Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Slana Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Paolicchi Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Balcarce, Argentina Author-Name: B. Janstova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Navratilova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Detection methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in milk and milk products: a review Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis, a disease with considerable economic impact, principally on dairy cattle herds. Animals with paratuberculosis shed viable MAP especially in their milk, faeces and semen. MAP may have a role in the development of Crohn's disease in humans via the consumption of contaminated milk and milk products. The current methods of milk pasteurization are not sufficient to kill all MAP cells present in milk and MAP has been cultured from raw or pasteurized milk and isolated from cheese. The purpose of the present study was to review the different methods used for detection of MAP in milk and milk products. We analyze the current methods for direct or non direct identification of MAP and culture and molecular biology methods that can be applied to milk and milk products. Keywords: PCR, cultivation, IS900, ELISA, MELISA, food safety, potential zoonosis, Johne's disease Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 283-306 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1859-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1859-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200806-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:6:id:1859-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Schlegelova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Vlkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Babak Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Holasova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Jaglic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Stosova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sauer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Resistance to erythromycin of Staphylococcus spp. isolates from the food chain Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine both the occurrence and the genetic basis of resistance to erythromycin among 1 235 Staphylococcus spp. isolates obtained between 2000 and 2006 from (a) raw milk and meat (1 704 samples), (b) foodstuffs produced from these (451 samples), and (c) contact surfaces at processing plants and dairy farms (363 samples) in the Czech Republic. Isolates were screened by broth microdilution method for resistance to erythromycin and further 11 antimicrobial agents. In addition, isolates were screened by agar dilution (erythromycin range 1-128 mg/l) and D-zone test for inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (iMLSB). Forty isolates were found to be either resistant, or intermediate, to erythromycin (3.2% of isolates); of these, more than 50% were identified as S. epidermidis. A total of 15 (1.2%) resistant isolates of staphylococci originated from foodstuffs. Resistance mediated by methylation - i.e. iMLSB-resistance (10 isolates with the erm(A) or erm (C) gene) and constitutive MLSB-resistance (one isolate with the erm (B) and erm (C) genes) - exhibited a significantly high level of resistance to erythromycin with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 64 - >128 mg/l (MICmode = >128 mg/l). In contrast, the efflux mechanism encoded by the msr(A) gene (13 isolates; MICrange = 4-128, MICmode = 128 mg/l), the inactivation mechanisms of resistance encoded by the mph(C) gene (three isolates; MICrange = 8-32 mg/l), and/or their combination (13 isolates; MICrange = 4-128, MICmode = 64 mg/l) led to lower MIC values. The efflux gene Keywords: food safety, inducible MLSB-resistance, msr(A), mph(C) Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 307-314 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1856-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1856-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200806-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:6:id:1856-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Papezova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Havlickova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Sisak Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kummer Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Faldyna Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Rychlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of live and inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines containing different combinations of SPI-1 and SPI-2 antigens in poultry Abstract: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica originating from poultry and poultry products is responsible for the vast majority of human gastrointestinal disorders in Europe. For this reason different measures that seek to decrease its incidence in poultry including vaccination with inactivated vaccine continue to be tested. In this study we compared four different inactivated vaccines of S. Typhimurium in chickens which were enriched by SPI-1 or SPI-2 proteins that are central to Salmonella virulence. Six-week-old chickens were intramuscularly vaccinated, revaccinated at 9 weeks and challenged at 12 weeks of age. For two weeks post challenge faecal shedding was monitored. There was no significant difference in the performance of the four compared inactivated vaccines and all of them decreased faecal shedding during the first weeks post infection by 10-1 000× when compared with non-immunized control chickens. However, the level of protection provided by inactivated vaccines was much lower when compared with a live vaccine based on a phoP rpoS double deletion S. Typhimurium mutant which was included as an additional control. Keywords: serological response, faecal shedding, attenuated vaccine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 315-323 