Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Beran Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Havelkova Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kaustova Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Institute of Public Health, Ostrava, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Cell wall deficient forms of mycobacteria: a review Abstract: Cell wall deficient (CWD)-forms or L-forms of bacteria are characterized by a complete or partial loss of cell wall components and by the change of cellular shape. CWD-forms (spheroplasts) of bacteria are commonly prepared in vitro and are used for various practical applications. However, very little is known about the conditions required for the formation of CWD-forms of bacteria and mycobacteria in vivoand their significance in aetiology of various chronic diseases of humans (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and Crohn's disease) and animals (paratuberculosis). It is quite difficult to detect CWD-forms of mycobacteria in biological material and the possibilities of their detection by microscopy, culture, DNA hybridization techniques and other methods are limited. This obviously leads to a relatively small amount of published data on the detection and the isolation of CWD-forms of mycobacteria both from human or veterinary biological material, which can lead to the conclusion of a non-infectious origin of the diseases. The present review also includes studies performed by authors from the formerSoviet Unionand likely represents the first complete summarization of their knowledge in this sphere. However, certain results may be viewed as somewhat controversial. Accordingly, more attention should be paid to the research of cell wall deficient forms, not only in association with chronic and latent mycobacterial infections. Keywords: Keywords: protoplasts, antituberculotics, reversion, intestine, respiratory tract, basilar tuberculosis, skin tuberculosis, lymph node, Johne's disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium aviumcomplex, zoonoses, food safety Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 365-389 Volume: 51 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5557-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5557-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200607-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:7:id:5557-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.J. Mlynarczuk Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Kotwica Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on the secretion of oxytocin from luteal and granulosa cells in cow: possible involvement of glucocorticoid receptors Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) stimulate oxytocin secretion from bovine granulosa and luteal cells. Since oxytocin on the one hand is released from ovarian cells by cortisol and on the other hand PCBs can be bound by glucocorticoid receptors (GCr), we have tested the hypothesis that PCBs acting via GCr can stimulate oxytocin secretion. In preliminary studies the effect of RU486 (GCr blocker) on cells viability was tested. Thereafter, a selected dose of RU486 (105M), which did not affect cell viability, was used in further experiments. It appears that this dose of RU486 completely blocked GCr against cortisol-stimulated oxytocin secretion, in both types of cells. Furthermore, granulosa cells (105) from follicles of two sizes (>1 cm < in diameter) and luteal cells (105) from day 5-10 of estrous cycle were incubated for 72 h with congeners of PCB (126, 77 or 153) at doses of 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml each, separately or jointly with RU486. The effect of PCB 77 and 153 on oxytocin secretion was blocked by RU486, but it did not change the effect evoked by PCB126 in both granulosa and luteal cells. We assume that some PCB congeners can affect oxytocin secretion from granulosa and luteal cells acting via GCr. Keywords: polychlorinated biphenyls, oxytocin, glucocorticoid receptors, ovary, cow Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 391-398 Volume: 51 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5559-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5559-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200607-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:7:id:5559-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Pisarikova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Zraly Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Kracmar Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trckova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Herzig Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The use of amaranth (genus AmaranthusL.) in the diets for broiler chickens Abstract: The objective of our study was to test amaranth grain or dried biomass in the diet for broiler chickens as a resource of protein replacing animal protein. Further, the effect of amaranth on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were assessed in a feeding trial. The experimental groups of broilers were fed feed mixtures with crude amaranth grain (AC), heat processed amaranth grain (AP) or dried above-ground biomass (AB). Control groups (C) received the diet containing animal proteins. The results obtained in the experimental groups of broiler chickens can be compared to the control group in all the production indicators under investigation. On day 42 of the experiment, live weight (g) of female broilers ranged from 2 205.1 ± 152.5 (AP) to 2 254.0 ± 136.5 (C), and that of male broilers from 2 375.1 ± 233.0 (AC) to 2 506.0 ± 286.0 (C). Feed conversion ranged from 1.80 kg in control group of male broiler chickens to 1.91 kg in experimental group of male broilers (AB). Percentage yield in female broiler chickens ranged from 70.8 ± 1.74 (AB) to 72.4 ±3.34(AC) or 72.4 ± 1.98 (C), and in male broilers from 72.8 ±3.55(AP) to 75.1 ±2.44(AB). Our results showed that amaranth can fully replace meat-and-bone meals in the diets for broiler chickens. Keywords: animal protein, amino acids, fatty acids, performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 399-407 Volume: 51 Issue: 7 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5560-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5560-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200607-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:51:y:2006:i:7:id:5560-VETMED