Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holejsovsky Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Belobradek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Ostadalova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Chloupek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Title: Emergency slaughter of pigs due to immobility Abstract: Immobility of pigs is a reason for emergency slaughter. The goal of this project was to determine the proportion of emergency slaughters due to immobility in pigs. In a selected pig slaughter facility, emergency slaughters were monitored in the period between 1997 and 2002 and the numbers of pigs slaughtered due to immobility reasons were monitored. The conclusion was that the proportion of sows slaughtered due to immobility reasons is high (31.3%) in comparison to other pigs (9.7%) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The objective of the project was also to determine the causes of immobility in emergency slaughtered pigs. Veterinary carcass, meat and organs inspections revealed that locomotor apparatus diseases (pelvic injuries, spinal contusion injuries or injuries of limbs, hind limb paresis, limb injuries, joint and claw inflammations) were more frequent causes of emergency slaughters due to immobility in pigs than general and other conditions (cachexia and gastrointestinal tract disorders, ataxia, tetany, circulation disorders including heart insufficiency, post-delivery complications, selection and others). In sows, the number of immobile animals with the diagnosis of locomotor apparatus diseases was high (90.0%) in comparison to the general condition and other disease diagnoses (10.0%); the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). In other pigs, the number of immobile animals with the locomotor apparatus disease diagnosis was particularly high (96.4%) in comparison to the general condition and other disease diagnoses (3.6%); the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The results evidence that in sows as well as in other pigs, immobility necessitating emergency slaughters is due to unsuitable handling resulting in injuries and pareses of the locomotor apparatus rather than insufficient care leading to general conditions and other diseases. Keywords: locomotor apparatus diseases, limb injuries, joint and claw inflammations, pelvic injuries, hind limb paresis, sows, pigs Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 359-364 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5716-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5716-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200410-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:5716-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Malena Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holejsovsky Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Bartosek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Administration of the City of Prague, Czech Republic Title: Emergency slaughters in pigs in the Czech Republic during the period of 1997-2002 Abstract: The aim of the present work was to determine the most frequent causes of emergency slaughters in pigs and the trends of future development. Records from emergency slaughters of pigs all over the CzechRepublic were studied for the period of 1997-2002. The causes of emergency slaughters were divided into the following groups: infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, complications post partum, diseases of miscellaneous aetiology. The trends of future development were determined as an index equal to the ratio of relative occurrence of the findings during the period of 2000-2002 to the same figures from the period of 1997-1999. Musculoskeletal diseases were the most frequently found condition (42.39%) with stable figures in the long term (index 1.00). Neither any significant increase nor decrease in the occurrence of this type of diseases were found. Furthermore there was also high occurrence of the diseases of miscellaneous aetiology (29.51%), accounting in particular for the disease of the heart, liver and kidneys. There was a slightly increasing trend in this category of diseases (index 1.16), which was confirmed to be highly significant. The occurrence of respiratory diseases was also high (21.21%), showing the trend of slight decrease (index 0.88), which was nevertheless highly significant. The cases of emergency slaughter were reflected in the total number of condemnations in porcine carcasses (27.56%). This figure showed long-term increase (index 1.19), which was confirmed to be highly significant. It can be concluded that appropriate measures are necessary for the improvement of health status of pigs and reduction of numbers of emergency slaughters. Such measures should be in particular aimed at prevention of musculoskeletal diseases. Keywords: emergency slaughters, findings at slaughterhouses, condemnation of carcasses, pigs, musculoskeletal diseases Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 365-369 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5724-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5724-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200410-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:5724-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Rule Author-Workplace-Name: Commission of Scientific Research of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina Author-Name: C. Cordiviola Author-Workplace-Name: Commission of Scientific Research of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina Author-Name: M. Vita Author-Workplace-Name: Commission of Scientific Research of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina Author-Name: R. Lacchini Author-Workplace-Name: Commission of Scientific Research of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina Title: Correlations between milk production and kinetic variables in milk of cephalothin administered to lactating goats Abstract: The aim of the present study was to correlate the milk production and the kinetic variables in milk of cephalothin administered to goats. Twenty healthy creole goats in milk production were used. Cephalothin was administered by intravenous route (20 mg/kg b.w.). Milk samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 12.0 hours postadministration of the antibiotic. Cephalothin concentrations were measured in milk samples by high performance liquid chromatography. The values (mean ± standard error) of milk production collected during 24 hours previous to the administration of the antibiotic were 761.5 ± 111.1 ml. The results of the kinetic variables (mean ± standard error) of cephalothin in milk were: AUC = 5.4 ± 1.6 µg/ml/h; Cmax= 1.1 ± 0.3 µg/ml and tmax = 1.7 ± 0.1 h. The correlation coefficients AUC-milk production, Cmax-milk production and tmax-milk production were: 0.602 (P < 0.01), 0.596 (P < 0.01) and 0.398 (P < 0.1), respectively. In conclusion, the areas under the curve and the maximum concentrations and the time to reach them in milk are in fact related to the volume of milk produced by the goats Keywords: cephalothin, kinetic