Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Svastova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Parmova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bazant Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Veleba Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Mycobacterial infections in cattle in the Czech Republic during 1990-1999 Abstract: In the nineties, cattle stocks gradually decreased from 3 506 222 head of cattle in 1990 to 1 657 337 head in 1999. Skin testing of cattle was carried out annually using bovine tuberculin. Animals for sale were also simultaneously tested with avian tuberculin. In records from 1991 to 1999 a total of 14 611 393 bovine tuberculin skin tests and 611 405 simultaneous avian tuberculin skin tests are registered. A total of 1 457 (0.01%) animals reacted positively with bovine tuberculin and 1 790 (0.29%) with avian tuberculin. In the period monitored a total of 7 268 274 head of cattle were slaughtered and given veterinary hygienic examinations. Statistical data on the post-mortem detection of tuberculous lesions have been available for nine years since 1992 when tuberculous lesions were found in 1 186 (0.019%) out of 6 273 441 slaughtered animals. Mycobacteria were isolated from the organs of only 561 (17.5%) out of 3 202 culturally examined animals. M. bovis only was isolated from 48 (8.6%) animals originating from seven herds (two infected herds in 1991, 1992 and 1994 and one infected herd in 1995): four outbreaks were detected by annual skin testing, one outbreak by movement tuberculin skin testing and two outbreaks by the detection of tuberculous lesions at slaughter. M. avium complex strains of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 and of genotypes IS901+ and IS1245+ were isolated from 331 (59.0%) animals and strains of serotypes 4 to 6, 8 to 11 and 21 and of genotypes IS901- and IS1245+ were isolated from 132 (23.5%) animals. Potentially pathogenic bacteria of the M. chelonae, M. terrae, M. phlei and M. fortuitum species were isolated from 50 (8.9%) animals. Neither miliary nor generalised tuberculosis was found in any of the animals. Between 1996 and 1999, the proportion of cattle in which tuberculous lesions were recorded decreased. Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium complex, IS901, IS1245, skin test Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 241-250 Volume: 47 Issue: 9 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5831-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5831-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200209-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:47:y:2002:i:9:id:5831-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Bures Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Janovsky Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Pecinka Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bartos Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Kremer Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Van Soolingen Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the Czech Republic in 1995 was caused by Mycobacterium bovis subspecies caprae Abstract: The last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the CzechRepublic was detected in 1995. Signs of diarrhoea, weight loss and occasional coughing appeared in one 14-year-old cow after giving birth for the thirteenth time. Two months after these symptoms had been observed, it had to be slaughtered and numerous tuberculous lesions were found in its lung tissue, including the pleura. Within three months after the confirmation of the infection and consecutive intra-vitam and post-mortem diagnostics, all 28 remaining head of cattle from the herd (nine cows, seven bulls, six heifers and six calves) and five pigs were slaughtered. Patho-anatomical lesions were detected in all animals indicative of tuberculosis, from which Mycobacterium bovis was cultured and identified on the basis of biochemical tests and virulence test in a guinea-pig. The culture of 33 samples of other biological material than tissues (milk and urine of cows, feeding water, scrapings from the shed, fodder and others) resulted in M. bovis being detected in three samples (scrapings from shed walls). By the spoligotyping method M. bovis subsp. caprae was found in six selected isolates originating from two cows, two heifers and two bulls. It may therefore be assumed that there was one source of infection in the herd, which was the first infected old cow. In comparison with 3 176 spoligotypes in the existing database RIVM (National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) and literary data it was found that this spoligotype was also found in Sweden, Belgium, Great Britain, Spain, Poland, Germany and the CzechRepublic. It was impossible to determine the source of M. bovis subsp. caprae of the first infected cow on the basis of results from database and from anamnestic data. Green fodder coming from the farmer's pastures near a forest could be considered as a possible source of M. bovis from wild ruminants like red deer (Cervus elaphus), which was found infected with bovine tuberculosis in another district of the CzechRepublic in 1991. Keywords: spoligotyping, stable environment, pig Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 251-263 Volume: 47 Issue: 9 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5832-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5832-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200209-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:47:y:2002:i:9:id:5832-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yang Sijun Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Author-Name: Guo Dingzong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Author-Name: Yao Baoan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Title: Histopathology of the lymphatic system in ascitic broilers Abstract: Histomorphologic changes of the lymphatic system of the liver and thoracic duct were examined. The diameters of lymphatic segments isolated from the thoracic ducts of ascitic and normal broilers at 32 to 37 days of age were measured using an optical micrometer measurement system. The histopathological picture of the segments of lymphatic tissue showed lymphatic cysts bilaterally along the posterior vena cava. The hepatic capsule manifested edema, thickening, and cellular proliferation. Microscopic changes in lymphatic vessels of the hepatic capsule include lymph embolism, and lymphatic plasma retention in lymphatic cysts. In some cases, distended lymphatic vessels exhibited protuberances, and lymph leaked from the lymphatic cysts into the surrounding swollen and degenerated endothelial cells of the thoracic duct. Sometimes, extensive endothelial cell loss was observed, and their exfoliated fragments were also seen. Marked dilatation of thoracic duct and lymph embolism, leaking of lymph, edema in some fibers and the enlargement of spaces between fibers, swollen intimas, and rupture and bleeding of the thoracic duct were also visible. The thoracic duct's long and short semi-axis, and the cross sectional area of the thoracic duct differed significantly between normal and ascitic broilers. Keywords: histopathology, lymphatic system, ascite, broilers Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 264-269 Volume: 47 Issue: 9 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5833-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5833-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200209-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:47:y:2002:i:9:id:5833-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Konrádová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Uhlík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vajner Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Herget Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Adášková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Exposure to hypoxia injures tracheal epithelium (ultrastructural study) Abstract: The ultrastructure of the tracheal epithelium in rabbits exposed for 96 hours to normobaric hypoxia was studied. In rabbits placed for 96 hours in environment with increased temperature and humidity, the first phase of common response of goblet cells to injury, represented mostly by degeneration of the exhausted cells, was revealed. The decrease in O2concentration highly accelerated the reaction of the goblet cells. Due to the influence of high temperature, humidity and normobaric hypoxia, the second phase of the goblet cells' reaction, massive differentiation of new secretory elements accompanied with intraepithelial mucous glands' development, was recorded. In the ciliated cells, only mild signs of pathological alteration of deeper portions of their cytoplasm were noticed. In the area of the ciliary border, significant decrease in the number of kinocilia/μm2, increase in percentage of altered cilia and morphological signs of impairment of the vital self-cleaning ability were recorded. Keywords: airway epithelium, goblet cells, ciliated cells, ultrastructure, rabbit Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 270-276 Volume: 47 Issue: 9 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5834-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5834-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200209-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:47:y:2002:i:9:id:5834-VETMED