Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Langrova Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Sladek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Rysanek Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Expression of CD14 and CD44 on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during resolution of mammary inflammatory response induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide Abstract: The aim of the study was to prove the effect of muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide on the expression of CD14 and CD44 during an induced inflammatory response of the mammary gland and its resolution. The purpose was to clarify whether the CD14 and CD44 expression is controlled by the mechanisms of resolution. The CD44 had previously been judged to be an activation marker along with CD11b on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The experimental inflammatory response was induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide, while phosphate buffered saline was used as a control. The course of the inflammatory response was monitored at four time points: 24 h and 48 h (initiation of inflammatory response), 72 h and 168 h (resolution of inflammatory response). The total number of cells was determined by a hemocytometer. Flow cytometry was used to determine differential counts of leukocytes, proportions of CD11b+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes, proportions of apoptotic and necrotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and proportions of CD14+ and CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The proportion of CD11b+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes after induction of inflammation with muramyldipeptide was higher (P < 0.05) compared to that after induction by phosphate buffered saline, was highly significantly greater after lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.01), and remained at approximately the same level for the whole period of observation (168 h). A higher proportion of CD14+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed 72 h after induction with phosphate buffered saline. A statistically highly significant lower proportion was observed after induction with muramyldipeptide (P < 0.01), and a statistically significant lower proportion was observed after induction with lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.05). Decrease in the proportion of CD14+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes followed. In the initial phase of the inflammatory response (24 to 72 h) there was a gradual increase in the proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and more so after the phosphate buffered saline. A greatly lower proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed after administration of muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide: 24 h (P < 0.01), 48 h (P < 0.05) and 72 h (P < 0.01). Compared with muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide, there was a statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) lower proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes observed 168 h after induction with phosphate buffered saline. Hence the proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes is low in the initial phase of inflammation, and CD44, in contrast with CD11b, does not appear to be a polymorphonuclear marker of activation. The results of the study have shown that expression of CD14 and CD44 is controlled by the factors inducing inflammatory response as well as by the mechanisms of resolution. Keywords: heifer, mammary gland, inflammation, bacterial toxins, apoptosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 1-11 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1935-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1935-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200801-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:1:id:1935-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mezerova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Zert Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Kabes Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Ottova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of therapeutic results and complications after colic surgery in 434 horses Abstract: Out of the total number of 434 horses that underwent colic surgery, small intestine was operated in 195 (44.9%) patients, caecum in 10 (2.3%) horses, large colon surgery was performed in 196 (45.2%) cases and small colon surgery in 14 (3.2%) horses. In 12 patients (2.8%) two different parts of the gastrointestinal tract were affected simultaneously, one horse suffered from peritonitis, torsion of the uterus developed in two mares and three animals had negative surgical findings. Of 434 horses, 371 (85.5%) survived. After small intestinal surgery, 159 patients (81.5%) recovered from anaesthesia and were discharged home as well as seven horses (70%) after caecal surgery, 175 horses (89.3%) after large colon surgery and 14 horses (100%) following small colon surgery. 75 out of 103 horses (72.8%) were discharged home after the small intestinal resection and 89 of 98 horses (90.8%) with small intestinal problems where no resection was needed. In total, 43 of the patients that underwent one surgery did not survive the immediate postoperative period. The most frequent lethal complications in horses following the small intestinal surgery included peritonitis (five horses) and paralytic ileus (four horses) and in horses with large colon problems it was typhlocolitis (six cases). Relaparotomy was indicated in 41 of 434 horses (9.4%) that recovered from colic surgery. 21 out of the 41 (51.2%) relaparotomised colic patients were released from the clinic. All successfully repeated surgeries were carried out to overcome primary small intestine ileus problems, and in 14 of these cases (66.7%) resection and anastomosis were performed. The most common finding, diagnosed in 9 of 21 reoperated horses, was paralytic ileus. Of 20 relaparotomised horses that did not survive, three animals were lost after the introduction of anaesthesia, nine horses were euthanised after the abdominal cavity revision, one horse did not recover after the surgical procedure and seven horses did not survive the postoperative period. In 15 of 20 dead horses, the cause of the first surgical intervention was small intestinal ileus, in other four horses there was a large colon problem and in the last patient, it was a stomach disease. In 13 of 15 (86.7%) horses with small intestinal problems and in three of four (75%) patients with large colon disease, either resection or bypass was performed. In the remaining four non-surviving horses of 20 relaparotomised ones, peritonitis and/or adhesion formation was diagnosed at the second surgery, in three horses anastomosis complications were the main problem. Peritonitis or paralytic ileus led to death or euthanasia in four of seven horses that recovered after relaparotomy. Keywords: horse, colic, surgical diagnosis, postoperative complications, relaparotomy, prognosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 12-28 