Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Jalc Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Certik Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Kundrikova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Namestkova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of unsaturated C18 fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids) on ruminal fermentation and production of fatty acids isomers in artificial rumen Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of oleic (OA), linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic (ALA) acid used as supplements (3.5% wt/wt) to a diet containing 80% lucerne and 20% barley on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). The experiment lasted 12 days with 6 days of stabilization period. The fatty acid (FA) supplementation to a mixed diet did not affect any parameters of rumen fermentation (degradation of DM, NDF, ADF, total VFA production, production of acetate, propionate and butyrate). The methane production was decreased numerically (NS) by FA supplements (OA, LA, and ALA by about 8, 8.3 and 13.2%, respectively). The stoichiometric parameters of rumen fermentation such as NM (nitrogen incorporated by microflora), OMF (organic matter fermented) and EMS (efficiency of microbial protein synthesis) were affected by unsaturated C18 FA to a different extent. EMS calculated from NM and OMF was significantly (P < 0.01) increased by OA, ALA and decreased (P < 0.01) by LA. The lipid metabolism was also affected by C18 FA supplements. The concentration of total FA and proportion of LCFA (long chain fatty acids, > C18:0) increased and proportion of MCFA (medium chain fatty acids, C14:0 - C17:0) decreased after OA, LA and ALA addition. The biohydrogenation (BH) of fatty acids was characterized by increased (NS) accumulation of stearic acid and trans isomers C18:1 and lower SFA/UFA ratio in the effluent. The concentrations of two main BH intermediates, TVA (trans 11 C18:1) and CLA (cis 9, trans 11 C18:2), significantly (P < 0.001) increased (TVA - 1.06, 1.29 and 1.10; CLA - 0.32, 0.43 and 0.36 mg/g rumen fluid DM, respectively) after OA, LA and ALA supplementation compared to the control (TVA - 0.7; CLA - 0.23). Keywords: fatty acids, rumen fermentation, lipid metabolism, CLA, TVA Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 87-94 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2012-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2012-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200703-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:3:id:2012-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Werner-Misof Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany Author-Name: J. Macuhova Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany Author-Name: V. Tancin Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R.M. Bruckmaier Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Title: Dose dependent changes in inflammatory parameters in the milk of dairy cows after intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide Abstract: The goal of this study was to evaluate the dose dependent changes in common milk and blood parameters for udder health after an intramammary (IM) infusion of five different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 μg, respectively). Ten Holstein Friesian cows randomly divided into five groups of 2 cows each were IM infused into one quarter with one LPS dose dissolved in 10 ml of saline. The contralateral quarter was infused with 10 ml saline (9 g/l). Milk samples were taken immediately before and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours after the treatment. All milk samples were analysed for somatic cell counts (SCC), lactose, sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and electrical conductivity (EC). Two blood samples were taken immediately after milking for analysing leukocytes (WBC), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), Na and Cl. The SCC increased maximal at 12 hours after the LPS challenge and differed among LPS doses, as well as the area under curve from 0 to 36 hours (AUC 0-36 h). There were no significant differences among LPS doses in lactose levels for the regression at 12 hours and AUC 0-36 h. Lactose levels in milk from quarters receiving the lowest dose of LPS were lowest after 24 hours, whereas in all other groups lactose levels decreased maximal within the first 12 hours. The regression at 12 hours as well as the AUC 0-36 h showed significant changes for Cl levels but not for Na and EC, respectively. Amongst all groups EC increased maximal within 12 hours and peak EC showed dose dependent differences with highest values at the highest LPS dose. There were no dose differences in WBC. Blood electrolytes showed only tendentially dose dependent differences for blood Na in AUC 0-36 h. The results were possibly due to a great individual variance amongst all cows. In conclusion there are dose dependent differences in the response to LPS especially in milk parameters, which are likely caused by a greater tight junction damage by higher LPS doses. 100 μg LPS seems to be a threshold between low and high doses of LPS. All doses used in this study induced signs of mastitis but there might be a low dose of LPS with only an enhancing effect on mammary gland immune status without inducing mastitis symptoms. This needs to be investigated for developing new ways of mastitis prophylaxis. Keywords: LPS, dose dependent changes, mammary gland Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 95-102 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1870-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1870-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200703-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:3:id:1870-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Velisek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Wlasow Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Science and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: P. Gomulka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Science and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Z. