Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Vasickova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority, Headquarters, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Lorencova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Viruses as a cause of foodborne diseases: a review of the literature Abstract: Viruses cause many diseases in plants, animals, and humans. They are strict intracellular parasites with cellular specificity. Viral particles can be transmitted by different routes, such as contaminated food and water. People usually get infected orally, after ingestion of products contaminated during processing or subsequent handling or preparation. This review article is focused on the most severe foodborne viruses specific for humans, of the following genera: Norovirus, Enterovirus, Hepatovirus, Astrovirus, and some others. Methods for detecting viruses in food and strategies for preventing virus transmission via food are also discussed. Keywords: risk assessment, food safety, enteric viruses, route of transmission, RT-PCR, ELISA, foodborne viral outbreaks, zoonoses Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 89-104 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5601-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5601-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200503-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:3:id:5601-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Pikula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Author-Name: M. Beklova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Author-Name: Z. Holesovska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Author-Name: B. Skocovska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, Author-Name: F. Treml Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Infectious Diseases and Epizootology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Ecology of brucellosis of the European hare in the Czech Republic Abstract: A geographic information system was used for the analysis of ecological conditions of distribution of natural foci of brucellosis in the European hare (Lepus europaeus) and their long-term persistence in the Czech Republic. The European hare is a reservoir host of Brucella suis biotype 2. A close correlation was found between the geographic distribution and numbers of natural foci of brucellosis in the Czech Republic in 1971 to 1985 and 1986 to 2000 (r = 0.65, n = 814, P = 0.01). Natural foci of brucellosis were persistent, but not stationary, over the period of 30 years. Natural foci of brucellosis were most abundant in habitats of beech forests and the mosaic of fields and forests (xb = 3.19 and 2.95, respectively), geographic areas of 201-400 m of elevation above sea level (xb = 2.53), 0.0-2.0°C of mean annual air temperature (xb = 3.62), 1 401-1 800 mm of mean annual precipitation (xb = 4.52), 1 601-1 800 h of mean annual sunshine duration (xb = 2.64), and areas of the European hare population density of 51-100 individuals per 10 km2 (xb = 3.33). Natural foci of brucellosis seem to be independent of the population density of European hare. Keywords: Brucella suis biotype 2, geographic distribution, long-term persistence, habitats, ecological conditions Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 105-110 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5602-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5602-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200503-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:3:id:5602-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Novotna Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Alexa Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hamrik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Madanat Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Smola Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Cizek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Isolation and characterization Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from sheep and goats inJordanwith evidence of multiresistant serotype O157:H7 Abstract: Ninety-three rectal swabs of lambs and young goats from two extensively and two intensively managed herds in Jordanwere taken and examined for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The bacteriological examination included the preenrichment of rectal swabs in EC broth with novobiocin, and a subsequent parallel isolation on enterohemolysin agar and immunomagnetic separation with cultivation on CT-SMAC. The STEC O157:H7 strains were demonstrated in 8 of 32 diarrheic lambs 1- to 3-weeks old in one sheep herd with intensive milk production. In the remaining three herds, serogroups O128, O78, O15 and serotype O128:K85 of STEC strains were the most frequent findings. The presence of stx2, ehlyA and eaeA genes in all STEC O157:H7 isolates was confirmed by PCR. In two untypable STEC isolates, stx2 and ehlyA genes were detected. In other STEC non-O157 isolates, only stx1 a ehlyA genes were found. All STEC O157:H7 isolates were resistant against sulphonamides and chloramphenicol, five were also resistant against ampicillin and streptomycin, one against co-trimoxazole. One isolate was resistant against ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefuroxime), monobactams (aztreonam), sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Compared the resistant STEC O157:H7 isolates, the multiresistant isolate had a different RAPD pattern. Of 36 STEC non-O157 isolates, one isolate was resistant against sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole, and another one against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole. STEC isolates resistant against antimicrobial agents were demonstrated only in herds with intensive management. Keywords: STEC, EHEC, VTEC, HUS, antimicrobial resistance Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 111-118 