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1934-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1934-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200801-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:1:id:1934-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mezerova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Zert Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Kabes Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Ottova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of clinical and perioperative findings in 576 horses subjected to surgical treatment of colic Abstract: Colic was treated surgically in 576 horses (545 individuals). Twenty-seven horses were subjected to surgery twice and two horses three times during the period of this study. A total of 371 horses (64.4%) were discharged from the hospital, 205 animals (35.6%) died or were euthanised; 16 of them died during anaesthesia, 102 horses were subjected to euthanasia during surgery, 24 patients did not recover from anaesthesia after surgery completion, and 63 horses did not survive the postoperative period. Ileus of the small intestine was diagnosed in 267 cases (46.4%), affection of the large colon in 239 cases (41.5%), lesion of the small colon in 22 cases (3.8%), lesion of the caecum in 19 cases (3.3%), and affection of stomach and rectum in four and one cases, respectively. In 14 animals (2.4%), lesions were located at two different sites of the gastrointestinal tract. In four horses, the cause of colic was located outside the gastrointestinal tract. Three animals were affected by diffuse peritonitis. No gastrointestinal lesion could be identified during surgery in three horses with recurrent colic. The most common causes of small intestine ileus included incarceration in inguinal hernia (50 of 267 horses, 18.7%), hernia of the omental foramen (31 of 267 horses, 11.6%), anterior enteritis (19 of 267 horses, 7.1%), mesenterial volvulus (18 of 267 horses, 6.7%), and ileal impaction (18 of 267 horses, 6.7%). The most common caecal disorder was acute constipation/dysfunction (5 of 19 horses, 26.3%). Frequent causes of the large colon colic were torsion (63 of 239 horses, 26.4%), left dorsal displacement (36 of 239 horses, 15.1%), and right dorsal displacement (23 of 239 horses, 9.6%). The small colon was most often affected by focal obstruction/constipation (9 out of 22 horses, 40.9%). Surgical treatment of colic of the small intestine, caecum, large colon, and small colon was successful in 59.6%, 36.8%, 73.3%, and 63.6% of the cases, respectively. Keywords: horse, colic, laparotomy, clinical findings, surgical diagnosis, prognosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 29-42 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1933-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1933-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200801-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:1:id:1933-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Mezerova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Zert Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Long-term survival and complications of colic surgery in horses: analysis of 331 cases Abstract: Three hundred and thirty-one (331) horses out of 371 cases (i.e. 351 individuals discharged from the clinic) were followed up in order to evaluate long-term survival rate and complications after colic surgery. Twenty horses were subjected to surgery twice during the period of this study. Out of the sample of 331 patients, 302 animals (91.2%) survived at least 11 months after the operation. Twenty-nine horses (8.8%) died or had to be euthanized. Colic episode was considered to be the cause of death in 23 (79.3%) out of 29 patients. Seven colic patients had to be reoperated. The remaining six patients died of a cause unrelated to the gastrointestinal disease. Seven out of 302 long-term surviving patients needed the second operation within the first 11 months after the first surgery. Colic episode was reoperated in another 15 patients after 12 months to 4 years after the first operation. Conservative treatment was necessary in another 10 long-term surviving horses. In eight long-term surviving horses and in one patient that did not survive 11 months, incision hernias were identified as the postoperative complication. Twenty-one horses out of 331 were subjected to relaparotomy during their first hospitalization. Eighteen out of these (85.7%) survived 11 months after the surgery; the remaining three were euthanized within six months due to colic. Keywords: horse, colic, laparotomy, long-term survival rate, complications Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 43-52 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1936-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1936-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200801-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:1:id:1936-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Rahaus Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Private University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany Author-Name: N. Desloges Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Private University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany Author-Name: S. Probst Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Private University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany Author-Name: B. Loebbert Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Private University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany Author-Name: W. Lantermann Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Private University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany Author-Name: M.H. Wolff Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Private University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany Title: Detection of beak and feather disease virus DNA in embryonated eggs of psittacine birds Abstract: Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is a common viral disease of psittacine birds. The causative agent, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a small circular single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Circovirus. We report the detection of viral DNA predominantly in the heart, intestine and liver, but also in the testes and digestive organs. Additionally, BFDV transmission was investigated. We discuss the possibility that BFDV is transmitted horizontally. In our experiments, embryonated and non-embryonated budgerigar eggs were analysed for the presence of BFDV DNA. In 35.3% of non-embryonated and 20% of embryonated eggs viral DNA was detected, suggesting that BFDV can be transmitted horizontally and vertically. Keywords: beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), vertical transmission, horizontal transmission, PCR, embryonated eggs, non-embryonated eggs, psittacine birds Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 53-58 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1932-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1932-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200801-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:1:id:1932-VETMED