Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.E. Shitaye Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: W. Tsegaye Author-Workplace-Name: Shola Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Addis Ababa Urban Agriculture Office, Ethiopia Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Bovine tuberculosis infection in animal and human populations in Ethiopia: a review Abstract: Ethiopia is one among the nations that possesses the largest number of livestock population in the African continent estimated to be 33 million cattle, 24 million sheep and 18 million goats. In contrast to the huge livestock resource, the livestock productivity is however, found to be very low. The major biological and socio-economical factors attributing to the low productivity includes: the low genetic potential and performance, poor nutrition (in quality and quantity terms), the prevailing of different diseases, traditional way of husbandry systems and inadequate skilled manpower, among others. Ethiopia is one of the African countries where tuberculosis is wide spread in both humans and cattle and the endemic nature of tuberculosis in humans and cattle has long been documented. The disease is considered as one of the major livestock diseases that results in high morbidity and mortality, although the current status on the actual prevalence rate of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) at a national level is yet unknown. Detection of BTB in Ethiopia is carried out most commonly on the basis of tuberculin skin testing, abattoir meat inspection and very rarely on bacteriological techniques. Recently undertaken studies indicated the prevalence rate of BTB with a range of 3.4% (in small holder production system) to 50% (in intensive dairy productions) and a range of 3.5% to 5.2% in slaughterhouses in various places of the country. BTB in cattle remains to be a great concern due to the susceptibility of humans to the disease. The infections mainly take place by drinking raw milk and occur in the extra-pulmonary form, in the cervical lymphadenitis form in particular. The aim of this paper is to review the status of BTB in Ethiopia in relation with the existing animal husbandry systems and abattoir meat inspection surveillances. Control measures, economic impacts and the zoonotic aspect of the disease are also briefly addressed. Keywords: Mycobacterium bovis, pastoral production, pasteurisation, zoonosis, food safety, test-and-slaughter Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 317-332 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1872-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1872-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200708-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:8:id:1872-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: X. Averos Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Author-Name: A. Herranz Author-Workplace-Name: Ancoporc (Spanish Swine Traders National Association), Madrid, Spain Author-Name: R. Sanchez Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Department, National Institute of Agriculture Investigations, Madrid, Spain Author-Name: J.X. Comella Author-Workplace-Name: Basic Medical Sciences Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Author-Name: L.F. Gosalvez Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain Title: Serum stress parameters in pigs transported to slaughter under commercial conditions in different seasons Abstract: To determine the influence of slaughter transports carried out under commercial conditions, 162 pigs weighing 98 kg and of both sexes were studied. A total of seven transports were performed in summer and in winter conditions, with durations of 1 h and 13 h 15 min within each season. Cortisol, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin and total protein serum concentrations were measured. All variables increased during transport and decreased during lairage (P < 0.001), with cortisol values being 3.47 ± 0.19, 8.52 ± 0.28, and 6.96 ± 0.18 µg/dl at loading, unloading and exsanguinations, respectively, except for glucose (0.54 ± 0.03, 0.44 ± 0.04, and 0.86 ± 0.03 g/l). Short journeys did not allow the total recovery from the loading stress. A certain level of dehydration was observed, especially during lairage on the longest journeys (increase of 6.87 ± 1.29 g/l for total proteins; P < 0.01). Winter transports were slightly more stressful (P < 0.01 for cortisol and LDH, and P < 0.001 for CPK), with poorer recovery during lairage (CPK decrease being -141 ± 559 and -2 906 ± 730 IU/l for winter and summer journeys, respectively; P < 0.01). Females showed higher stress reactivity. Genetics modulated the effect of the rest of influencing factors, with Nn individuals showing a rougher reaction in short and winter conditions, but with lower dehydration levels. Under Mediterranean commercial conditions, stress in transported slaughter pigs was largely determined by season and genetics, so that an adaptation of handling procedures to these seasonal variations appears crucial if transport stress is to be reduced. Also, an improvement in stress resistance could be obtained by controlling the halothane gene of pigs. Keywords: halothane gene, pig, season, stress, transport duration, welfare Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 333-342 