Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F.K. Mohammad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Author-Name: B.K. Al-Baggou' Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Author-Name: A.S. Alias Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Author-Name: G.A.M. Faris Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Title: Application of an electrometric method for measurement of in vitroinhibition of blood cholinesterases from sheep, goats and cattle by dichlorvos and carbaryl Abstract: A modified electrometric method was described in sheep, goats and cattle and used to demonstrate in vitro inhibition of plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities by the organophosphate and carbamate insecticides dichlorvos and carbaryl, respectively. A typical reaction mixture for the measurement of cholinesterase activity contained 3 ml distilled water, 3 ml barbital-phosphate buffer (pH 8.1), 0.2 ml plasma or erythrocytes and 0.1 ml acetylthiocholine iodide (7.5%) as a substrate. The mixture was incubated at 37οC for 30 min in sheep, 40 min in goats and 20 min in cattle. The pH of the reaction mixture was determined by a pH meter before and after the incubation. The initial pH was measured before the substrate addition. The enzyme activity was expressed as ∆pH/incubation time = (pH1 - pH2) - ∆pH of blank. The method of inhibitor-cholinesterase incubation was used to measure the in vitro inhibition of plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities. Dichlorvos in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μm inhibited plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities by 24-85%, whereas carbaryl in concentrations of 5 and 10 μm inhibited them by 50-89%. The results suggest that the described electrometric method could be efficiently used for detecting cholinesterase inhibition in ruminants, and further point to the value of the present experimental protocol of in vitro cholinesterase inhibition in preliminary toxicological examinations of anticholinesterase compounds Keywords: cholinesterase, organophosphate, carbamate, electrometric method, in vitro, ruminant Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 45-50 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5516-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5516-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:2:id:5516-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Yazar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: A.L. Bas Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: Y.O. Birdane Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocetepe, Afyon, Turkey Author-Name: K. Yapar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kafkas, Kars, Turkey Author-Name: M. Elmas Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: B. Tras Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey Title: Determination of intracellular (neutrophil and monocyte) concentrations of free and liposome encapsulated ampicillin in sheep Abstract: In the current study, intracellular (neutrophil and monocyte) concentrations of free and liposome encapsulated ampicillin in sheep were investigated. Free ampicillin (5 mg/kg b.w.) and liposome encapsulated ampicillin (5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered as a bolus intravenous injection to sheep. After the injections, blood samples (5 ml) were collected into tubes from v. jugularis at 10, 30, 60 minutes and 2, 4 and 8 hours. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated, and lysed in distilled water. Ampicillin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that liposome encapsulated ampicillin caused the higher intracellular concentrations within neutrophil (ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 1.393 to 5.416) and monocyte (ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 0.973 to 2.906) cells than free ampicillin, and liposome encapsulated ampicillin existed a longer length of time within neutrophil (4 hours) and monocyte (4 hours) cells than free ampicillin (60 minutes), as well. This formulation may be beneficial, in that the treatment of intracellular infections are caused by sensitive bacteria. Keywords: ampicillin, liposome, neutrophil, monocyte, intracellular concentrations Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 51-54 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5517-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5517-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:2:id:5517-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Besoluk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Campus, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: E. Eken Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Campus, Konya, Turkey Author-Name: S. Bahar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Campus, Konya, Turkey Title: The branches of the descending palatine artery and their relation to the vomeronasal organ inAngoragoats Abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the branches of the descending palatine artery, and its relation to the vomeronasal organ inAngoragoats. For this purpose, ten heads of adultAngoragoats obtained from a slaughterhouse were used. The ramifications of the latex enjected descending palatine artery and their vomeronasal organ-related findings were revealed by fine dissection and transverse sections. Arterial blood reached the caudally vomeronasal organ primarily via the sphenopalatine artery, and also cranially via a fine branch of the major palatine artery by crossing the palatine fissure. The average diameters of both the descending palatine artery and its branches were thicker on the left side than on the right, and its ramifications were not variable in this species. Keywords: vomeronasal organ, descending palatine artery, anatomy, Angora goat Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 55-59 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5518-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5518-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:2:id:5518-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Besoluk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Author-Name: E. Eken Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Author-Name: E. Sur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Campus, Konya, Turkey Title: A morphological and morphometrical study on the sacculus rotundus and ileum of the Angora rabbit Abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal morphological and morphometrical properties of the sacculus rotundus (SR) and ileum in the Angora rabbit. For this purpose, a total of thirteen adult healthy Angorarabbits of both sexes were used. At the level of the junction of the ileum and SR, the ileum invaginated into the SR by protruding in 9 Angorarabbits, but joined directly the SR in 21. Numerous aggregate lymph follicles located just under the tunica serosa formed outstanding macroscopic polygonal areas on the external surface of the SR. In the inner wall of the SR, irregular projections were seen grossly. The saccorotundocecal orifice was found to be bordered laterally by two folds facing the cecum. These folds enclosed small polygonal spaces with mushroom shaped protrusions. The mean lengths and weights of SR and ileum in male were larger than those in female, and the related values also had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Compared with the ileum, the SR had short and thick villi, had a large amount of crypts and aggregated lymphoid follicles, and had a much thicker wall and much wider lumen. The crescent-like-hollows were detected between the lamina propria and the apical portions of the lymph follicles. The results from this study are thought to shed light on future studies on the digestive system and proper diagnosis of pathological disorders related to it in the Angora rabbit, and to contribute to the present morphological knowledge on the SR and ileum in this species. Keywords: sacculus rotundus, ampulla ilei, ileum, morphology, Angora rabbit Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 60-65 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5519-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5519-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:2:id:5519-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Atalar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, Author-Name: A.O. Ceribasi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Title: The morphology of the penis in porcupine (Hystrix cristata) Abstract: : In this study, histological and macroanatomical structures of porcupine penis were examined on 3 adult male porcupines. The non-erectile position of porcupine penis was directed to caudal. There was an obvious collum penis. Glans penis with a black colour was easily distinguished from corpus penis which had a white color. There were cornified papillae covering on both the glans penis and corpus penis. Two small nail symmetrical structures were noted in connective tissue just behind of glans penis, and under the urethra of the corpus penis were distinguished. Histological examinations indicated that these structures histologically fulfilled completely to the name as the nail contained an inner and an outer layer, namely, connective tissue and keratin, respectively. Histological evaluations also showed that it is suitable to categorize the porcupines penis as vascular type. In conclusion, the anatomy of porcupine penis was initially examined in the present study. Our findings will make an important contribution to the knowledge of similar subjects. Keywords: Hystrix cristata, porcupine, penis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 66-70 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5520-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5520-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:2:id:5520-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Altunatmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: S. Ozsoy Author-Workplace-Name: Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey Title: Carpal flexural deformity in puppies Abstract: Carpal flexural deformity was determined in a total of 31 puppies, of which 28 were brought to our clinic, and 3 were reported by a practicing veterinary surgeon. Ages of the puppies ranged between 6-24 weeks. The dogs belonged to 10 different breeds. Following clinical and radiological examination of the puppies, blood samples were taken and calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) values were recorded. Slight increases in these mineral values were determined in some of the patients. A splint with a caudal aluminium support, padded with a large amount of cotton, was applied to all puppies with deformity. This splint was kept on for 10 days, and repeated in some cases. The diets of the puppies were planned. Keywords: carpus, flexural deformity, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 71-74 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5522-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5522-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200602-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:2:id:5522-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Bezdekova Author-Workplace-Name: Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Jahn Author-Workplace-Name: Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mezerova Author-Workplace-Name: Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Pyloric ulceration and stenosis in a two-year-old thoroughbred filly: a case report Abstract: The case of the two year old thoroughbred filly presented here has been diagnosed with and treated for equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS). The results of her examination are documented over a five month period. The patient was finally hospitalised with acute severe colic. Absence of chronic clinical problems common for pyloric stenosis can be attributed to the permanent antiulceration medication of the filly. The diagnosis of pyloric stenosis was made by exploratory laparotomy and confirmed by necropsy. Keywords: horse, pyloric stenosis, gastric ulceration, thoroughbred, colic Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 75-80 Volume: 51 Issue: 2 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5523-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5523-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200602-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:2:id:5523-VETMED