Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. Zitnan
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner",
Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: J. Voigt
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner",
Author-Name: S. Kuhla
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner",
Author-Name: J. Wegner
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit Muscle Biology & Growth, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Dummerstorf, Germany
Author-Name: A. Chudy
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner",
Author-Name: U. Schoenhusen
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner",
Author-Name: M. Brna
Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: M. Zupcanova
Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: H. Hagemeister
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Unit Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner",
Title: Morphology of small intestinal mucosa and intestinal weight change with metabolic type of cattle
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate rumen fermentation, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and morphology of ruminal und intestinal mucosa in two cattle breeds of different metabolic type. From each breed six purebred German Holstein (H) bulls representing the secretion type and six Charolais (CH) bulls representing the accretion type were raised and fattened under identical conditions with semi ad libitum feeding of a high energy diet. The animals were used for a digestion trial started at nine months of age and animals were slaughtered at 18 months of age. Body weight (668 vs. 764 kg, P = 0.011), body weight gain (1 223 vs. 1 385 g/day, P = 0.043), and body protein gain (93 vs. 128 g/day, P = 0.001) were lower in H compared to CH bulls. Protein expense per kg protein accretion was higher in H bulls (13.8 vs. 10.2, P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in concentration and pattern of ruminal short chain fatty acid and in apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude fibre, and N-free extracts. There were no significant differencs in all morphometric traits of rumen mucosa between both cattle breeds. Compared to H, the villi of CH bulls were higher in duodenum (586 vs. 495 μm, P = 0.001) and proximal jejunum (598 vs. 518μm, P < 0.001), the crypt were deeper in duodenum (295 vs. 358, P< 0.001) and proximal jejunum (292 vs. 344 μm, P = 0.020). In contrast, the villi in ileum were higher in H (522 vs. 471 μm, P = 0.006). The weight of total small intestine, as percentage of total body weight, was 1.1 in H and 0.8 in CH (P = 0.002). The utilization of food crude protein was positively related to the duodenal (P = 0.001) and proximal jejunal villus height (P = 0.003) and to the duodenal crypt depth (P < 0.001) and negatively related to weight of small intestine (P = 0.004). It is concluded, that the higher growth potential and feed efficiency in CH bulls compared to H bulls is not caused by differences in digestion processes, but in size of small intestine, and morphology of small intestinal mucosa. Obviously the duodenum and proximal jejunum of CH bulls adapt to increase the absorptive surface due to the increase in nutrient demand.
Keywords: cattle, German Holstein, Charolais, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, ruminal and intestinal mucosa morphology
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 525-532
Volume: 53
Issue: 10
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/1968-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1968-VETMED.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Z. Pidsudko
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: K. Wasowicz
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: J. Kaleczyc
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: M. Majewski
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: M. Lakomy
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Title: Proliferative enteropathy (PPE)-induced changes in the expression of DBH, VAChT and NOS in the neurons of intramural ganglia of the porcine ileum
Abstract: As enteric neurons are regarded to be highly adaptive in their response to various pathological states, including inflammation, it appears to be of interest to study the chemical coding of neurons in the intramural ganglia of the ileum wall in the course of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) evoked by Lawsonia intracellularis. The study was performed on 12 juvenile pigs of the Large White Polish breed. The pigs were divided into the control (C, n = 6) group and the group consisting of pigs with clinically diagnosed Lawsonia intracellularis infection (E, n = 6). In E group animals the infection was confirmed with a PCR-based test. All the animals were sacrificed and segments of the ileum being pathologically changed were processed for double-labelling immunofluorescence using antibody against protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) combined with antibody for dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) or nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Immunohistochemistry revealed in the inner submucous plexus (ISP) and outer submucous plexus (OSP) an increase of the number of neurons containing DβH and VAChT in the E group. Interestingly, a decrease in the number of DβH- and VAChT-positive neurons in meynteric plexus (MP) ganglia of the E group animals was observed. The most remarkable difference in the chemical coding of enteric neurons between the control and PPE-suffering pigs was a significant increase of the number of NOS-positive nerve cells in the MP and OSP of the infected animals. The present results show that acetylcholine, catecholamines and NO may be involved in the regulation of functions of the porcine enteric nerve pathways not only under physiological, but also pathological conditions.
