2024-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/92/2024-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202502-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:20:y:2025:i:2:id:92-2024-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhuo Tian Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. of China Author-Name: Haitao Deng Author-Workplace-Name: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. of China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Watershed Protection and Green Development, University of Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Shuaipu Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. of China Author-Name: Qinxue Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. of China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Watershed Protection and Green Development, University of Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Xin Jin Author-Workplace-Name: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. of China Author-Workplace-Name: Engineering Research Center of Watershed Protection and Green Development, University of Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China Title: Fractal parameters of soil particle size distribution in karst area, and implications of soil water repellency by plantations Abstract: As a critical and universal soil physical property, soil water repellency significantly affects soil and water erosion and vegetation restoration, particularly in the karst region. This study analysed soil properties, namely, particle size distribution (PSD) in abandoned farmland and different plantations in karst areas, and their impact on water repellency to provide references for its ecological restoration. First, for the shaddock plantation, citrus plantation, ginkgo plantation, Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, and abandoned farmland, the research objects, soil particle size and water drop penetration time were measured, and the fractal parameters of soil PSD were computed. Soil PSD characteristics' influence on water repellency was inferred according to, for example, correlation, redundancy, and stepwise regression analyses. Sand content in the shaddock plantation and clay content in the citrus plantation was the highest. The soil particles of abandoned farmland and plantations were primarily sand. The values of volume dimension D(0) in descending order were citrus plantation, shaddock plantation, ginkgo plantation, R. pseudoacacia plantation, and abandoned farmland. The values of information dimension D(1), correlation dimension D(2), and information dimension/volume dimension D(1)/D(0) in descending order were R. pseudoacacia plantation, ginkgo plantation, citrus plantation, abandoned farmland, and shaddock plantation. No significant differences were found in the symmetry degree Df, the spectral width Da of the singular spectral function, and the single fractal dimension D among the abandoned farmland and different plantations. Slight water repellency was observed in the abandoned farmland and different plantations. The degree of water repellency in descending order was R. pseudoacacia plantation > ginkgo plantation > abandoned farmland > citrus plantation > shaddock plantation. Significant correlations were found between fractal parameters and water repellency, and fractal parameters were suitable potential indicators for soil water repellency. Keywords: multifractal,  single fractal, soil particle size, water repellency Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 93-104 Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/84/2024-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2024-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202502-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:20:y:2025:i:2:id:84-2024-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salih Demirkaya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye Author-Name: Coskun Gülser Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye Title: Biochar innovations for sustainable agriculture: Acidification and zinc enrichment strategies to improve calcareous soil fertility and wheat yield Abstract: Calcareous soils, typically characterized by low fertility, low organic matter and nitrogen content, and often deficient in phosphorus, zinc, and iron, as well as having low microbial activity, require the development of sustainable soil conditioners to improve fertility. To address these shortcomings and promote sustainable agriculture, biochar, especially with acidic character, may offer a promising solution. This study investigates the effects of modified biochar by H2SO4 and ZnSO4 on soil properties and wheat yield under field conditions. For this purpose, biochar (B), acidified biochar (AB), Zn enriched biochar (BZn), and acidified-Zn enriched biochar (ABZn) were applied to the field at two different doses (0.5 and 1.0%) together with the control treatment (Ck) without biochar application. AB1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in decreasing soil pH (0.15 units), while B1.0% was determined as the most effective treatment in increasing organic carbon and cation exchange capacity, 13% and 32%, respectively. The effect of the treatments varied for specific nutrients. The highest antioxidant enzyme activities were found in acidified biochars where the lowest yields were obtained. Compared to the Ck, the highest catalase (CAT) (32%) was determined in ABZn1.0%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (56%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (36%) were determined in ABZn0.5%, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (28%) was determined in AB0.5%. The highest proline (PRO), with the least decrease in yield, was found in the AB1.0% application, which is 205% more than Ck. B and BZn treatments all increased the grain yield, and the highest increase was 20% in B1.0% when compared to