Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Dolezel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vecera Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Palenik Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Cech Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vyskocil Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Systematic clinical examination of early postpartum cows and treatment of puerperal metritis did not have any beneficial effect on subsequent reproductive performance Abstract: The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the impact of a control program based on systematic clinical examination on Day 10 ± 3 post partum (pp) and treatment in the case of puerperal metritis on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Cows having serious dystocia as well as cows treated for retained placenta were not involved in the trial. The evaluation was performed by comparing reproductive performance between systematically examined cows (Group E, n = 83) and cows that were examined and treated occasionally on the basis of farmers' notifications of a pathological condition (Group C, n = 95). In Group E, reproductive performance was compared between cows with a mild form of metritis (Group E1, n = 18), cows with a severe form of metritis (Group E2, n = 14) and cows without puerperal metritis (Group E0, n = 51). Clinical examination consisted in rectal and vaginal palpation with inspection of the lochia manually withdrawn from the vagina. Cows with puerperal metritis were treated with an intramuscular administration of PGF2α analogue - dinoprost. An intrauterine antibiotic (rifaximin foam) was added in cases of severe metritis. The examination and treatment (in cases of a pathological condition, n = 10) were repeated in Group E on Day 24 ± 3 pp. In addition, the incidence of puerperal metritis in the year seasons was evaluated. Occurrence of ovarian disorders (30.1 vs. 24.2%) and clinical endometritis (27.7 vs. 23.2%), calving to first service interval (83.2 vs. 85.4 days), pregnancy until Day 100 pp (30.8 vs. 35.3%) as well as until Day 150 pp (64.6 vs. 64.7%), services per conception (2.45 vs. 2.16), calving to conception interval (141.6 vs. 136.4 days), total culling rate (20.5 vs. 28.4%) and culling rate due to (sub)infertility (8.4 vs. 6.3) in Group E compared to Group C were not different. Only the first service pregnancy rate was lower in Group E (30.3 vs. 47.1%, P < 0.05). Even though no significant differences were found in the reproduction parameters between groups E1, E2 and E0, the worst parameters were in Group E2. The incidence of puerperal metritis in the year seasons was not different. The trial did not prove that there was a beneficial effect of systematic clinical examination on Day 10 ± 3 pp nor of treatment in cases of puerperal metritis, using PGF2α and intrauterine antibiotic, on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Keywords: cow, puerperium, metritis, diagnosis, therapy, reproduction parameters, season Oestrou Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 59-69 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1988-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1988-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200802-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:2:id:1988-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Machatkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hulinska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Horakova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Reckova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hanzalova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Oestrous cycle stage influences the morphology and maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro Abstract: The objective of the study was to characterize the effect of the oestrous cycle stage on the yield, morphology and meiotic competence of porcine oocytes. A total of 46 cycling gilts, at 8.5-9 months of age, were used as oocyte donors. Their oestrous cycle was synchronized by Regumate and the onset of oestrus was checked (Day 0). The gilts were slaughtered at the early (Days 1-5), middle (6-10) and late (11-14) luteal or early (Days 15-16), middle (17-19) and late (20-21) follicular phase. Oocytes were isolated separately from medium (5-9 mm) and small (≤ 4 mm) follicles. Cumulus-oocyte complexes with dark, evenly granulated cytoplasm and at least two compact layers of cumulus cells were selected as useful for maturation. They were matured by a standard protocol, denuded from cumulus cells, fixed in glutaraldehyde, stained with 33258-Hoechst and examined by epifluorescence. The oocytes collected from small and medium follicles differed in their yield, morphology and meiotic competence regardless of the phase. The mean number (± S.E.M.) of oocytes isolated per donor was higher (187.7 ± 48.4 vs. 16.9 ± 6.1) but the mean percentage (± S.E.M.) of useful oocytes was lower (22.4 ± 7.5% vs. 80.2 ± 6.8%; P < 0.01) for small than for medium follicles. The mean number (± S.E.M.) of useful oocytes per donor was significantly (P < 0.01) higher (42.1 ± 16.8 vs. 11.9 ± 4.3) but the mean percentage of matured oocytes was significantly (P < 0.01) lower (48.4 ± 17.8% vs. 79.9 ± 7.9%) for small than for medium follicles. The oocyte population collected from small follicles varied during the oestrous cycle. The mean number (± S.E.M.) of oocytes isolated per donor from small follicles increased during the luteal and decreased during the follicular phase, except for the late follicular phase when it increased again. The mean percentage (± S.E.M.) of useful oocytes did not differ too much during this period, except for the late follicular phase when it decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The mean number (± S.E.M.) of useful oocytes per donor increased during the luteal and decreased during the follicular phase, but