Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Kroupova Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Machova Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Nitrite influence on fish: a review Abstract: Nitrite is an intermediate in the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate. An elevated ambient nitrite concentration is a potential problem for freshwater fish since nitrite is actively taken up across the gills in competition with chloride. Nitrite is a well-known toxicant for fish as well as a disrupter of multiple physiological functions including ion regulatory, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and excretory processes. One critical consequence of nitrite accumulation is the oxidation of haemoglobin to methaemoglobin, compromising blood oxygen transport. Nitrite toxicity to fish varies considerably and depends on a large number of external and internal factors. Among the most important ones are water quality (e.g. pH, temperature, cation, anion and oxygen concentration), length of exposure, fish species, fish size and age, and individual fish susceptibility. Chloride concentration in water is considered one of the most important factors influencing nitrite toxicity to fish. The importance of individual factors is assessed and re-evaluated continuously. Keywords: nitrite, fishes, toxicity mechanism, aquatic environment, physiological disturbances, water quality, age, length of exposure Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 461-471 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5650-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5650-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5650-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Zitnan Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: S. Kuhla Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: P. Sanftleben Author-Workplace-Name: State Research Institute for Agriculture and Fishery, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Institute of Animal Production, Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: A. Bilska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: F. Schneider Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: M. Zupcanova Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Voigt Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany Title: Diet induced ruminal papillae development in neonatal calves not correlating with rumen butyrate Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the development of rumen mucosa and the level of plasma IGF-1 in calves induced by different amounts and types of milk replacers and solid diet. Forty-five male Holsteincalves 7 days of age were assigned to three groups: group I milk free replacer, late weaned; group II milk free replacer, early weaned, and group III milk replacer, early weaned. All animals received additional concentrate, water and maize silage were offered ad libitum. In each group, three calves were slaughtered at 41 days of age. The concentration of ruminal total SCFA and the molar proportion of butyrate did not differ between the groups, but the molar proportion of acetate was lower (P = 0.01) and the proportion of propionate was higher (P = 0.02) in early weaned calves. Compared to the late weaned calves (group I) the length, width and surface of the papillae of atrium ruminis, the length and width of the papillae of ventral ruminal sac and the length of the papillae of ventral blind sac were greater (P < 0.05) in the early weaned calves fed low amounts of milk and high amounts of concentrate (group III). Furthermore, there was a tendency of plasma IGF-1 concentration to be increased (P = 0.1) in early weaned calves. The plasma levels of glucose and insulin were decreased (P < 0.01, and P = 0.03, respectively). Positive correlations existed between papillae length and plasma IGF-1 concentrations (P < 0.10). Insulin and glucose concentrations were negatively correlated with parameters of papillae development (P < 0.1). In conclusion, the development of rumen papillae was stimulated in calves consuming increased amounts of concentrate. The effect was not correlated with the molar proportion of butyrate, but with the molar propionate proportion in the rumen and with the plasma IGF-1 concentration Keywords: calves, rumen fermentation, ruminal morphology, IGF-1 Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 472-479 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5651-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5651-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5651-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Jalc Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Potkanski Author-Workplace-Name: August Cieszkowski Agricultural University, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Szumacher-Strabel Author-Workplace-Name: August Cieszkowski Agricultural University, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: A. Cieslak Author-Workplace-Name: August Cieszkowski Agricultural University, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Certik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Chemical Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of microbial oil, evening primrose oil and borage oil on rumen fermentation in vitro Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of microbial oil, evening primrose oil and borage oil on rumen fermentation of a diet consisting of 80% of hay and 20% of barley in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). All three oils contained gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), microbial oil - 8.4%, evening primrose oil - 9.2% and borage oil - 23.7% out of the total fatty acid content. The experiment in Rusitec lasted 11 days. After a stabilization period (5 days), microbial oil (5% wt/wt) was added into