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1874-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1874-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200708-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:8:id:1874-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Lamka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Krizova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Cvilink Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Savlik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Velik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Duchacek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Szotakova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Skalova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Title: A single adulticide dose of albendazole induces cytochromes P4501A in mouflon (Ovis musimon) with dicrocoeliosis Abstract: Contact handling with wild or semi-domesticated animals requires limiting animal stress to minimum. In this respect, single administration of drug should be preferred in contact therapy of mouflon (Ovis musimon) infected by lancet fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum). We tested single administration of albendazole (ABZ) (30 mg/kg of body weight) in a form of oral suspension and investigated to reach anthelmintic effects and to modulate biotransformation enzymes in liver and small intestine. Two weeks after ABZ administration coprology and necropsy findings document the adulticide effect in liver. The activities of éight biotransformation enzymes and ABZ biotransformation were tested in hepatic and intestinal subcellular fractions from control and ABZ treated animals. The highest inductive effect of ABZ was detected on cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A) activities. Increased amount of CYP1A proteins was confirmed using western blotting. In hepatic and intestinal microsomes, velocity of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) formation was unaffected, but a shift in ratio of individual ABZSO enantiomers was observed. The second step of ABZ biotransformation corresponding to the formation of the pharmacologically inactive albendazole sulfone, was significantly accelerated both in liver and intestine of ABZ treated animals. The increase of ABZ deactivation could facilitate the development of anthelmintic resistance in parasites. Although single ABZ dose is therapeutically effective, its potential to induce CYP1A should be taken in account for controling helmithoses. Keywords: biotransformation, benzimidazoles, lancet fluke, anthelminthic resistance Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 343-352 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1873-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1873-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200708-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:8:id:1873-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.N. Sauter Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Author-Name: K. Allenspach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Author-Name: J.W. Blum Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Title: Cytokine mRNA abundance in intestinal biopsies from dogs with chronic diarrhea Abstract: The differentiation between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and food responsive diarrhea (FRD) is difficult and no objective markers are available. We postulated that patterns of selected key cytokines would help to objectively differentiate between the two subcategories of chronic enteropathies in dogs. We studied mRNA patterns of selected cytokines in dogs with chronic enteropathies. Ten dogs with FRD (= group FRDbef) and seven dogs with IBD (= group IBDbef) were presented for endoscopy at the Small Animal Clinic, University of Bern. A control endoscopy was performed in both groups after treatment with an elimination diet for four weeks (FRDaft) or with an elimination diet combined with prednisolone for 10 weeks (IBDaft). Intestinal control samples of gastrointestinally healthy dogs from an independent study were additionally available. Dogs were clinically examined and scored using the canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI). mRNA abundance of interleukin (IL)-5, -10, -12p40, and -13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and interferon (IFN)-γ were analyzed in intestinal samples by reverse transcription and real time polymerase chain reaction. Median CIBDAI decreased in FRDaft (P < 0.01) and IBDaft (P = 0.07) during treatment. In duodenum, IL-12p40 mRNA levels tended to be lower in FRDbef than in IBDbef (P = 0.07). The abundance of TNF-α mRNA was higher in IBDbef than in control dogs (P < 0.05). IL-5 mRNA levels decreased in FRD dogs during treatment (P = 0.06), and IL-10 mRNA levels decreased in IBD dogs (P < 0.05). In colon, IL-5 and IL-12p40 mRNA levels were lower in FRDbef than in IBDbef (P < 0.05) and control dogs (P < 0.01). IL-13 mRNA abundance was lower in FRDbef than in control dogs (P < 0.05) and IFN-γ mRNA abundance was lower in FRD and IBD dogs than in control dogs (P < 0.01). Feeding the elimination diet additionally reduced IFN-γ mRNA levels (P < 0.01), but increased TNF-α mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in FRD dogs. In conclusion, mRNA levels of the selected cytokines before treatment did not show clear differences between FRD and IBD dogs. Keywords: chronic enteropathy, duodenum, colon, cytokines, canine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 353-364 Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1876-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1876-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200708-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:52:y:2007:i:8:id:1876-VETMED