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5603-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5603-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200503-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:3:id:5603-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Klimczuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Kaleczyc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Franke-Radowiecka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: K. Czaja Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: P. Podlasz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Lakomy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Immunohistochemical characterisation of cholinergic nerve fibres supplying accessory genital glands in the pig Abstract: Our previous immunohistochemical investigations revealed three major populations of nerve fibres supplying the porcine accessory genital glands (AGG) including noradrenergic, non-noradrenergic putative cholinergic and sensory nerve terminals (Kaleczyc et al., 1997). However, it is still unclear whether the non-noradrenergic nerve fibres are cholinergic in nature. The knowledge of the population of cholinergic nerve fibres in mammalian AGG based upon vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) immunohistochemistry is very limited. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to disclose the occurrence and colocalization patterns of VAChT, dopamineâ-hydroxylase (DβH) and some neuropeptides including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin (SOM) within nerve fibres supplying the porcine AGG. Double-immunohistochemical labellings showed that VAChT-positive nerve terminals were non-adrenergic (DâH-negative), however, many of them contained immunoreactivities to VIP, NPY and/or SOM. The coexistence patterns of these biologically active substances in nerve fibres supplying particular glands are similar but the density of cholinergic innervation varies between the organs. The innervation of the seminal vesicle and prostatic body is better developed than that of the disseminated part of the prostate and bulbourethral glands. The majority of cholinergic nerve fibres associated with blood vessels supplying the glands contain VIP and NPY and, to a lesser degree, SOM. The possible function and origin of the cholinergic nerve fibre population are discussed. Keywords: accessory genital glands, cholinergic innervation, neuropeptides, immunohistochemistry, pig Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 119-130 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5604-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5604-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200503-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:3:id:5604-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Aydin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: S. Yilmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: G. Dinc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: D. Ozdemir Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Author-Name: M. Karan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Title: The morphology of circulus arteriosus cerebri in the porcupine (Hystrix cristata) Abstract: : The circulus arteriosus cerebri of the porcupine was investigated in this study. Five porcupines were used. Coloured latex was given from the left ventricles of three and from the communis carotid artery of two porcupines. The circulus arteriosus cerebri was examined after dissection was done. The basilar artery was formed by a merge of the right and left vertebral artery. The caudal communicans artery which was the caudal part of circulus arteriosus cerebri was formed by the basilar artery on crus cerebri. From caudal to cranial, the branches originating from the basilar artery and circulus arteriosus cerebri to cerebrum and cerebellum were as follows: caudal cerebelli artery, media cerebelli artery, rostral cerebelli artery, caudal choroidea artery, artery which extended to the mesencephalon, caudal cerebral artery, internal ophthalmic artery, rostral choroidea artery, media cerebral artery, rami striati and rostral cerebral artery. The rostral cerebral artery dexter and sinister joined to each other by the rostral communicans artery, forming the circulus arteriosus cerebri. It was determined that the internal carotid artery did not participate in the formation of circulus arteriosus cerebri and the arterial blood to the circulus arteriosus cerebri of porcupine is provided via the basilar artery only. Keywords: circulus arteriosus cerebri, brain, porcupine, Hystrix cristata Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 131-135 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5605-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5605-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200503-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:3:id:5605-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Synek Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic of Eye Diseases and Optometry, St. Anna Medical Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Pac Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy of Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Transmission electron microscopy of the vitreous body tissue in chronic hemophthalmos Abstract: Haemolytic products arising in chronic hemophthalmos cause cellular infiltration, necrosis of the vitreous structure, and fibrous membrane formation. In this process, retinal pigment epithelium plays an important role for its antioxidant properties and the capability to phagocyte the decay products. Keywords: retinal pigment epithelium, proliferative vitreoretinopathy Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 136-138 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5606-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5606-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200503-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:3:id:5606-VETMED