fermentation vessel V2, evening primrose oil (5% wt/wt) into V3 and borage oil (5%wt/wt) into V4 (6 days). Fermentation vessel V1 served as a control (without oils). The results showed that the oils did not affect any of the basal parameters of rumen fermentation (pH, NH3-N, degradation of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre). Methane production (mmol/day) was reduced numerically by the oils; microbial oil, evening primrose oil and borage oil decreased CH4 production about 11.32%, 11.45% and 2.04%, respectively. The supplementation of the oils to the total mixed ration (TMR) significantly decreased percentage proportions of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, about 0.1-0.3%), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA, about 8%) and increased long-chain fatty acids (LCFA, about 8%) in the effluent. Stearic acid C18:0 was the major FA in the effluent and was significantly reduced in oil supplemented diets. The percentage proportion of trans C18:1 isomers significantly increased (1.7-2 times) in all oil supplemented diets. The main intermediates - cis 9, trans 11 C18:2 (CLA) and trans 11 C18:1 (TVA) also increased after oil supplementation of the diet. TVA concentration with microbial oil, evening primrose oil and borage oil supplementation was 3.17%, 8.19% and 9.3% in comparison with the control (1.38%). CLA concentration significantly increased 2.3, 1.2, and 2.1 times after microbial oil, evening primrose oil and borage oil supplementation in Rusitec. Finally, the oil supplementation caused incomplete biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA and it was characterized by an increase in TVA concentration and TVA to C18:0 ratio in oil supplemented diets. Keywords: microbial oil, evening primrose oil, borage oil, rumen fermentation, CLA, TVA Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 480-486 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5652-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5652-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5652-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Wrobel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Kotwica Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phytoestrogens on prostaglandin F2α and E2secretion from bovine endometrial cells at a postovulatory stage of the estrous cycle Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phytoestrogens were found to affect contractions of bovine uterus. Prostaglandins (PG) F2á and E2 are also involved in the uterine contractility. Hence the aim of these studies was to investigate the effect of PCBs and some phytoestrogens on PG secretion from endometrial cells obtained on days 1-5 of the oestrous cycle. Cells were incubated in aerated atmosphere at 38°C for 24 h, separately with the mixture of PCBs - Aroclor 1248 (10 ng/ml), with individual congeners -77, -126 or -153 (each at the dose 100 g/ml), coumestrol, daidzein or genistein (each at the dose 10-6M) or jointly each PCB with each of the phytoestrogens. Using the TOX1-kit neither Aroclor 1248 (Ar 1248) nor individual congeners were found to affect the viability of cells compared to the control (P > 0.05). All used PCBs markedly increased the metabolite of PGF2á(PGFM) concentrations (P < 0.05) but not PGE2 (P > 0.05). Hence the ratio of PGF2á to PGE2 was also increased by PCBs. However, when these cells were incubated with each of the phytoestrogens, there was a decrease in both PGF2á and PGE2 secretion compared to the control (P < 0.05) but without altering the PGF2á : PGE2 ratio. Moreover, phytoestrogens could clearly reduce the concentrations of PGFM elicited by PCBs, and they reduced PGE2 secretion compared to that evoked by PCB-126 and -153 only. Thus phytoestrogens can restore the proper ratio of PGF2á : PGE2 secreted by the bovine endometrium. Keywords: PCBs, phytoestrogens, endometrium, PGF2á, PGE2, cattle Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 487-495 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5653-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5653-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5653-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kyllar Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Witter Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Title: Prevalence of dental disorders in pet dogs Abstract: Oral disorders of the dog represent for veterinarians a medical challenge and an important field of interest from the economical point of view. Although many epidemiological studies on dental diseases in beagles bred under controlled conditions have been realized, information on frequency of these alterations in populations of pet dogs, especially in Central Europe, is far from complete. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of the most common oral diseases in dogs in a Czech urban region. A total number of 408 dogs, presented at a private Czech urban veterinary hospital for different reasons, were analyzed. Site specificity and severity of dental diseases were assessed using modified indexing systems. Dental alterations could be found in 348 out of 408 dogs (85.3%). The most frequent diseases were (i) periodontitis (60.0% of 408 dogs), (ii) calculus (61.3%), (iii) missing teeth (33.8%), and (iv) abnormal attrition (5.9%). Furthermore, single cases of caries, tumors and enamel hypoplasia could be observed. Periodontitis occurred preferentially in the upper jaw of small dogs and increased with age. The labial/buccal side of teeth was affected more severely than the lingual/palatinal side. Differences between left and right side could not be observed. Malocclusion and insufficient oral hygiene care seem to predispose to periodontitis. As periodontitis, dental calculus occurred preferentially in small dogs and increased with age. The prevalence of calculus formation