Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Sládek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Apoptosis of neutrophilic granulocytes of bovine virgin mammary gland in scanning electron microscopy Abstract: The objective of this work was the morphologic analysis of apoptosis of neutrophilic granulocytes (hereinafter referred to as neutrophils) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in comparison with morphological features distinguishable by light microscopy. This study was performed on 12 bovine virgin mammary glands washed with physiological buffered solution (PBS) prior to the induction of cell influx by PBS. Twenty-four hours after influx induction the cell suspension was obtained by the lavage of mammary glands with PBS. The particular lavages were cytologicaly and bacteriologicaly examined. all bacteriological examinations were negative. Mononuclear phagocytes (MoP), lymphocytes and neutrophils were distinguished in the cell suspension of the lavages by means of light microscopy. The neutrophils predominated in differential cell count. Neutrophil population showed some signs of structural features typical for the process of apoptosis that were distinguished in haemocytometer and light microscopy on stained microscopical smears. The process of apoptosis consisted of three structurally different stages: karyopyknosis, zeiosis and the stage of apoptotic bodies. These stages of neutrophil apoptosis were distinguished also by SEM. Karyopyknotic neutrophils assumed spherical shape while they lost all of their superficial pseudopodia. Neutrophils in zeiosis stage showed prominent surface protumberances, bubble-shaped vesicles causing a bizarre deformation of the cells. After the membrane vesicles had split off, they began to form spherical formations (apoptotic bodies). On the basis of neutrophils. specific structural properties it could easily distinguish all the three stages of neutrophil apoptosis by means of SEM technique as well as other morphological methods. Keywords: apoptosis, neutrophilic granulocyte, scanning electron microscopy, bovine virgin mammary gland Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 185-189 Volume: 46 Issue: 7-8 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7881-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7881-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200107-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:7-8:id:7881-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Sládek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Faldyna Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Leukocytes in bovine virgin mammary gland: flow cytometry imaging during development and resolution of induced influx Abstract: Distribution of leukocyte types present in virgin bovine mammary glands was analysed in dot plots obtained by flow cytometry (FACS) of samples collected from 10 non-pregnant heifers after induction of leukocyte influx. Changes of percentage of leukocyte types during development and resolution of induced influx in comparison with blood leukocyte pattern allow identification of these cell types on FACS dot plot. The positions of mammary gland granulocyte and lymphocyte regions were identical with those of the corresponding peripheral blood cells. Two basic morphologically distinct types occupying separate regions in dot plots were observed in the population of mononuclear phagocytes (MoP): non-vacuolised monocyte-like macrophages (MoMAC) and vacuolised macrophages (MAC). Influx resolution was characterised by a marked shift of the MoMAC region towards that of MAC recognisable in dot plots by a separate region of intermediate MoP forms. The study provides a pattern of dynamics of percentages of mammary gland leukocyte types during influx development and resolution as imaged by FACS. Keywords: flow cytometry, bovine virgin mammary gland, induced influx Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 190-198 Volume: 46 Issue: 7-8 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7882-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7882-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200107-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:7-8:id:7882-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Pohlreich Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Stříbrná Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Kleibl Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Horák Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Klaudy Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Detection of neoplastic cells in blood of miniature pigs with hereditary melanoma Abstract: Tyrosine, a key enzyme of melanin biosynthesis, is widely used as a specific marker for the detection of dissemination or metastatic melanoma cells in peripheral blood and other tissues like lymph node or bone marrow, which are normally tyrosinase negative. The amplification of tyrosinase-specific mRNA by means of RT-PCR is a sensitive technique capable of detecting a single tumour cell in 5-10 ml of whole blood. We have utilised this method to analyse the peripheral blood of laboratory miniature pigs with advanced cutaneous melanoma for the presence of tumor cells. This highly invasive hereditary malignancy can serve as an experimental model for the study of melanoma development and dissemination. For amplification of porcine gene, oligonucleotide primers derived from the sequence of human tyrosinase were used. These primers amplified fragment of the predicted length and restriction enzyme digestion confirmed their homology with the sequences of human tyrosinase gene. After the second round of amplification, tyrosinase could be detected up to the amount of 1 × 10-5 µg of total RNA isolated from porcine melanoma per 1 µg of control RNA. Blood samples from eight animals with advanced melanoma and from five non-melanoma control animals were examined for tyrosinase expression. Tyrosinase mRNA was detected in five samples from animals with malignant melanoma. Non-melanoma control animals gave negative results. Keywords: MeLiM strain, melanoblastoma, circulating tumour cells, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-specific mRNA Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 199-204 Volume: 46 Issue: 7-8 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7880-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7880-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200107-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:7-8:id:7880-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W.y Ayele Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Macháčková Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlík Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) infects domestic cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wild ruminants leading to chronic enteritis known as paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). The infection is chronic, progressive and unresponsive to treatment. Most infected animals do not develop clinical disease but may excrete the bacteria. Clinically sick animals suffer emaciation and in some species diarrhoea, followed by eventual death. During the course of the disease, excretion of M. paratuberculosis in faeces and milk occurs, and the organism spreads through the blood and lymph vessels of infected animals to multiple internal organs. The infection disseminates to both the female and male reproductive organs. Though M. paratuberculosis is not classified as a human pathogen, current opinions on the possible role of this mycobacteria in public health is discussed. This article attempts to review the ways and circumstances by which M. paratuberculosis is transmitted within an animal population and the importance of the disease on animal production. Published reports concerning the transmission and epidemiology of the disease are reviewed herein, and preventive and control measures are summarised. Keywords: Johne's disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, milk, semen, domestic and wild ruminants Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 205-224 Volume: 46 Issue: 7-8 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7878-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7878-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200107-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:7-8:id:7878-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K.J. Wojciechowski Author-Workplace-Name: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy Author-Name: R. Paskin Author-Workplace-Name: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy Author-Name: L. Pite Author-Workplace-Name: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy Author-Name: K. Hruška Author-Workplace-Name: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy Title: Emergency control of transboundary diseases of livestock in Southern and Eastern Europe Abstract: "Emergency Control of Transboundary Diseases of Livestock in Southern and Eastern Europe", approved in the year 2000 and implemented from September 2001 the CENTAUR is expected to expand significantly. The major objective of this training Regional Project will be to strengthen the national and regional capacities to respond to transboundary animal disease emergencies through technology transfer in the fields of diagnostics, epidemiology and emergency preparedness. The following countries are included in the Project: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina (the Federation and the Serbian Republic), Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Slovenia and Turkey. Southern and Eastern Europe are the strategically important areas especially exposed to Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs). The CENTAUR's main task is to facilitate contacts with international centers of excellence and international organizations in order to achieve full compatibility with OIE and EU standards regarding disease control methods. The first CENTAUR Countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia have been CENTAUR members since 1997 following the implementation of the previous FAO TCP Project. From the Baltic countries: Lithuania has recently joined the network and Latvia and Estonia have been encouraged to do so. Also the CENTAUR was joined by the Member: Sankt Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Russian Federation (2001). It is expected that the Countries and subscribers of the CENTAUR NEWS FLASH INFO published by the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno will play an active role regarding the dissemination of scientific/professional information, regional cooperation and training. Four workshops to be held and other activities proposed in the project are described. Emergency control of transboundary diseases of livestock in Southern and Eastern Europe Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 225-228 Volume: 46 Issue: 7-8 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7879-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7879-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:7-8:id:7879-VETMED