Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Franek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hruska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Antibody based methods for environmental and food analysis: a review Abstract: Antibodies have widely been used as analytical tools in various assays and techniques developed for clinical chemistry and endocrinology and for food and environmental research and risk control. Antibody development in the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, and their application in ELISA and related techniques such as immunosensors has been directed especially to phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, s-triazine herbicides, sulfonylurea herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, surfactants (linear alkylbenzene sulphonates) and toxic metabolites (nonylphenol), and selected veterinary drugs (namely nitrofurans and sulfonamides). This paper provides an overview of progress achieved in the production of key immunoreagents in this laboratory (and in some cooperating laboratories)during the last 15 years. A comprehensive analysis of papers published on immunoassays and biosensors used in food and environmental research since 1980 demonstrates a rapid increase of publications on "ELISA and immunoassays" since 1991 (more than 500 papers were published each year since 1996). More than 200 papers on "biosensors" have been published each year since 2001. Atrazine was the most frequently found key word with ELISA and immunoassays: 438 papers were written by 971 authors from 308 institutions. The Web of Science® database is a useful tool for an assessment of the researcher's and institution's interest in the specific topics of research. Keywords: ELISA, immunoassay, biosensor, food analysis, environmental research Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 1-10 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5591-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5591-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200501-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:1:id:5591-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Sladek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Rysanek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Faldyna Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis on apoptosis of bovine mammary gland neutrophils in vitro Abstract: Neutrophils play an important role in the defence of the bovine mammary gland against bacterial infections. In the course of the resolution of mammary gland inflammation, neutrophils undergo programmed cell death - apoptosis. The aim of this study was to confirm whether the co-cultivation of neutrophils of the bovine mammary gland with either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus uberis leads to signs of apoptosis. In the study, 16 mammary glands of four virgin heifers aged 16 to 18 months were examined. Neutrophils were obtained by lavage after an induced influx. After a three-hour incubation of the neutrophils with bacteria in vitro, neutrophil apoptosis was detected by morphological features, by determination of histone-associated DNA fragments (ELISA), and by Annexin -V and propidium iodide positivity (flow cytometry). S. aureus and S. uberis reduced the incidence of karyopycnotic and zeiotic neutrophils (P < 0.01), and insignificantly reduced the concentration of histone -associated DNA fragments (P > 0.05). The incubation of neutrophils with bacteria, however, increased the proportion of Annexin -V-positive cells (P < 0.01) and Annexin -V and propidium iodide-positive cells (P < 0.05). Co-cultivation of neutrophils with either S. aureus or S. uberis led to the induction of phosphatidylserine translocation characteristic of the early stage of apoptosis. The late signs of apoptosis were delayed by co-cultivation of neutrophils with both pathogens. Therefore it is obvious that although the programmed cell death of apoptosis is initiated by these pathogens, the completion of the program is delayed. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, neutrophil, apoptosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 11-23 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5592-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5592-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200501-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:1:id:5592-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hidalgo Author-Workplace-Name: Reproduction and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: I. Rodriguez Author-Workplace-Name: Reproduction and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: J. Dorado Author-Workplace-Name: Reproduction and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: J. Sanz Author-Workplace-Name: Reproduction and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: C. Soler Author-Workplace-Name: Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Title: Effect of sample size and staining methods on stallion sperm morphometry by the Sperm Class Analyzer Abstract: Computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis has improved the assessment of sperm morphology, but the results depend on the use of adequate evaluation and staining procedures of spermatozoa from individual species. In this study, the morphological module of the Sperm Class Analyzer®was used for the morphometric analysis of stallion sperm heads and midpieces. Semen samples were obtained from six fertile stallions in order to evaluate the influence of three staining procedures (Diff-Quik, Hemacolor and Harris' Haematoxylin) on the accuracy of image processing and sperm morphometry, and the effect of the sample size on sperm morphometric measurements. Harris' Haematoxylin was the staining technique of choice on the accuracy