Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Pokorova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vesely Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Piackova Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology in Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Reschova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hulova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Current knowledge on koi herpesvirus (KHV) - a review Abstract: The first outbreaks of a disease connected with high mortality of common carp and koi carp caused by koi herpesvirus (KHV) were reported in 1998 in Israel and in the United States. Since then, several cases have been confirmed all over the world. At present, this viral disease is considered to be one of the most risky factors affecting populations of common carp and koi carp. Affected fish become disoriented and swim erratically with high breathing frequency, swollen gills and partially local skin lesions. The virus was isolated from the tissues of fish showing signs of the disease and subsequently cultured on koi fin (KF-1) cells. Electron microscopic examinations revealed morphological signs identical with viruses of the family Herpesviridae. Analysis of virion polypeptides and gene DNA showed the differences between KHV and the well-known herpesvirus of cyprinids, Herpesvirus cyprini (CHV), and Channel catfish virus (CCV). Water temperature is a factor influencing the onset and severity of disease. Fish seem most susceptible at water temperatures of 18-28°C, no morbidities occur at 13°C and 30°C. At present, diagnosis of KHV is mainly based on detection of viral DNA by PCR method. Keywords: koi, common carp, herpesvirus, koi herpesvirus Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 139-148 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5607-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5607-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200504-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:4:id:5607-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Havlicek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: M. Lopatarova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Cech Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Dolezel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Huber Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: A. Pavlok Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic Author-Name: G. Brem Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: AGROBIOGEN GmbH, Biotechnologie, Hilgertshausen, Germany Author-Name: U. Besenfelder Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department for Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: In vivo culture of bovine embryos and quality assessment of in vivo vs. in vitro produced embryos Abstract: Routine access to the bovine oviduct for in vivo culture accomplishes various demands on embryo production for scientific as well as commercial purposes. The experiments conducted in the present study focused on the efficiency of recovery methods after temporary in vivo culture of bovine embryos in oviducts of the homologous species using transvaginal endoscopy (Experiment I) and on the quality assessment of recovered blastocysts (Experiment II). In Experiment I in vitro matured oocytes were fertilized, cultured for 1 to 3 days and transferred unilaterally into the ipsilateral oviducts of 54 heifers by the means of transvaginal endoscopy. After 4 to 6 days of in vivo culture embryos were re-collected either by non-surgical flushing of uterine horns (U-group) or by combined flushing of the oviducts and uterine horns (OU-group). In total the recovery rate was 38.4% (780/2029). After flushing at day seven, 106 blastocysts (blastocyst rate: 13.6% ) were found. The additional 24 h of in vitro culture (day eight) resulted in 153 blastocysts (blastocyst rate: 19.6% ). The recovery rate in the OU-group was twice as efficient as in the U-group (390/1358 vs. 390/671, P < 0.01). The recovery rates among the different stages of transferred embryos did not differ significantly; likewise cross-effects among the stages and the recovery methods were non-significant. The recovery methods (P < 0.001) and the interaction between the recovery methods and the stages of transferred embryos (P < 0.01) had an influence on blastocyst yields on day seven (U-group 37/1358 vs. OU-group 69/671) and day eight (U-group 48/1358 vs. OU-group 105/671). In Experiment II embryo quality was assessed by the survival rate of blastocysts after freezing in ethylene glycol. Day seven embryos were produced in vitro (in vitro group D7) or by IVM/IVF followed by a combined culture procedure (2 to 3 days in vitro prior to 4 to 5 days in vivo) (in vivo group D7) or after superovulation and collection at day seven (superovulation group). Embryos from in vitro group D7 re-expanded only for 6 h after thawing, embryos from in vivo group D7 and superovulation group were alive for 24 h and 72 h of culture, respectively. Only embryos derived by superovulation showed hatching activity. Blastocysts from the in vitro group D7 and the in vivo group D7 that were held in culture medium for additional 24 h (day eight) showed an analogous post-thawing culture behaviour. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that some embryos transferred for in vivo culture remain in the oviduct even at day seven. Hence, combined flushing of oviducts and uterine horns after in vivo culture in the bovine oviduct is necessary for effective embryo re-collection. The quality of recovered embryos after temporary in vivo culture assessed by cryotolerance was in-between those produced in vitro or recovered after superovulation. Keywords: cattle, cryotolerance, transvaginal endoscopy, oviduct Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 149-158 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5608-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5608-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200504-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:4:id:5608-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hamadejova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vitovec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Title: Occurrence of the coccidium Isospora suis in piglets Abstract: In the period October 2002-September 2004 we examined 2 996 samples of faeces of piglets at the age of 2-47 days. Samples were collected as so called "composite" ones from the pen floor. Samplings were done in 8 herds in Ceske Budejovice district. One herd was kept on the slatted floor, the other herds were housed on litter. Coprological examinations were carried out within 24 hours after sampling, and Sheather's sugar solution was used. Average prevalence of the coccidium Isospora suis was 24.8%. Isosporosis prevalence in piglets was highest on day 13 of piglet age (46.3%) and at week 2 after birth (38.8%). With respect to seasonal dynamics of isosporosis the frequency of findings was highest in autumn 2002 (29.0%) and lowest in summer 2003 (20.0%). In infected piglets the presence of I. suis was detected most frequently in connection with watery diarrhoeas (39.0%) and least frequently in piglets with shaped faeces (19.0%). From the aspect of infection intensity most infections (58.2%) were weak and fewest infections (2.9%) were severe. Isosporosis occurred on all examined farms. Keywords: Isospora suis, isosporosis, prevalence, piglets Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 159-163 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5610-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5610-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200504-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:4:id:5610-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Nogrady Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phage-typing and Molecular Epidemiology, 'Johan Bela' National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: I. Gado Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phage-typing and Molecular Epidemiology, 'Johan Bela' National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: P. Zsolt Fekete Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: J. Paszti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phage-typing and Molecular Epidemiology, 'Johan Bela' National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary Title: Chloramphenicol resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from human and animal sources in Hungary Abstract: The presence of the chloramphenicol resistance genes cat, cmlA, flo, and the role of plasmids and class 1 integrons in the spread and persistence of chloramphenicol resistance were investigated on a collection of 40 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains isolated from animals and humans in Hungary, by PCR and conjugation. Three groups of chloramphenicol resistant strains were identified. Eleven animal and 13 human isolates harboured the flo gene, encoding resistance to chloramphenicol and florfenicol, and possessed integrons of 1.0 Kb and 1.2 Kb typically found on the multidrug resistance island of S. Typhimurium DT104. Fifteen human strains had two different chloramphenicol resistance genes: the catB3 gene, identified as a gene cassette within a 1.45 Kb integron, and the catA gene, both of which were located on and transferred by a 140 Kb plasmid from a representative strain to the E. coli recipient via conjugation. A single animal strain had the catA gene alone, which was also transferred by a 35 Kb plasmid via conjugation. These three groups of strains belonged to three distinct genetic clusters, as it was revealed by macrorestriction analysis of 18 selected strains. This study provides information on the versatile genetic background of the chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistances in S. Typhimurium in Hungary and points to the significance of mobile genetic elements such as conjugative R-plasmids and integrons in the spread and persistence of chloramphenicol resistance genes. The results also indicate the predominance of the flo gene among animal strains and its appearance among human strains inHungary. Keywords: S. Typhimurium, chloramphenicol resistance, flo, cat, conjugative R-plasmid Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 164-170 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5609-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5609-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200504-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:4:id:5609-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Steinhauserova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Nebola Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mikulicova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Title: Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in slaughtered pigs in the Czech Republic, 2001-2003 Abstract: The prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was evaluated in the caecum and on carcasses of pigs at slaughter and in the facilities of slaughterhouses in the period of 2001- 2003. During that timeframe, prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in both the pigs and the environment of slaughterhouses decreased. In 2001, Campylobacter spp. were detected in 34% of 316 samples; in 2002 there were 27% of positive findings out of the 624 samples; and in 2003, Campylobacter spp. were detected in 16% out of 300 samples. Campylobacter spp. were mostly found primarily in the caecum (292 isolates) and in smears collected from carcasses (21 isolates), while Campylobacter spp. were isolated only sporadically from the work surfaces of equipment in slaughterhouses. The majority of isolates were identified as C. coli. In 2001, 16 out of 109 strains of Campylobacter spp. were identified as C. jejuni; in 2002, 8 out of 167 strains were C. jejuni; and in 2003, none of 47 isolates was identified as C. jejuni. Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, slaughter, pigs Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 171-174 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5611-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5611-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200504-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:4:id:5611-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pate Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: M. Ocepek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: M. Zolnir-Dovc Author-Workplace-Name: University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia Author-Name: B. Krt Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Characterization of genetic diversity of animal and human Mycobacterium avium strains by IS1245-IS1311 spacer typing Abstract: A PCR method previously developed for typing Mycobacterium avium was used to characterize the genetic diversity of M. avium strains isolated from swine (n = 90) and humans (n = 24). The strains were identified with IS901 PCR and IS1245 PCR: 38 strains were of IS901+ and IS1245+ genotype (M. avium subsp. avium) and 76 strains were of IS901- and IS1245+ genotype (M. avium subsp. hominissuis). All human isolates were IS901 negative. IS1245-IS1311 spacer typing was successfully accomplished for 59 isolates while 55 isolates gave no amplification signal. The isolates with negative typing results were additionally tested for the presence of IS1311 and all with the exception of one gave positive results. IS1245-IS1311 spacer typing failed in all IS901+ isolates as they yielded no bands. A high degree of heterogeneity among isolates was observed: 59 isolates demonstrated 43 different patterns comprising up to 6 bands. Keywords: mycobacteria, genotyping, insertion sequences, banding patterns, swine, humans Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 175-180 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5612-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5612-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200504-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:4:id:5612-VETMED