the differences were not significant except for the late follicular phase (P < 0.01). Similarly, the mean percentage (± S.E.M.) of matured oocytes increased during the luteal and decreased during the follicular phase, and the differences were significant. Compared with the oocyte population from small follicles, the oocyte population from medium follicles was less variable in the period from the middle luteal to middle follicular phase, when these follicles were present on the ovaries. It can be concluded that the porcine oocyte population changes in terms of quantity, morphological quality and meiotic competence according to the stage of follicular development. The late luteal and early follicular phases appeared to be most productive for oocyte recovery, because more morphologically normal oocytes with greater meiotic competence were collected, as compared with the other stages of the oestrous cycle. Keywords: Keywords: gilts, follicular development, oocytes, morphology, meiotic competence Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 70-76 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1983-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1983-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200802-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:2:id:1983-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Zelenka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Schneiderova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Mrkvicova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Dolezal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of dietary linseed oils with different fatty acid pattern on the content of fatty acids in chicken meat Abstract: Effects of 1, 3, 5 or 7% of linseed oil in the diet on the content of fatty acids in breast and thigh meat were studied in broiler chickens. Oils made either of seeds of the linseed cultivar Atalante (A) with a high content of α-linolenic acid or of the cultivar Lola (L) with a predominating content of linoleic acid were fed from 25 to 40 days of age. When feeding A, the contents of all n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosatrienoic acid, were significantly higher, those of n-6 PUFA were lower, and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was narrower (P < 0.001) than when L was fed. The narrowest n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio was observed at the content 36 g of α-linolenic acid (58 g A) per kg of the diet while the widest one at 2 g of α-linolenic acid (70 g L) per kg of the diet. When using L, the increasing level of linoleic acid in feed was associated with significantly increasing levels of all n-6 PUFA in meat. The content of all n-3 PUFA increased after the application of oil A, but the dependence for eicosapentaenoic acid in thigh meat was expressed significantly more precisely by the second degree parabola with the maximum at the level of 37 mg of α-linolenic acid and for clupanodonic and docosahexaenoic acids by parabolas with maxima at the level of α-linolenic acid in the diet 41 g and 30 g for breast meat and 35 g and 27 g for thigh meat, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of α-linolenic acid in the feed mixture it would be possible to produce poultry meat with a high content of n-3 PUFA as a functional food. Keywords: Keywords: chicken meat, fatty acids, linseed oils, functional food Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 77-85 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1985-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1985-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200802-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:2:id:1985-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Reschova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Pokorova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hulova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kulich Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vesely Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Surveillance of viral fish diseases in the Czech Republic over the period January 1999 - December 2006 Abstract: The present study reports the results of virological survey in fish with an emphasis on the diseases included in the Czech National Legislation. Monitoring of fish both without symptoms and with a manifested disease was performed within this virological surveillance. Between January 1999 and December 2006, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), infectious haematopoetic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) were surveyed by the National Reference Laboratory for viral diseases on fish. Among of 3789 sample pools processed, VHSV was detected in seven cases (6× in Oncorhynchus mykiss, 1× in Salmo trutta m. fario), IHNV was detected in seven cases (6× in Oncorhynchus mykiss, and 1× in Esox lucius ) and IPNV was diagnosed once in Oncorhynchus mykis. In four cases, the viral agents were detected in ovarian fluid from broodfish without any clinical symptoms. In the remaining cases the virus was isolated from tissue homogenates. Our results show that ovarian fluid is valuable material for the detection of viral agents during the monitoring of fish diseases. Keywords: viral diseases, VHSV, IHNV, IPNV, monitoring, fish Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 86-92 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1982-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1982-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200802-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:2:id:1982-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Matiasovic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Leva Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Maskova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kummer Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Faldyna Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effects of postnatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene on the immunity of immature rats Abstract: To determine the effect of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the developing immune system of immature rats, newborn animals received different concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day) of B[a]P in the first 14 days after birth. These rats were euthanised on day 23 of the experiment and it was found that the decreasing numbers of erythrocytes were in direct correlation to the dose of B[a]P. In subject animals, the overall counts of T cells in the spleen and the mitogenic activity increased. A decrease in the production of both IFN-γ and IL-4 (measured at the mRNA level) as well as the decreasing IFN-γ /IL-4 ratio in rat splenocytes were dependent on the dose of B[a]P. From this we may deduce that exposure to B[a]P in immature animals may modulate the immune response to infection and/or vaccination. Keywords: Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, immunity, IFN-γ / IL-4, cytokines Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 93-100 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1986-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1986-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200802-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:2:id:1986-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.E. Shitaye Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Horvathova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Moravkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska-Bartosova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Trcka Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lamka Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Treml Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Vrbas Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Diagnostic testing of different stages of avian tuberculosis in naturally infected hens (Gallus domesticus) by the tuberculin skin and rapid agglutination tests, faecal and egg examinations Abstract: Avian tuberculosis (ATBC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in birds in zoos and breeding establishments. The primary sources of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) of serotypes 1, 2 and 3 are infected animals (esp. birds), who shed MAA in different ways and thus contaminate the environment. The first aim of this work was to compare the efficiency of the diagnostic methods that are routinely used for the diagnosis of ATBC (skin test, serology and culture of faeces and eggs) in naturally infected hens with different levels of infection. The second aim was to determine the excretion rate of MAA in faeces and eggs. The tuberculin skin test gave a positive result in nine (42.9%) infected hens of which four (57.1%) and one (14.3%) were heavily and slightly infected hens, respectively. A positive serological response to MAA-b antigen (water bird isolate of serotype 1) was observed in five (23.8%) and to MAA-p antigen (pig isolate serotype 2) in seven (33.3%) hens. No correlation between serological and skin-test data was found. The results show that both techniques, serological and skin-test data are inadequate for the diagnosis of ATBC. In consecutively euthanized hens, with heavy infection and tuberculous lesions, serological positivity was significant (P < 0.05) in comparison with slightly infected hens lacking tuberculous lesions. Faecal culture detected MAA in 50 (29.8%) of 168 samples collected for eight days before euthanasia. MAA excretion in faeces was intermittent, but significantly (P < 0.01) higher in heavily infected hens. No mycobacteria were detected in any of the 43 examined eggs, which implies that the shedding of MAAand/or transmission of ATBC through eggs may not be frequent events. Keywords: avian mycobacteriosis, IS901 PCR, IS1245 PCR, food safety, zoonosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 101-110 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1984-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1984-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200802-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:2:id:1984-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Jahn Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Moravkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Treml Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Cizek Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Nesnalova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dvorska-Bartosova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Halouzka Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Lung tuberculosis in a horse caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium of serotype 2: a case report Abstract: Interstitial pneumonia (2/3 of the lungs were affected) and diffusely enlarged bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes were diagnosed by gross examination of a dead 16-year-old mare. Based on histopathological examination and the detection of acid-fast rods after staining by the Ziehl-Neelsen technique, tuberculosis was suspected. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium of serotype 2 and IS901+/IS1245+ genotype was isolated from the pulmonary lymphnode after five-week incubation at 37°C. Due to the fact that horses have a naturally high resistance to mycobacterial infections, the high age of the mare most likely contributed to the development of the disease. Keywords: Keywords: avian mycobacteriosis, avian tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, zoonosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 111-116 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1987-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1987-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200802-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:2:id:1987-VETMED