Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Sahin Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Control and Research Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: K. Sahin Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Control and Research Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Elazig, Turkey Title: Optimal dietary concentrations of vitamin C and chromium picolinate for alleviating the effect of low ambient temperature (6.2 degrees C) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in laying hens Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and digestibility of nutrients in laying hens (Hy-Line) reared under a low ambient temperature (6.2°C). Two hundred and ten laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into seven groups, 30 hens per group. The treatment groups were designed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using two levels of vitamin C (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of chromium picolinate (200, 400, or 800 µg/kg of diet), and control group was fed basal diet. The highest values of performance were obtained if 250 mg/kg vitamin C was supplemented with either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet. An interaction between vitamin C and chromium for egg production (P = 0.05) and feed efficiency (P = 0.02) was detected. Similarly, egg weight, specific gravity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit improved with diet containing 250 mg vitamin C and either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet (P £ 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) were higher with higher dietary vitamin C (P £ 0.05) and also with higher Cr (P £ 0.05). There were no interactions between vitamin C and chromium detected for any parameters measured for egg quality in terms of egg weight, specific gravidity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit and digestibility of nutrients (P 3 0.28). Data obtained in the present study shows that a combination of 250 mg vitamin C and 400 µg chromium per kg of diet gave the best results in laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature and a conclusion is suggested that such a diet can be considered as a protective management practice in poultry to alleviate, at least in part, the depressive effect of cold stress on poultry performance. Keywords: stress, chromium, vitamin C, performance, nutrient digestibility, laying hen Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 229-236 Volume: 46 Issue: 9-10 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7887-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7887-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200109-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:9-10:id:7887-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Lauková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia Author-Name: I. Štyriak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Mareková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia Title: In vitro antagonistic effect of nisin on faecal enterococci and staphylococci Abstract: Enterococci and staphylococci, isolates from faecal samples of 46 different animals such as deer, chamois, European bison, zebra, camel, antelope, gazelle, horse, and piglets were treated by nisin (concentration 1 mg/ml). Only two strains (SX38 and EA163), isolates from the faeces of deer were not inhibited by nisin under in vitro conditions. It means 97.4% of target isolates were inhibited by nisin and 2.6% were resistant. The majority of microorganisms were inhibited by nisin under MIC 1.56-100 µg/ml. Twenty-two percent out of 77 isolates were inhibited by MIC of nisin 3.12 µg.Enterococcus sp. E6B strain was found the most sensitive (inhibition by MIC 1.56 µg of nisin). Although only a few staphylococci were tested, most of them were inhibited by nisin. Even though the effect of nisin on the individual species was not evaluated, its effect on the group of bacteria is already important. In general, the properties of nisin indicate a broad spectrum of its utilization. Keywords: faeces, enterococci, staphylococci, nisin, inhibition Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 237-240 Volume: 46 Issue: 9-10 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7885-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7885-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200109-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:9-10:id:7885-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. M Rahman Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, South Korea Author-Name: K. B Baek Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, South Korea Author-Name: T. S Hong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, South Korea Author-Name: H. J Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, South Korea Title: Antibody responses in buffalos immunized with Clostridium perfringens beta and epsilon toxoids Abstract: The antibody responses to toxoids were measured to investigate whether Clostridium perfringens beta and epsilon toxoids induced protective humoral immune responses in buffalos. Total of 24 buffalos were divided into 4 groups (n = 6), beta toxoid, epsilon toxoid, combination and control groups. These buffalo groups were administered each of the designated toxoids. Immunizations in the beta and epsilon toxoid groups induced strong antibody responses. The neutralizing antibody titres from the beta and epsilon toxoid groups were equally log101.2 on day 21 after inoculation whereas there was no antibody titre detected from the control group. A statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in antibody titre was observed from day 0 to day 14 and 21 after inoculation. The antibody production did not vary significantly due to day of inoculation and toxoid interactions. Keywords: Clostridium perfringens, antibody titre, toxoid, buffalo Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 241-243 Volume: 46 Issue: 9-10 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7886-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7886-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200109-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:9-10:id:7886-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Staničová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Miškovský Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Šutiak Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Title: Amantadine: an antiviral and antiparkinsonian agent Abstract: Amantadine is an antiviral agent that specifically inhibits influenza A virus replication at a micromolar concentration. This drug is also very effective in the treatment of human Parkinson's disease. Other important clinical applications of this agent have been studied recently, ranging from viral infections, e.g. herpes, herpes zoster neuralgia to granulomatosis and from neuroleptic extrapyramidal movement disease to depression and cocain dependence. Biological and pharmacological activities of amantadine presented in this paper are focused on the explanation of the mechanism of amantadine antiviral and antiparkinsonian effects and on general use of this agent in medicine. Keywords: influenza A, M2 protein, chemotherapy, chemoprophylaxis, Parkinson's disease Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 244-256 Volume: 46 Issue: 9-10 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7884-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7884-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200109-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:9-10:id:7884-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Sárközy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary Title: Quinolones: a class of antimicrobial agents Abstract: The fluoroquinolones are a series of synthetic antibacterial agents that are used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. These agents inhibit the DNA gyrase, abolishing its activity by interfering with the DNA-rejoining reaction. The inhibition of the resealing leads to the liberation of fragments that are subsequently destroyed by the bacterial exonucleases. All fluoroquinolones accumulate within bacteria very rapidly, so that a steady-state intrabacterial concentration is obtained within a few minutes. Resistance develops slowly and is usually chromosomal and not plasmid mediated. However, development of resistance and transfer between animal and human pathogens has become a fervently argued issue among the microbiologists. Another concern regarding the use of new quinolones in the veterinary field is a possible detrimental effect on the environment. It still seems unlikely that the controlled use of veterinary quinolones will give rise to unfavorable effects on the environment. Keywords: fluoroquinolones, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, resistance, therapeutical use Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 257-274 Volume: 46 Issue: 9-10 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7883-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7883-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200109-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:9-10:id:7883-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Šutiak Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Šutiaková Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Title: The 80th birthday of Prof. Jozef Vodrazka, MVD, D.Sc., and 52nd anniversary of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Kosice, the Slovak Republic Keywords: Jozef Vodrážka, history, people, education, research, publications Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 275-277 Volume: 46 Issue: 9-10 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7889-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7889-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:9-10:id:7889-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Pospíšil Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Unusual cultural activites of a research institution Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 278-279 Volume: 46 Issue: 9-10 Year: 2001 DOI: 10.17221/7888-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7888-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:46:y:2001:i:9-10:id:7888-VETMED