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1858-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1858-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200806-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:6:id:1858-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Velisek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Piackova Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Novotny Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Blahova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Sudova Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Maly Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Title: Effects of metribuzin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of metribuzin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). An experimental group of fish was exposed to Sencor 70 WG pesticide product (active substance 70% of metribuzin). The acute semistatical toxicity test lasting 96 h was performed on rainbow trout juveniles. The 96hLC50 value of Sencor 70 WG was 89.3 mg/l. An examination of the haematological and biochemical profile and histopathological tissue examinations were performed on one- to two-year-old rainbow trout after 96 h of exposure to Sencor WG 70 in a concentration of 89.3 mg/l. The experimental group showed significantly lower values (P < 0.01) of plasma total proteins, triacylglycerols, aspartate aminotransferase, ammonia, calcium, lactate, alkaline phosphatase, erythrocyte count, haematocrit and significantly higher (P < 0.01) values of erythrocyte haemoglobin compared to the control group. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) in both the relative and absolute lymphocyte count and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in both the relative and absolute count of neutrophile granulocytes were also recorded in the experimental group. The histopathological examination revealed mild proliferation of goblet cells of the respiratory epithelium of secondary gill lamellae and hyaline degeneration of epithelial cells of the renal tubules of the caudal kidney. This alteration of kidney resulted in hypoproteinaemia, followed by the formation of transudate in the body cavity. The metribuzin-based Sencor WG 70 pesticide product was classified among substances harmful to fish. Keywords: triazine, acute toxicity, haematological profile, biochemical profile of blood, histopathology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 324-332 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1857-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1857-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200806-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:6:id:1857-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Rovira Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Avda, Seminario CEU, Moncada, Valencia, Spain Author-Name: A. Munoz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Avda, Seminario CEU, Moncada, Valencia, Spain Author-Name: M. Benito Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Avda, Seminario CEU, Moncada, Valencia, Spain Title: Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs Abstract: Exercise induces a variety of physiological and laboratorial changes of different magnitude and direction, depending on the characteristics of the performed exercise (duration and intensity) and on the fitness and training level of the dog. The present research aims to describe the normal response to a session of search and rescue exercise in trained dogs in order to distinguish these changes from those derived from exhaustion or diseases. Nine healthy and trained dogs of both sexes (five females and four males), aged between 24 months and seven years (mean: 3.5 years) were studied. Exercise consisted in a normal session of searching and rescue training of 20 min of duration, carried out in an open terrain. During the exercise, heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously with a HR-meter. Furthermore, respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and venous blood samples were extracted at rest (R), immediately after exercise (E) and at 5, 15 and 30 min of a passive recuperation (5REC, 15REC and 30REC). The following laboratorial parameters were studied: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), RBC volumetric indices, white blood cells (WBC), creatinine (CREAT), total plasma protein (TPP), lactate (LA), glucose (GLU), triacylglycerols (TAG), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Na, K, Cl, cortisol (CORT) and insulin (INS). Clinical signs indicative of exhaustion or exercise intolerance were not observed in the dogs during the study. HR increased with E and remained over the reference range until 30REC. RR and RT also rose with E, with the highest RR at 5REC. RBC, HB and PCV were not affected by E, whereas WBC increased at E. TPP, GLU, AST and K were not affect by E neither by REC. E induced elevations in CK, LDH, LA and INS, reaching R values at 30REC, 30REC, 15REC and 5REC, respectively. Plasma Na decreased with E and recovered at 30REC. Plasma Cl decreased with E, without additional significant changes. Circulating CORT concentrations were reduced with E, with the highest reduction at 10REC. Modifications of RR, RT, WBC, CREAT and TAG persisted throughout the recovery period. In conclusion, significant modifications in physiological and laboratorial parameters were induced by the searching and rescue exercise, with values outside the reference range for healthy dogs. These data provide a data base for evaluating ill or injured dogs during this type of exercise. In addition, there was not evidence of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and stress or muscle disorders in the studied dogs. Keywords: dog, exercise, heart rate, hematology, hormones, lactate, metabolism Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 333-346 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1860-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1860-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200806-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:53:y:2008:i:6:id:1860-VETMED