variables, correlation coefficients, lactating goats Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 370-372 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5725-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5725-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200410-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:5725-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Ozmen Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Author-Name: A. Bayir Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Author-Name: M. Cengiz Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Author-Name: A. N Sirkecioglu Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Author-Name: M. Atamanalp Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Title: Effects of water reuse system on antioxidant enzymes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss w., 1792) Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the importance of the antioxidant enzymes; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and catalase (CAT) in defense against toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). For this purpose, comparative studies were performed on the antioxidant enzyme activities in red cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) between flow-through and recirculated breeding systems G6PD, GR and SOD activities were found significantly lower in reuse system than flow-through system. But, GP and CAT activities were increased significantly in the erythrocyte of rainbow trout held in reuse water tanks. Keywords: recirculating systems, rainbow trout, reuse water, stress, antioxidant enzymes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 373-378 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5726-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5726-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200410-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:5726-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: , L. D 1, M. B 1, J. D 2, M. T 1, I. P 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska Author-Workplace-Name: , L. D 1, M. B 1, J. D 2, M. T 1, I. P 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bartos Author-Workplace-Name: , L. D 1, M. B 1, J. D 2, M. T 1, I. P 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Docekal Author-Workplace-Name: , L. D 1, M. B 1, J. D 2, M. T 1, I. P 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trckova Author-Workplace-Name: , L. D 1, M. B 1, J. D 2, M. T 1, I. P 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: , L. D 1, M. B 1, J. D 2, M. T 1, I. P 1 1Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Tuberculous lesions in pig lymph nodes caused by kaolin fed as a supplement Abstract: An increased incidence of tuberculous lesions in head and mesenteric lymph nodes from slaughtered pigs weighing about 115 kg was recorded in a herd of pigs kept in two farms A and B in the CzechRepublic. Tuberculous lesions were more frequently (P < 0.01) diagnosed in pigs from Farm A (10.4%) than from Farm B (1.1%). The follow-up investigation of potential sources of infection on Farm A revealed that the piglets were fed kaolin from a nearby mine as a supplement. Among 20 samples from the pigs' environment, atypical conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria (ACPM) were detected in four samples as follows: dust (n = 2), pig faeces (n = 1) and kaolin fed as a supplement (n = 1). Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis of genotype IS901- and IS1245+ and serotype 8 was isolated from kaolin and pig lymph nodes, M. fortuitum from stable dust and pig faeces and other ACPM from stable dust. When kaolin feeding to piglets ceased, the incidence of tuberculous lesions in these pigs at slaughter 5-6 months later decreased from 16.1% to 3.4%. No ACPM was detected on Farm B in 27 samples from the environment. An investigation of surface kaolin mines did not detect mycobacteria in non-extracted kaolin. However, surface water (three isolates among 13 samples) from the pond used for kaolin levigation and 23 batches of the final product of kaolin (10 samples from each batch, i.e. a total of 230 samples were examined) were contaminated with ACPM. Among the latter, ACPM were isolated from three samples originating from three different batches. ACPM were likely to survive during transport of the kaolin, as a suspension through the pipeline, and during its further processing to the final product (sedimentation, addition of colloid substances, drying and other procedures). Keywords: economic losses, veterinary meat inspection, Mycobacterium avium complex, zoonosis, food safety Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 379-388 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5727-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5727-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200410-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:5727-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Trckova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Kaolin, bentonite, and zeolites as feed supplements for animals: health advantages and risks Abstract: Feeding kaolin as a supplement to pigs for prevention of diarrheal diseases has been introduced into some farms in the CzechRepublic. Peat was used in the 1990s for a similar purpose; however, most farmers ceased feeding peat as a supplement because of its frequent contamination with conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria, esp. with Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis. The aim of the present paper is to review available literature from the standpoint of the advantages and disadvantages related to feeding kaolin as a supplement to animals. Its positive effects exerted through the diet primarily consist in its adsorbent capability which may be useful for detoxification of the organism and for prevention of diarrheal diseases in pigs. Because the mechanism of action of kaolin fed as a supplement is unknown, a risk related to its potential interactions with other nutrient compounds of the diet exists. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effectiveness and safety of feeding kaolin in detail with regard to the health status and performance of each farm animal species. The disadvantage of kaolin use is its potential toxicity, provided it has been mined from the environment with natural or anthropogenic occurrence of toxic compounds. Another risk factor is a potential contamination of originally sterile kaolin with conditionally pathogenic mycobacteria from surface water, dust, soil, and other constituents of the environment in the mines during kaolin extraction, processing and storage. Keywords: kaolinite, phyllosilicate, geophagy, toxic compounds, zoonoses, parasites, tuberculosis, pigs tuberculosis, feed safety Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 389-399 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/5728-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5728-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200410-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:5728-VETMED