Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Zitnan Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: S. Kuhla Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Nürnberg Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: U. Schönhusen Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Ceresnakova Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Sommer Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Baran Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: G. Greserova Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Voigt Author-Workplace-Name: , S. K 2, K. N 2, U. S 2, Z. C 1, A. S 1, M. B 3, G. G 1, J. V 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Influence of the diet on the morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattle Abstract: This study examined the effects of extensive and intensive feeding on the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as on the level of carbohydrase activity in the small intestine of growing cattle. Fourteen growing male bulls aged 5 months were divided into two feeding groups. The extensively fed animals were kept on pasture in the summer and in a stall in the winter whereas the intensively fed group was housed all the year long. The bulls were slaughtered 16 h after the last feeding at the age of 18 months. Rumen fluid samples and mucosa samples from the ventral ruminal sac and the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were subjected to analyses. Evaluation of rumen fermentation did not reveal significant differences between the groups, however, the molar proportions of propionic acid were increased in the intensively reared bulls. As to the activity of the individual carbohydrase enzymes (maltase, cellobiase, lactase) no significant differences could be stated between the groups. Comparison to the extensively reared group revealed that the length and width of papillae of the ventral ruminal sac was significantly increased in the intensively reared animals (P < 0.001) and so was the papillar surface per cm2 of mucosa (P < 0.001). The length of duodenal villi in the intensive group was singnificantly increased (P = 0.026) whereas that of the jejuenal villi approached the limits of significance (P = 0.052) when compared to the extensive group. There were no significant differences in the depth of crypts, however, the crypts of the intensively reared animals were somewhat deeper. The length of jejunal villi positively correlated both with the length (r = 0.658; P = 0.011; n = 14) and with the absorption surface of the rumen papillae (r = 0.636; P = 0.015; n = 14). Our results confirm that high concentrate rations increase both the absorption surface of the rumen papillae and the height of villi in the small intestine of intensively fed cattle. Keywords: cattle, rumen fermentation, carbohydrase enzymes, ruminal and intestinal morphology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 177-182 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5767-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5767-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200307-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:7:id:5767-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Vecerek Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, B. T 1, P. C 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, B. T 1, P. C 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Malena Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, B. T 1, P. C 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Tremlova Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, B. T 1, P. C 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Chloupek Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, B. T 1, P. C 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Veterinary meat inspection of bovine carcasses in the Czech Republic during the period of 1995-2002 Abstract: The results of veterinary meat inspection classification of 4 000 372 bovine carcasses reflect long-term aspects of health status in cattle herds and the quality of transport and handling of animals at slaughterhouses. Veterinary inspectors recorded the data obtained from meat inspection classification of bovine carcasses at slaughterhouses in the CzechRepublicduring the period of 1995-2002 together with the reasons for classification. The trends were evaluated by a comparison of two periods (Period I, 1995-1998, and Period II, 1999-2002) by means of calculating the indexes of values from Period II compared to those of Period I. Bovine carcasses classified as capable for human consumption (edible) were found in 87.87% of cases (88.83% during Period I and 86.58% during Period II, index 0.97), while those classified as capable for processing (conditionally edible) were found in 7.53% of cases (7.38% during Period I and 7.71% during Period II, index 1.04), and those condemned in 4.60% of cases (3.79% during Period I and 5.71% during Period II, index 1.51). The most important reason for classifying the carcasses as condemned was the finding of sensorial changes in meat, which occurred in 2.56% of cases (2.23% during Period I and 3.00% during Period II, index 1.35), followed by lesions due to non-infectious diseases - 1.00% (0.81% during Period I and 1.25% during Period II, index 1.53), added deleterious substances - 0.88% (0.60% during Period I and 1.27% during Period II, index 2.11), lesions due to respiratory infections - 0.03% (0.02% during Period I and 0.04% during