the Ck. Keywords: antioxidant enzyme activity, biochar, calcareous soil, nutrient enhancement, wheat, zinc Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 105-118 Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/77/2024-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2024-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202502-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:20:y:2025:i:2:id:77-2024-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Anggri Setiawan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: Ratih Winastuti Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Disaster Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: Dimas Maula Hayat Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Disaster Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: Boma Karunia Dwi Putra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Disaster Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: Djati Mardiatno Author-Name: Nugroho Christanto Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Disaster Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: Meilinarti Meilinarti Author-Workplace-Name: Yayasan PLAN International Indonesia, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Author-Name: Ida Ngurah Author-Workplace-Name: Yayasan PLAN International Indonesia, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Title: Contribution to the understanding of sediment transport during extreme flood event in Wei Laing watershed, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Abstract: The 2021 Cyclone Seroja was a category 3 storm that made landfall on Lembata Island, causing extensive damage. This study aims to identify key interpretations of sediment transport related to tropical cyclones (TC) Seroja and past floods using a geopedological approach, estimate the return period through frequency analysis, and determine the rainfall threshold for flooding using HEC-RAS software. Extreme rainfall data from global precipitation model (GPM) (2000-2023) in Wei Laing watershed were analysed alongside LiDAR terrain data, physical and chemical properties of soil, and land cover data. Based on geopedological analysis, the result shows that the erosional-transfer zone of Wei Laing Watershed has thin, loamy, and slightly sandy soils due to erosion and limited pedogenesis. The depositional zone contains flood deposits with abrupt vertical texture changes, reflecting transported coarse grains and finer in-situ sediments. The modern flood deposit (TC Seroja flood deposit) was identified by texture, CaCO₃ content, organic matter, and coarse organic material. The fine-grained flood deposits (≤ 4 cm) are classified as slackwater deposits, consist of silty clay loam and silt loam textures, reflecting deposition under slow-flowing conditions. TC Seroja corresponds to a 50-year return period. Hydrological modelling indicates a 60 mm/day rainfall threshold for flooding, with 77 flood events recorded between 2000-2023. The model is confirmed by thick past flood deposits enriched with coarse organic materials. These findings provide insight into flood dynamics and sedimentary responses, supporting future flood risk mitigation efforts. Keywords: flood deposition, Fluvial geomorphology, HEC-RAS, paleofloods, return period, tropical cyclones Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 119-130 Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/147/2024-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/147/2024-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202502-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:20:y:2025:i:2:id:147-2024-SWR Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yunxi Peng Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Wenyu Shi Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Ningning Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China Title: The impact of periodic waterlogging on biochemical characteristics and mineralization of soil organic carbon in straw-return farmland Abstract: Periodic waterlogging is more common due to more frequent extreme precipitation but its impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) loss is obscure in straw-return farmland. We compared soil properties and biochemical characteristics of SOC (compositions of non-cellulosic and amino polysaccharides) in adjacent periodic waterlogged farmland (PWF) and non-waterlogged farmland (NWF) in a semi-humid warm temperate region. SOC mineralization was also measured at 60% (aerobic) or 100% (anaerobic) of field capacity at 25 °C for 82 days. The negative effect of periodic waterlogging on SOC contents and soil aggregate stability were observed in the 20-80 cm depth but were offset in topsoil (0-20 cm) due to straw-return. Periodic waterlogging increased the non-cellulosic sugar content and amino sugar content in SOC and the mass ratio of (galactose plus mannose) to (arabinose plus xylose) at 40-80 cm depth except at 0-40 cm depth. By the end of 82 days' incubation, when aeration status changed from anaerobic to aerobic conditions, total C loss as CO2 increased similarly (123.9%) in PWF and NWF soils in the top 40 cm, but more C loss occurred under PWF than under NWF (78.9% vs. 46.9%) in the 40-80 cm depth, which was probably ascribed to its higher non-cellulosic sugar and amino sugar content. Our result emphasized the importance of straw-return for maintaining soil quality under periodic waterlogged farmland. Keywords: amino sugars, non-cellulosic sugars, periodic waterlogging, SOC mineralization, soil aggregate stability, straw return Journal: Soil and Water Research Pages: 131-141 Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/149/2024-SWR File-URL: http://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/149/2024-SWR.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/swr-202502-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:20:y:2025:i:2:id:149-2024-SWR