of the image processing with an optimum contrast of sperm cells with the surrounding background that allows an efficient boundary detection and segmentation which results in the highest proportion of sperm heads and midpieces assessed (80.47%). The results indicate that the staining methods affected significantly the sperm dimensions with increased values from Diff-Quik than Hemacolor and Harris' Haematoxylin respectively (Diff-Quik > Hemacolor > Harris' Haematoxylin). No differences in morphometric parameters were found when 100, 150, 175 or 200 spermatozoa were analysed. In conclusion, to obtain objective and accurate sperm morphometric measurements by the Sperm Class Analyzer® system in the stallion, it's recommended the analysis of 100 spermatozoa from slides which have been previously stained with Harris' Haematoxylin. Keywords: ASMA, sperm head, midpiece, morphometric anlaysis, validation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 24-32 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5593-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5593-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200501-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:1:id:5593-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Dogan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: Z. Nur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: U. Gunay Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: H. Sagirkaya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: M.K. Soylu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: C. Sonmez Author-Workplace-Name: Vetifarm Veteriner Ilaclari Tic. A.S. Harbiye, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Estrous synchronization during the natural breeding season in Anatolian black does Abstract: The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) and fluorogestone acetate (FGA) sponges with or without PGF2α (cloprostenol) for synchronizing estrous in non-lactating does was investigated during the natural breeding season. Does were treated for 11 days with 60 mg MAP (n = 38) or 40 mg FGA (n = 32) sponges. All does also received intramuscular injections of 500 IU PMSG. In addition, 19 and 14 of the does synchronized with MAP and FGA respectively, were injected with 125 μg cloprostenol and the remaining does from both groups were injected with 1.5 ml of sterile saline solution, 48 h prior the sponge removal. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (36 and 48 h) following progestagen withdrawal. The different groups estrous response for the first 12 ± 6 h and within 66 h, time to onset and duration of the induced estrous, and pregnancy rate was found to be 52.6%, 92.9%, 20.6 ± 0.8 h, 29.7 ± 1.3 h, and 70.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups FGA/PMSG/PGF2α and MAP/PMSG in terms of the duration of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between groups FGA/PMSG/PGF2α and FGA/PMSG in terms of estrous response at the first 12 ± 6 h (P < 0.05). These results indicate that, the use of MAP/PMSG and FGA/PMSG intravaginal progestagen treatments with or without cloprostenol are equally efficient in synchronizing estrous in non-lactating hair goats during the natural breeding season. Keywords: goat, cloprostenol, MAP, FGA Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 33-38 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5594-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5594-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200501-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:1:id:5594-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Martinez-Subiela Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain Author-Name: J.J. Ceron Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain Title: Evaluation of acute phase protein indexes in dogs with leishmaniasis at diagnosis, during and after short-term treatment Abstract: An acute phase index based on a combination of acute phase proteins which permitted monitoring the response to therapy of canine leishmaniasis was developed and evaluated in this study. Six dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum were treated with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®, Merial, Lyon, France) 100 mg/kg/day sc, given concurrently for 20 days with allopurinol (Zyloric®, Glaxo Wellcome, Madrid, Spain) 30 mg/kg/day po and then, allopurinol alone for one month at the same dosage. Blood samples for acute phase proteins were obtained on different days before and after the beginning of treatment and two groups of indexes were calculated: (1) Indexes that combined one positive and one negative acute phase protein and (2) Indexes that combined two positive and one negative acute phase proteins. All calculated indexes were significantly higher in animals with leishmaniasis compared with clinically healthy dogs (n = 8) and a decrease was observed in all dogs tested during the treatment. Indexes that combined C-reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin (CP) with other proteins showed greater percentages of decrease that were statistically significant. Among these, the index CRP*CP/Alb was selected as the optimum since it showed a larger and faster decrease compared with the others as well as with individual proteins alone. These results would support the use of selected acute phase indexes, especially the CRP*CP/Alb index, to suspect about a leishmaniotic dogs and to monitor their response to treatment. Keywords: acute phase, indexes, leishmaniasis, dogs Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 39-46 Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5595-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5595-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200501-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:1:id:5595-VETMED