Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bartl Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bartos Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: W.Y. Ayele Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Alexa Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Mycobacteria isolated from the environment of pig farms in the Czech Republic during the years 1996 to 2002 Abstract: Sources of mycobacterial infections in 50 pig herds in the Czech Republicwere investigated during the years 1996 to 2002. A total of 2 412 samples from the external environment (feeds, bedding materials, drinking water, biofilms on drinkers, scrapings from the walls, floors and pen barriers, dust, spider webs, peat, kaolin, faeces, organs of rodents, and birds, etc.) were examined. After staining by the Ziehl-Neelsen technique, acid-fast rods were detected in 95 (3.9%) samples by direct microscopic examination and mycobacteria were cultured from 575 (23.8%) samples. From Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (genotype IS901-, IS1245+) of serotypes 4, 6, 8, and 9 (272; 47.0% isolates), M. a. avium (genotype IS901+, IS1245+) of serotype 2 (13; 2.2% isolates) and M. intracellulare (genotype IS901-, IS1245-) of different serotypes (2; 0.3% isolates) were detected most frequently. Other isolates from among 14 other mycobacterial species ranked as follows: 64 M. gordonae, 47 M. fortuitum, 17 M. chelonae, 14 M. flavescens, 11 M. terrae, seven M. phlei, seven M. scrofulaceum, three M. diernhoferi, three M triviale, three M. smegmatis, two M. xenopi, one M. szulgai, one M. gastri, and one M. ulcerans. The remaining 111 isolates of unidentified species did not contain specific sequences IS901 and IS1245 characteristic for the pathogenic members of MAC (M. a. avium and M. a. hominis­suis). Peat, drinking water, biofilms on drinkers, bedding materials, feeds, free living birds, kaolin and charcoal were identified as potential sources of mycobacterial infections for pigs. Peat given to piglets as a feed supplement was the most important source of mycobacteria (65.1% positive of 327 examined samples); 81.2% of them were positive for M. a. hominissuis of serotypes 4, 6, 8, and 9. By contrast, mycobacteria of other species (M. gordonae, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. flavescens, etc.) were the main isolates obtained from drinking water and biofilms on drinkers for pigs. By culture examination, the detection rate was higher in the biofilm samples (36.4%) than in the samples of drinking water (29.6%). The third group of sites with detected high levels (26.4%) of mycobacterial contamination were various types of beddings of woody material. M. a. hominissuis of serotypes 6, 8, and 9 were the most frequent isolates from sawdust; M. a. avium serotype 2 was sporadically detected. Mycobacterial findings in other samples from the external environment (wall and floor scrapings, dust, soil from the runs, and invertebrates) gave an indication of the pressure of infection in the herds. High contamination levels in faecal samples (15.6%) and in scrapings (18.4%) from respective parts of pens and stables indicated exposure of pigs to mycobacteria. In those materials, isolation of M. a. hominissuis of serotypes 4, 6, 8, and 9 prevailed. Mycobacteria were also detected in 7.9% of 430 samples of various invertebrate species. Various mycobacterial species were identified in the larvae and puparia of Eristalis tenax and Musca spp. and in imagoes of Drosophila spp., Musca spp., family Scatophagidae, Stomoxys calcitrans, E. tenax, and in earthworms. All of the constituents of the external environment that are potential sources of mycobacterial infections should be considered during implementation of preventative measures and the control of mycobacterial infections in pig herds. Keywords: mycobacteria, pig, environment, avian tuberculosis, PCR Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 343-357 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5789-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5789-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200312-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:12:id:5789-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Ozbes Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: H.B. Ertas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: A. Muzo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Title: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of isolates of infectious bursal disease viruses from Turkey Abstract: Infectious bursal disease Virus (IBDV) specific reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain recation (RT/PCR) positive 40 broiler bursa fabricius samples obtained from a commercially reared flock were investigated for genetic diversity by PCR-RFLP assay. The assay amplifies a 743 bp fragment of the IBDV VP2 gene. The RFLP profiles of 40 of these positive samples were determined using the enzyme MboI. Most of the viruses had the same RFLP with the MboI enzyme. RFLP analysis of the isolates produced two different band profiles. The results of this study showed that little genetic heterogeneity exists among IBDV strains in a infected flock. Keywords: IBDV, RT/PCR, commercially reared chickens Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 359-362 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5790-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5790-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200312-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:12:id:5790-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Kubistova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vavrova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Literak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases Title: Polychlorinated biphenyls in raptor and owl eggs in the Czech Republic Abstract: In 2001, raptor and owl eggs were collected for the purpose of detection of contamination by poly­chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at 15 sites in the southeastern area of the Czech Republic. In total 31 unhatched eggs of 4 raptor species and 3 owl species were examined. PCB determination was carried out by high-resolution gas chromatography. PCB content was expressed in μg per 1 kg of lipid weight for the major PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180, serving as indicators. In all examined eggs the indicator PCB congeners were found. The ranges of total values of indicator PCB congeners found in different raptor and owl species were as follows: kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) 37.0 and 44.3 (n = 2), black kite (Milvus migrans) 28.3-40.5 (n = 3), imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) 66.4 (n = 1), marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) 45.1 (n = 1), barn owl (Tyto alba) 20.6-46.1 (n = 17), long-eared owl (Asio otus) 32.0-41.9 (n = 6) and tawny owl (Strix aluco) 47.5 (n = 1) μg/kg of lipid weight. PCB congener 153 was the one most frequently found. Keywords: eggs, raptors, owls, indicator PCB congeners, contaminati Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 363-368 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5791-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5791-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200312-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:12:id:5791-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Timurkaan Author-Workplace-Name: , A. A 2, M. K 2 1Department of Histology-Embryology, 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: A. Aydin Author-Workplace-Name: , A. A 2, M. K 2 1Department of Histology-Embryology, 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: M. Kaban Author-Workplace-Name: , A. A 2, M. K 2 1Department of Histology-Embryology, 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Title: Immunohistochemical localization of calbindin-D28k in the kidney and cerebellum of the porcupines (Hystrix cristata) Abstract: The localization of calbindin in the kidney and cerebellum of Hystrix cristata was investigated immu­nohistochemically using an antiserum against the 28k Da calbindin of chicken duodenum. Calbindin-D28k is an intracellular protein with a high affinity for calcium. This protein is exclusively localized in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney and in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Functionaly, calbindin-D28k is supposed to be involved in the regulation of the reabsorption of calcium in the distal nephron, though the exact regulatory mechanisms are not yet known. Keywords: calbindin-D28k, kidney, cerebellum, Hystrix cristata, immunohistochemist Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 369-372 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5792-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5792-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200312-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:12:id:5792-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Rajchard Author-Workplace-Name: , V. R 2 1Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Rajchard Author-Workplace-Name: , V. R 2 1Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Title: Defective wing development in black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) - case report Abstract: In 2000-2001 juvenile individuals of black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) were repeatedly found in a Nadeje fishpond system in the Trebon Basin Area that were incapable of flying, with deformed wings. The inves­tigation proved the rotation of metacarpal bones and luxation of the carpal joint. The Roentgen photograph did not show any consequences of any fracture, but this was evidently a post-traumatic state. A possible explanation is traumatisation of developing wings in young birds that got stuck by their wings in viscous mud around the nest colony. Keywords: black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), luxation, rotation, metacarpal bones, carpal joint Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 373-374 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5793-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5793-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200312-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:48:y:2003:i:12:id:5793-VETMED