Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Ozbey Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: A. Kilic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: H. B Ertas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: A. Muz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Pasteurella multocida and Manheimia haemolytica strains isolated from cattle, sheep and goats Abstract: n this study, 30, 15 and 1 strains of Pasteurella multocida and 9, 8 and 6 strains of Mannheimia haemolytica from cattle, sheep and goats isolated in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey, respectively were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay using a random primer (OPA-11). By RAPD assay, two and three distinct band profiles were obtained in the examination of P. multocida isolates from cattle and sheep, respectively. However, M. haemolytica isolates from cattle, sheep and goats showed only one profile and these strains were not discriminated by RAPD. This study showed that little genetic heterogeneity exists among P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolates from lungs of cattle, sheep and goats. Keywords: Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, random amplified polymorphic DNA, cattle, sheep and goats, typing Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 65-69 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5678-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5678-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200403-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:5678-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Stojcevic Author-Workplace-Name: , Z. M 2, A. M 1 1Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Mihaljevic Author-Workplace-Name: , Z. M 2, A. M 1 1Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: A. Marinculic Author-Workplace-Name: , Z. M 2, A. M 1 1Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Title: Parasitological survey of rats in rural regions of Croatia Abstract: A parasitological survey of 255 rats, trapped in rural regions of Croatia, was carried out. The survey revealed infection with 7 helminth species (2 cestodes, 5 nematodes and eggs of 2 accidental parasites). Also, 8 ectoparasite species (2 fleas, 3 lice, and 3 mites) were found. Overall infection rate was 72.6% (185 infected out of 255 rats). Eighty two of 255 rats (32.2%) were infected with ectoparasites and 166 out of 255 (65.1%) with endoparasites. Among endoparasites the most frequent parasite was Hymenolepis diminuta (36.9%) and among ectoparasites Polyplax spinulosa (14.5%). Analysing association of parasite infection with sex, age and location (household and village) we found out that none of the found parasites was sex related. On the other hand, several parasite infections increased with age and depended on habitat. As accidental finding, study showed that rats with mites tended to be infected with fleas and rats with nematodes tended to be infected with cestodes. Keywords: rat, endoparasites, ectoparasites, prevalence, risk factors Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 70-74 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5679-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5679-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200403-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:5679-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Vecerek Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, P. C 1, V. P 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, P. C 1, V. P 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Malena Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, P. C 1, V. P 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Chloupek Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, P. C 1, V. P 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pistekova Author-Workplace-Name: , A. K 2, M. M 3, P. C 1, V. P 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Organs of slaughter pigs as a source of potential risk for human health in the Czech Republic during the years 1995-2002 Abstract: The level of risk for human health originating from organs of slaughter pigs was determined on the basis of carcass inspection classification at slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic during the period of 1995-2002. The following pig's organs were included in the study: the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, and intestines. A potential level of risk relating to food safety of different organs was determined according to the numbers of the organs condemned by official veterinarians. At the same time total number of slaughtered animals was also considered. The trend of the development of potential risk was determined as an index equal to the ratio of the occurrence of condemned organs during the period of 1999-2002 to the same figures from the period of 1995-1998. The highest level of potential risk was found in porcine lungs (at the level of 66.30%) followed by kidneys (18.14%), liver (17.20%) and heart (5.15%). Increasing trend in the development of risk was found for the lungs (index 1.19), spleen (1.16) and heart (1.15). The trends were confirmed as highly significant (P < 0.01). The results indicating high levels of potential risk for food safety and increasing trends in the aforementioned organs of pigs confirmed the importance of veterinary inspection at slaughterhouses and classification of organs of slaughter pigs by official veterinarians. This way the risks for food safety are eliminated. Keywords: food safety, veterinary inspection, findings at slaughterhouses Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 75-78 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5680-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5680-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200403-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:5680-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Michalova Author-Workplace-Name: , P. N 2, J. S 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pnovotna Author-Workplace-Name: , P. N 2, J. S 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Schlegelova Author-Workplace-Name: , P. N 2, J. S 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Tetracyclines in veterinary medicine and bacterial resistance to them Abstract: Since their discovery in 1945, tetracyclines have been used extensively in the therapy and prophylaxis of infectious diseases and as growth promoters. These wide applications have led to the equally fast spread of tetracycline resistant strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial genera, including strains belonging to pathogenic as well as nonpathogenic species. Nonpathogenic bacteria could act as a reservoir of resistance determinants, which can be disseminated by horizontal transfer into pathogens. More than thirty different tetracycline resistance genes have been characterized. They encode two major mechanisms of resistance: 1 - active efflux of the antibiotic, and 2 - protection of ribosomes. Further mechanisms of tetracycline resistance include enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic, permeability barriers, mutations or multidrug transporter systems. Effective horizontal spread is favoured by the location of tetracycline resistance genes on mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. Their exchange, enhanced by the use of tetracyclines, is observed between bacteria of the same or different species and genera as well. Thus, questions of reevaluating and global reducing of tetracyclines in human and animal healthcare and food production are extensively discussed. Keywords: tetracycline resistance, tet genes, efflux pump, ribosomal protection, transposon, plasmid Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 79-100 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5681-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5681-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200403-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:5681-VETMED