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Novotny Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effects of 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthesia on sheatfish (Silurus glanis L.) Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the acute toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol to sheatfish, and using the values of haematological and biochemical profiles of blood and histological tissue examinations to assess the effects of the fish exposure to that anaesthetic. The values of acute toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol to sheatfish were found to be 10minLC50 0.77 ml/l, 10minLC0.1 0.42 ml/l, 10minLC99.9 1.90 ml/l, 96hLC50 0.29 ml/l, 96hLC0.1 0.20 ml/l, and 96hLC99.9 0.41 ml/l. The 10-min exposure to 2-phenoxyethanol at a concentration of 0.30 ml/l caused significantly higher values (P < 0.05) of packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), glucose (GLU) and albumins (ALB) immediately after anaesthesia. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were found 24 h post anaesthesia. Histological examinations showed capillary ectasia of gill filaments immediately after 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthesia. Twenty-four hours after anaesthesia, no ectasia was observed. No histopathological changes were demonstrated in other tissues (liver, spleen, cranial and caudal kidneys) following anaesthesia. The results of examinations suggest that the use of 2-phenoxyethanol at a concentration of 0.30 ml/l does not cause any irreversible damage in sheatfish. Keywords: acute toxicity, haematological profile, biochemical profile of blood, histological examination of tissues Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 103-110 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2011-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2011-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200703-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:3:id:2011-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Ciganek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Pisarikova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Zraly Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Determination of volatile organic compounds in the crude and heat treated amaranth samples Abstract: The present study concentrated on the development of an analytical method for determination of emissions of volatile organic compounds from crude and heat treated amaranth (genus Amaranthus L.) samples. Emitted substances were collected by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method and identified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The list of identified abundant organic compounds exceeds one hundred substances of different classes. Total concentrations of quantified volatile organic compounds ranged between 2.2 and 68.9 μg/g of dried sample. Hexanal and acetic acid were found as the most abundant compounds detected in amaranth samples. It was found that heat treatment (popping) of amaranth samples changed their composition of volatile organic compounds dramatically. The highest volatile organic compound emissions were found in popped grain amaranth in comparison to all crude grains and amaranth biomasses. Keywords: amaranth, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heat treatment, GC/MS, HS-SPME Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 111-120 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1869-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1869-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200703-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:3:id:1869-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Kosakova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Scheer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lata Author-Workplace-Name: Internal Clinic of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Doubek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain on complications of the chronic experimental liver damage Abstract: The aim of the study was evaluate the influence of the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain (Mutaflor® suspension, Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany) on bacterial translocation in cases of liver damage, damage to the intestinal mucosa, potential portal hypertension associated with possible development of oesophageal varices and on the bacterial population of the intestine during chronic experimental liver damage in the laboratory rat. Rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide were divided into an experimental and control group. Experimental and control animals were applied Mutaflor and saline, respectively. Samples of blood, liver, lymph nodes and caecum for microbiological examination, of liver, duodenum and oesophagus for histological examination and of spleen for weight evaluation were collected. There were no significant differences between both groups of animals in the qualitative proportion of Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Proteus spp. cultured from the lymph nodes, blood and liver. The quantitative culture results on Enterococcus spp. in the caecum, liver and lymph nodes showed no significant differences between both groups. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control group in the counts of coliform bacteria. No significant differences between both groups were found in the overall damage score of the liver, duodenum and oesophagus. There were no differences in the spleen to body weight ratio of both groups. The application of Mutaflor® suspension for eight days had no recognisable effect diminishing the selected complications of chronic liver damage caused by the administration of TAA to laboratory rats. Keywords: bacterial translocation, liver cirrhosis, probiotics, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, thioacetamide Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 121-129 Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2013-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2013-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200703-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:3:id:2013-VETMED