Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Wellnitz Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Station, Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Posieux, Switzerland Author-Name: P. Reith Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany Author-Name: S.C. Haas Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany Author-Name: H.H.D. Meyer Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany Title: Immune relevant gene expression of mammary epithelial cells and their influence on leukocyte chemotaxis in response to different mastitis pathogens Abstract: Different mastitis pathogens induce different courses of infection, i.e. more or less severe. Mammary epithelial cells play an important role in the initial combat against microorganisms by expression of cytokines and acute phase proteins that regulate the immune response. The objective of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the epithelial cells into the outcome of mastitis induced by different pathogens. Primary epithelial cell cultures isolated from milk were used to test the immune response by measuring the mRNA expression of immunomodulators and their influence on polymorph nuclear chemotaxis. Because the cells showed different responses to isolated bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycans) compared to whole bacteria, they were treated with heat inactivated (10 MOI) gram-negative Escherichia coli, a very common pathogen causing acute intra-mammary infections, with Staphylococcus aureus, a prevalent cause of chronic, and, Streptococcus uberis, an inducer of acute and chronic mastitis. E. coli induced an increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-8 within a 1 h treatment. A treatment for 6 h with E. coli and S. aureus induced increased mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-á and serum amyloid A (SAA). After a 24 h treatment the expression of these immunomodulators was still elevated, except in the E. coli treatment the SAA expression showed no differences to control cells anymore. Interestingly, Str. uberis in the same concentration did only induce the expression of IL-8 after a 6 h treatment but had no influence on other immunomodulator mRNA expression. Cell culture supernatants of E. coli and S. aureus treated cells for 12 h increased leukocyte chemotaxis in a 96-well MultiScreenTMMIC-plate. S. aureus seemed to induce increased chemotaxis after shorter treatments than E. coli. In conclusion, mammary epithelial cells are involved in the different immune response to various mastitis pathogens, and the induction of chemotaxis of leukocytes from blood to milk during mastitis. Therefore, most likely epithelial cells play a role in the differential pattern of immunomediators stimulated by different pathogens. Keywords: infection, mammary gland, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 125-132 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5531-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5531-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200604-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:4:id:5531-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Dogan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey Author-Name: Z. Nur Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey Title: Different estrous induction methods during the non-breeding season in Kivircik ewes Abstract: The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges in combination with either pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or cloprostenol (PGF2α) for inducing and synchronizing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes was investigated during the natural non-breeding season. All ewes (n = 69) were treated with 60 mg MAP sponges for 12 days. In addition, each ewe received an intramuscular injection of either 1.5 ml sterile saline solution (n = 18); 125 μg PGF2α (n = 14); 500 IU PMSG (n = 18) or 500 IU PMSG and 125 μg PGF2α (n = 19), 48 h before the sponge removal. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (48 and 60 h) following progestagen withdrawal. The different groups estrous response for the first 24 ± 6 h and within 120 h, time to onset and duration of the induced estrous, and pregnancy rate was found to be 36.2%, 81.6%, 41.7 ± 2.3 h, 29.6 ± 1.5 h, and 54.5%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups MAP and MAP/PGF2α and their with the two latter groups (MAP/PMSG, MAP/PMSG/PGF2α) in terms of the onset of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between groups MAP and MAP/PGF2α in terms of the duration of induced estrous (P < 0.05) and between the first two groups (MAP, MAP/PGF2α) and the latter two groups (MAP/PMSG, MAP/PMSG/PGF2α) in terms of estrous response at the first 24 ± 6 h (P < 0.05). These results indicate that, the use of MAP/PMSG, rather than MAP or MAP/PGF2α, was effective in the attainment of early and compact induction and synchronization of estrous in non-lactating Kivircik ewes during the natural non-breeding season. Keywords: ewes, anestrous, cloprostenol, PMSG, MAP Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 133-138 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5532-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5532-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200604-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:4:id:5532-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blahovec Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Kostecka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Kocisova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Title: Peptidolytic enzymes in different larval stadium of housefly Musca domestica Abstract: Four classes of peptidolytic enzymes were described in insects. Many authors have found predominant activity belonging to trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activity. By the use specific chromogenic substrates and hemoglobin we have determined enzyme activity in three stages of larval development of housefly. In contrast to above mentioned data we have found, that major part of peptidolytic activity in this insect is of aminopeptidase nature. Other observed peptidolytic activity formed only minority part. Apparently the highest activities to all examined substrates were found in first larval stadium of housefly. Inhibitory studies by class specific inhibitors and influence of metal ions and chelating agent on enzyme activity have shown, that aminopeptidase-like enzymes belong to metalloproteinase group. Keywords: trypsin, chymotrypsin, aminopeptidases, housefly Musca domestica Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 139-144 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5533-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5533-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200604-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:4:id:5533-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Psotova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Author-Name: R. Vecera Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Pharmacology, 6Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Zdarilova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Author-Name: E. Anzenbacherova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Author-Name: P. Kosina Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Author-Name: A. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Author-Name: J. Hrbac Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Chemistry, Author-Name: D. Jirovsky Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Stiborova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Lichnovsky Author-Name: J. Vicar Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Author-Name: V. Simanek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Author-Name: J. Ulrichova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Title: Safety assessment of sanguiritrin, alkaloid fraction of Macleaya cordata, in rats Abstract: The subchronic safety of sanguiritrin, a mixture of sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA), obtained from Macleaya cordata was assessed. Rats were fed a diet containing 120 ppm sanguiritrin (100 ppm QBA) for 109 days. The feed consumption and the animal weight were monitored. The content of QBA in selected tissues and plasma was determined using HPLC. It was evidenced that 2% of QBA were absorbed through the GIT while 98% were excreted in the feces. In plasma, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, glomerular filtration, AST, ALT, GMT, ALP and total antioxidant capacity were determined. In liver, GSH level, lipoperoxidation products, SOD and GPx activities and total amount of cytochrome P450 were evaluated. Damage to nuclear DNA was assessed; a 32P-postlabeling assay proved that no DNA-adducts were detected in nuclear and mitochrondrial DNA in liver. No adverse effects were observed on rat organism. QBA had no influence on the gut mucosal epithelium, liver tissue and any biochemical parameters tested. Oxidative stress was not manifested during the experiment. Keywords: benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, oral administration, biochemical markers, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cytochrome P450 Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 145-155 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5534-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5534-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200604-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:4:id:5534-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: M.R. Alam Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: I.H. Choi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Title: Persistent right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery in a dog: a case report Abstract: A 10-week-old, 4.5 kg female Weimaraner dog was referred to theChonbukNationalUniversity, Animal Medical Centre with signs of regurgitation after weaning. The cervical oesophagus was palpable as a flaccid, air-filled cavity. The thoracic radiographs revealed oesophageal dilatation cranial to the heart and constriction at the level of third rib. A presumptive diagnosis was made as persistent right aortic arch (PRAA). A left 4th intercostal thoracotomy was performed and the definitive diagnosis was made as PRAA with left ligamentum arteriosum (LA) and an aberrant left subclavian artery (SA). The oesophagus was found dually compressed and severely necrosed. The corrective surgery comprised of transection of the LA as well as resection and anastomosis of the oesophagus, which resulted in a complete alleviation of the clinical signs. Keywords: persistent right aortic arch, aberrant left subclavian artery, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 156-160 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5535-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5535-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200604-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:4:id:5535-VETMED