Keywords: ileum, enteric nervous system, biologically active substances, immunohistochemistry, porcine proliferative enteropathy, pig
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 533-542
Volume: 53
Issue: 10
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/1964-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1964-VETMED.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: H.T. Ma
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Author-Name: X. Tang
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Author-Name: C.Y. Tian
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Author-Name: S.X. Zou
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Author-Name: G.Q. Huang
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Author-Name: W.H. Chen
Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Title: Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on growth performance, lipid metabolic hormones and parameters in broilers
Abstract: One hundred and eighty (180) day-old broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on growth performance, carcass composition, and the serum concentrations of several lipid metabolic hormones and metabolic parameters (indicators). The broilers received the same basal diets, with DHEA added at 0 (control), 5 and 20 mg/kg feed. During the experimental period, broilers fed DHEA exhibited lower levels of triglycerides (TG), total serum cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) as compared to the control animals, but a marked increase in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Adding DHEA to the diet significantly decreased serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), and serum free thyroxine (FT4), but significantly increased the serum leptin (LEP) and glucogon (GLU) levels in male broiler chickens. However, female broiler chickens showed pronounced differences in LEP, FT3 and FT4 only, while there were no differences in the other three metabolic hormones (T3, T4 and GLU). Overall, these results indicate that DHEA improves lipid metabolism through the regulation of metabolic hormones and metabolic parameters, while not adversely affecting growth performance in broiler chickens.
Keywords: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), growth performance, carcass composition, lipid metabolic hormones and parameters, broilers
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 543-549
Volume: 53
Issue: 10
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/1963-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1963-VETMED.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I. Herzig
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: E. Strakova
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: P. Suchy
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Long-term application of clinoptilolite via the feed of layers and its impact on the chemical composition of long bones of pelvic limb (femur and tibiotarsus) and egg cortex
Abstract: Selected 120 layers, hybrid breed Bovans Goldline, were divided into two balanced groups: control (C) and experimental (E) group. The layers were raised in three-floor cage technology with automatic watering, manual feeding, in the environment with regulated lighting and thermal schedule. The actual experimental period started in the 22nd week and ended in the 68th week of age of the layers. In the period following the filling of the cages the layers received complete feed mixture N1, subsequently, until the end of the experiment, they received feed mixture N2. The feed mixtures for Group C and E were of the same composition, with the only difference that the feed mixture designed for the experimental group contained 1% of clinoptilolite (commercial additive ZeoFeed) as a substitute for the same portion of wheat.. The layers consumed the feed mixtures and drinking water ad libitum. In the layers of Group E the intensity of egg laying increased by 1.1%, which corresponds to an increased number of laid eggs 3.08 per layer. The average weight of laid eggs was 66.3 ± 6.25 g in the layers of Group C, 65.6 ± 5.44 g (P ≤ 0.05) in the experimental layers of Group E. In Group E the consumption of feed mixture per one egg was 4.1 g lower when compared to the control. In 100% dry matter the eggshell of layers that received clinoptilolite (Group E), as opposed to Group C, had a statistically significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) content of crude protein, calcium and magnesium. Almost the same and insignificant difference in values was found in ash and phosphorus. The values of the same indicators were statistically significantly higher in both monitored bones (femur and tibiotarsus) (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01) during the application of clinoptilolite (Group E), with the exception of P in femur, where an insignificant rise in the level of P occurred. The rise in the concentration of Mg in Group E was of particular importance: in femur by 50.4%, in tibiotarsus by 32.4%. If we compare the monitored values in femur and tibiotarsus, we can see that the levels of ash, Ca and P are higher in tibiotarsus, and the levels of crude protein and Mg are lower. The long-term application of clinoptilolite favourably influenced the lodgement of Ca, P, Mg and crude protein in the eggshell as well as in the bones (femur, tibiotarsus), increased the egg production and reduced the consumption of feed mixture per one egg, while the good productive health of the layers was maintained.