did not differ between left and right side. However, the upper jaw showed a higher degree of affection than the mandible. On the labial/buccal side of the teeth, a thicker calculus layer could be observed than lingually/palatinally. Interestingly, the degree of calculus formation and of periodontitis did not correlate in all cases, supporting the hypothesis that supragingival calculus per se is not an irritant. The pattern of tooth loss was the same between left and right side and between upper and lower jaw. Most commonly, the first premolars were missing followed by incisors and other premolars and molars. Tooth loss for other reasons than periodontitis and single cases of tooth agenesis has not been detected in our study. (Abnormal) tooth wear was detected only in older dogs and affected mostly canines and premolars of large breeds. Age estimation based on dental attrition should be carried out with care, because tooth wear depends on keeping conditions and feeding of the dog. Our study confirmed the high prevalence of oral diseases in dogs. Veterinarians could improve the effectiveness of treatment concentrating their diagnostic efforts on age groups and types of teeth at highest risk, as assessed in this and other reports. Keywords: periodontitis, periodontal disease, calculus, missing teeth, tooth loss, attrition, tooth wear, diagnosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 496-505 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5654-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5654-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5654-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.R. Alam Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.H. Shin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.B. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: I.H. Choi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: N.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Title: Hypospadias in three calves: a case report Abstract: Two to three weeks old 3 male indigenous Korean calves weighing 35-40 kg were referred to the Animal Medical Centre,ChonbukNationalUniversitywith signs of urine scalding on the ventral perineum. Physical examination in all 3 cases revealed aplasia of the penis along with an undescended testis, bifid scrotum and ventrally incomplete sheath. In case 1, the urethra opened cranially to the bifid scrotum, whereas in case 2 and 3, the urethra opened at the ventral perineum. The diagnosis was made as hypospadias, along with penile aplasia and unilateral cryptorchidism. With an exploratory laparotomy, the abdominal testis was removed. The scrotal testis was also castrated and scrotal ablation was performed. In case 1, prescrotal urethrostomy and in case 2 and 3, perineal urethrostomy was performed. Two weeks after surgical correction, the caves appeared to be urinating normally. Keywords: hypospadias, cryptorchidism, penile aplasia, urethrostomy, calf Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 506-509 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5655-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5655-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5655-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Beladicova Author-Workplace-Name: State Veterinary and Food Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Valentova Author-Workplace-Name: State Veterinary and Food Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: First cases of canine dirofilariosis inSlovakia: a case report Abstract: Dogs from two locations in West Slovakiasuspected to have dirofilariosis were tested with the help of microfilariae detection, histochemical identification of microfilaria species and Dirofilaria immitis specific antigen detection in the blood serum. Six out of the group of 15 dogs from Bratislava region were found positive with Dirofilaria repens microfilariae. In the second location situated farther to the south, near Komarno, 6 out of 7 dogs were found positive with D. repens microfilariae and 2 with D. immitis. Serological detection of D. immitis antigen was positive in 3 cases among the dogs from this region, 2 of which were found positive with D. immitis microfilariae simultaneously with D. repens. The infection was asymptomatic in all of the dogs included in the trial. Keywords: Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis, dog, autochthonous canine dirofilariosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 510-512 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5656-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5656-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5656-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Kuticic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 3Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: T. Wikerhauser Author-Workplace-Name: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Gracner Title: A survey of rats and mice for latent toxoplasmosis inCroatia: a case report Abstract: Academyof Sciences and Arts,Zagreb,Croatia ABSTRACT: Brain tissues of 142 rats and 86 mice were bioassayed for toxoplasms. Each tissue was homogenized and subcutaneously injected into 4 SPF mice. Six weeks later, the mice were euthanatized and their brains were examined microscopically for Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts. Two (1.4%) of the rats but none of the mice were positive. This is the first isolation of T. gondii from rats inCroatia. Keywords: rats, mice, Toxoplasma, bioassay, Croatia Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 513-514 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/5657-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5657-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200511-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:50:y:2005:i:11:id:5657-VETMED