Period II, index 1.74), and lesions due to miscellaneous infectious diseases - 0.10% (0.10% during Period I and 0.10% during Period II, index 1.05). Other reasons to condemn the carcasses included improper identification, lesions due to digestive infections, lesions due to tuberculosis, lesions due to paratuberculosis, lesions due to salmonellosis, leucosis and parasitic diseases. The occurrence of these conditions was on the level of mere hundredths of per cent. According to the results of meat inspection classification, the risk of food-borne diseases originating from bovine carcasses tends to be greater in the lesions due to non-infectious conditions with a long-term increasing trend. A considerable increase in the numbers of bovine carcasses condemned because of lesions due to paratuberculosis (index 4.62) represents an alarming finding with regard to potential food safety hazards. Keywords: risk assessment, zoonosis, meat inspection classification, cattle, cow, bull, heifer, Johne's disease, Crohn's disease Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 183-189 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5768-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5768-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200307-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:7:id:5768-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Trcka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Bacteriology and Animal Hygiene, Veterinary University, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: J. Smarda Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Bacteriology and Animal Hygiene, Veterinary University, Vienna, Austria Title: Is there any function for colicinogeny in the post-weaning diarrhoea of piglets? Abstract: Using seven experimental approaches, we attempted to solve the question of possible participation of colicinogeny and colicin-sensitivity in the pathology of the post-weaning diarrhoeic enteritis of piglets. In our research, both enterotoxic E. coli strains (ETEC) and normal, commensal E. coli strains in the intestinal microflora of 803 weaned piglets were followed. In diarrhoeic piglets, colicinogeny was more frequent in the ETEC strains than in the simultaneously isolated commensal ones. ETEC strains were largely insensitive to the most frequently appearing colicin types and the inhibitive effect of their colicins on commensal E. coli was less likely than the opposite (inhibition of ETEC strains by colicins of the commensal ones). Bolstering the diet of healthy piglets with a mixture of symbiotic colicinogenic strains and colicin-sensitive ETEC strains could not prevent diarrhoeic enteritis due to established dominance of ETEC. In all parts of the intestinal tract during the post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), mostly non-colicinogenic strains of the commensal flora survived. In six serotypes of ETEC strains, the frequency of colicinogenic strains ranged from 7% (in the serotype O139) to 66% (in serotype O141). From 9 frequent colicin types, colicin V (mainly against the serotypes O8 and O147), E2 (against O139 and O8), D (mainly against O8) and E3 (mainly against O138) met most sensitive strains among ETEC. Hence, colicinogeny was no pathogenetic factor of PWD. Nevertheless, colicinogenic commensal strains gradually regained dominance during the decline phase of the disease in surviving piglets. Keywords: piglets, diarrhoea, enteritis, E. coli, colicinogeny Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 190-198 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5769-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5769-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200307-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:7:id:5769-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Bilal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, Author-Name: E. Erçag Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, Title: Retention of cadmium in the tissues of broiler chicks by dietary supplemental microbial phytase Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Ca : total(t) P ratio, vitamin C and microbial phytase on broiler performance and cadmium retention of broiler. In experiment, 288 day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 8 chicks each. The study was carried out for 42 days. The basal diet supplemented calcium, phosphorus, cadmium (0.5 and 5 mg/kg), zinc (20 mg/kg), vitamin C (0 and 1 g/kg) and microbial phytase (0 and 600 PU/kg feed). Differences among diets fed to individual experimental groups affect either body weight gain or feed intake and conversion after the 3 weeks and at the end of the experiment (p < 0.05). Cadmium and microbial phytase supplement to diet caused a significant increase of cadmium concentration in the tissues examined. There were significant differences in tissues concentrations of cadmium (p < 0.05) among the groups fed diets supplemented. In conclusion, addition of 600 PU feed of phytase per kg of diet compensates this effect and lowers the cadmium burden by up to 60%. Keywords: chicks, cadmium, Ca : P ratio, liver, kidney, phytase, performance, vitamin C, tibia Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 199-205 Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5770-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5770-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200307-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:7:id:5770-VETMED