Keywords: Zeofeed, crude protein, ash, Ca, P, Mg, egg yield, consumption of feed mixtures
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 550-554
Volume: 53
Issue: 10
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/1965-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1965-VETMED.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Swiatkiewicz
Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
Author-Name: J. Koreleski
Author-Workplace-Name: National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
Title: The effect of zinc and manganese source in the diet for laying hens on eggshell and bones quality
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc and manganese source (inorganic vs. organic) in the diet for hens on laying performance, eggshell quality and chosen parameters of bones. Experiment was carried out on 84 Hy Line Brown hens, from 25 to 70 weeks of age, allocated to seven experimental groups, each containing 12 hens individually caged on wire-mesh floor. All layers were fed the same basal diet contained in 1 kg 52 mg Zn and 30 mg Mn. In experimental treatments basal diet was supplemented with 30 mg Zn/kg and 50 mg Mn/kg and inorganic forms of Zn (ZnO) and Mn (MnO) were gradually replaced (in 0, 50 or 100%) with their organic sources (amino acid complexes). Egg production, egg weight, feed intake and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Substitution of Zn and Mn oxides with amino acid complexes of microelements had also no effect on physical and geometrical parameters of tibia, ash content in tibia and in toes, eggshell percent, eggshell thickness and eggshell density, but improved (P < 0.05) eggshell breaking strength in late phase of laying cycle (at 62 and 70 weeks of age). Obtained results indicate that use of organic complexes of Zn and Mn could alleviate the negative effect of hen age on eggshell breaking strength.
Keywords: laying hens, zinc, manganese, organic complexes, eggshell quality, tibia bones, laying performance
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 555-563
Volume: 53
Issue: 10
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/1966-VETMED
File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1966-VETMED.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Tomenendalova
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Mayer
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Doubek
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: D. Horky
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: K. Rehakova
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Doubek
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Chlorambucil and fludarabine as a new pre-transplant conditioning for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of in vivo experiments
Abstract: Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), incurable by standard treatments, may be potentially cured by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Since CLL affects predominantly older people, there is a need for some low-toxicity conditioning with, on the other hand, strong antileukemic activity. Since there are very encouraging results with busulfan + fludarabine conditionings in myeloid malignancies and since the clinical study with the combination treatment with chlorambucil and fludarabine was stopped prematurely for myelotoxicity, we hypothesized that this chlorambucil + fludarabine combination would have the potential as a good conditioning for high-risk lymphoid malignancies. The aim of this study was to test the chlorambucil + fludarabine combination in vivo (in rats) for toxicity. Male Wistar rats were used in all experiments. First, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of each drug was tested. For fludarabine, doses of 0.75-60 mg/kg/day, and for chlorambucil, doses of 0.15-50 mg/kg/day were used, all administered for five days. Then, the combination treatment was tested: (1) fludarabine and chlorambucil simultaneously (F+CH), (2) fludarabine followed by chlorambucil (F-CH), (3) chlorambucil followed by fludarabine (CH-F); all drugs were administered for five days. For fludarabine alone, the MTD was not reached. Clinically, the rats tolerated well even the highest doses. Moreover, no myelotoxicity was seen. However, pneumotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and gastrointestinal toxicity were found by a histological examination. For chlorambucil alone, the MTD is about 40-50 mg/kg/day. Pneumotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and myelotoxicity were observed. The combination treatment tested a fixed dose of fludarabine (3 mg/kg per day) and three doses of chlorambucil (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg/day). Clinically, the best tolerated combination was fludarabine followed by chlorambucil (F-CH). Haematological toxicity was observed, usually affecting predominantly lymphocytes, and interestingly, it was most pronounced in the clinically best tolerated regimen. Rats can tolerate extremely high doses of fludarabine and chlorambucil. Based on these experiments, for further development, hopefully into the clinical usage, we could recommend the administration of fludarabine, followed by chlorambucil. This combination will further be tested together with monoclonal antibodies and total lymphoid irradiation as a conditioning regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Keywords: rat, haematological toxicity, non-haematological toxicity, antileukemic drugs
Journal: Veterinární medicína
Pages: 564-571
Volume: 53
Issue: 10
Year: 2008
DOI: 10.17221/1967-VETMED
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