Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Palenik Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Dolezel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kratochvil Author-Workplace-Name: Pfizer spol. s r.o., Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Cech Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Zajic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Jan Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vyskocil Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of rectal temperature in diagnosis of puerperal metritis in dairy cows Abstract: The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the body temperature within the interval of 10 days post partum in cows with puerperal metritis, as confirmed by a clinical examination, in comparison with cows without clinical symptoms of this disease. In addition, the body temperature in cows having a purulent and putrid character of lochia was compared. Rectal temperature was measured daily in 92 randomly selected cows. The cows were examined clinically on day 10 ± 3 post partum and were divided according to the character of lochia into Group M1 (purulent lochia, n = 29), Group M2 (putrid lochia, n = 28) and Group C (normal lochia, n = 35). The number of cows with a fever (temperature > 39.0°C or > 39.5°C) at least once during 10 days post partum was higher in Groups M1 and M2 compared to Group C (86.2% and 92.9% vs. 54.3%, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, or 41.4% and 71.4% vs. 14.3%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). In addition, there was a higher number of cows with a temperature > 39.5°C in Group M2 in comparison with Group M1 (P < 0.05). More cows showed consistent temperatures > 39.0°C for three days or > 39.5°C for two days in Group M2 compared to Group C (42.9% vs. 8.6%, P < 0.01 or 25.0% vs. 2.9%, P < 0.05). Average daily temperatures were higher in Group M2 compared to Group C on Days 1, 3, 5 and 7 (PP < 0.05) as well as on Days 2 and 6 (P < 0.01) post partum. The results reveal the following: higher incidence of body temperature > 39.0°C in cows with puerperal metritis; risk period for fever from Day 3 to Day 7 post partum; higher incidence of fever in cows with putrid lochia compared to cows with purulent lochia; body temperature > 39.5°C being a more accurate indicator of puerperal metritis than temperature > 39.0°C. Despite that, the occurrence of fever was irregular. In conclusion, measurement of body temperature does not represent a sufficiently accurate diagnostic method for puerperal metritis although it may be considered a useful indicator for assessment of the severity of the disease. Keywords: dairy herd, body temperature, purulent lochia, putrid lochia, fever Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 149-155 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/3026-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3026-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:3026-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Gancarcikova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Buleca Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Zitnan Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Nemcova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Scirankova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Koscova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Mudronova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Hluchy Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Huska Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Kosice, Slovak Republic Title: Postnatal morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets Abstract: The present study examined the impact of Enterococcus faecium on morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets during milk nutrition and weaning. The experiment was carried out on (18) gnotobiotic piglets. The piglets were non-colostral and the feeding ration consisted of autoclaved milk substitute (Sanolac Ferkel, Germany). From the first day of life a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium was administered continually at a dose of 2 ml of inoculum (1 ml contained 1 × 14 CFU). The animals were weaned on Day 28. Gastrointestinal tract was collected from 18 gnotobiotic piglets slaughtered at three hours after birth and at the age of 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. The level of short-chain fatty acids was determined in the contents of jejunum, ileum and colon. Samples of intestinal mucosa (from duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were subjected to morphological analysis. We characterized regional variations in morphological and functional responses of the small intestine. The jejunal part of the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic piglets was characterized by relatively short crypts, extremely long villi and narrow lamina propria which contained only few cells up to Day 14 of life. Morphological examination showed that jejunal and ileal villi were significantly lower at 21 days of age (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, resp.). Depending on age, the concentration of both acetoacetic acid and acetic acid was higher in the jejunal contents. The difference was significant on Day 7 of age (P < 0.05) for acetoacetic acid and on Day 28 of age (P < 0.01) for acetic acid. The concentration of acetic acid in the colonal content of gnotobiotic piglets was significantly higher on Day 7 (P < 0.05) and 21 of age (PP < 0.01). The study demonstrated that the respective bacterial species affected differently the intestinal morphology and concentration of short-chain fatty acids and suggested that postnatal bacterial colonization patterns may have long-term effects on intestinal health and development. Keywords: gnotobiotic piglets, intestinal morphology, short-chain fatty acids, Enterococcus faecium, development, weaning Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 156-168 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/3023-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3023-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:3023-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.Y. Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Biology and Environmental Eengineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: J.Y. Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: W.Q. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Biology and Environmental Eengineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: J.G. Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China Title: Co-expression of IBV structural proteins and chicken interleukin-2 for DNA immunization Abstract: The S1 gene of IBV and the chicken IL-2 gene were ligated together into a eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo for co-expression evaluation in vitro. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into Vero cells, and the expression of targeted proteins was confirmed by an indirect immunofluorescent assay and immunocytochemistry assay. By repeating intramuscular injection several times, the co-expression plasmids provided chicks with some immune protection against viral infection. Keywords: IBV, S1 gene, IL2, expression Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 169-174 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/23/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/23/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:23-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Satue Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Moncada, Valencia, Spain Author-Name: O. Blanco Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Moncada, Valencia, Spain Author-Name: A. Munoz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Moncada, Valencia, Spain Title: AGE-related differences in the hematological profile of Andalusian broodmares of Carthusian strain Abstract: Normal hematological values need to be defined for each equine breed and age in order to increase diagnostic precision. No published data on hematology exist for Carthusian horses. This research compares the hematological characteristics of pregnant Carthusian broodmares of different ages. Forty-four pregnant Carthusian broodmares were divided into three age Groups: A (4-7 years; n = 18), B (8-12; n = 15) and C (13-17; n = 11). Jugular blood samples were taken every 14 days during pregnancy and data were pooled for each animal. The following hematological variables were determined: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), volumetric indices, white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT). Furthermore, the numbers and percentages of lymphocytes (LYMP), band (BNL) and total neutrophils (NL), eosinophils (EOS), monocytes (MON), basophils (BAS) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L) were counted on blood smears. Total serum protein concentrations (TSP) were also measured. The lower values of RBC, WBC, LYMP and PLT in the older broodmares (Group C) possibly reflected a decline in bone marrow activity. The lower RBC of these mares was compensated by an increased MCV. The higher NL values in Group C, both BNL and NL, could have represented subclinical infections, since these animals also presented the highest TSP. Likewise, the animals of Group C showed the highest EOS counts. This research demonstrated that ageing significantly influences the hematological values of Carthusian broodmares, with the most marked differences in mares older than 13 years and that these physiological variations must be taken into account in a clinical context. Keywords: age, broodmares, hematology, horses Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 175-182 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/32/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:32-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.Y. Heo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: H.B. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: K.C. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: BioSafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Republic of Korea Author-Name: M.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: BioSafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Republic of Korea Author-Name: C.S. Na Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: N.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Workplace-Name: BioSafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Republic of Korea Title: Biomechanical assessment of freeze-dried allograft cortical bone plate graft in canine bone defect model Abstract: Freeze-dried cortical bone can be used as a biological plate, either alone or in combination with other internal fixation devices, to stabilize fractures. In addition to it conferring mechanical stability, freeze-dried cortical bone may enhance fracture-healing and increase the bone stock. This study examined the effect of a freeze-dried allograft cortical bone plate (FACBP) on the biomechanical properties of an implant site in a canine bone defect model. Twelve adult mongrel dogs (around 4.8 kg) were used. A segmental critical-size defect (5 mm in length) at ulna diaphysis was created using an oscillating saw. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: eight dogs treated with an absorbable bone plate (FACBP) fixed by metal bone screws (Group A) and four dogs treated with a commercial stainless steel bone plate and metal bone screws (Group B). Bone healing was assessed by radiography, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and a three-point bending test. The FACBP incorporated in the host bone produced complete remodeling of the cortical bone. There was no significant difference in the bone mineral density and biomechanical tests between the FACBP application site and normal ulna or a stainless steel bone plate of the ulna. These results suggest that FACBP facilitates recovery from a bone fracture by assisting in the induction of new bone formation in a defected fracture. Keywords: bone defect model, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, absorbable bone plate Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 183-190 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/3029-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3029-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:3029-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Sedlak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Virology and Serology, State Veterinary Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Girma Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holejsovsky Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Pestivirus infections in cervids from the Czech Republic Abstract: 372 sera of cervids from the Czech Republic were examined for antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the presence of the BVDV by AgELISA. Antibodies to BVDV/BDV were found in 0.6% (two positive/305 tested) red deer (Cervus elaphus). BVDV/BDV antibodies were not found in four sika deer (Cervus Nippon) and 63 fallow deer (Dama dama). All serum samples were BVDV antigen negative. Our results confirmed that red deer in the Czech Republic are only rarely infected with Pestiviruses. This was the first survey of pestiviruses in farmed and wild cervids in the Czech Republic. Keywords: bovine viral diarrhea virus, red deer, fallow deer, wildlife, prevalence, ELISA Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 191-193 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/29/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:29-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Aydin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: G. Dinc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: S. Yilmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Title: The spinal nerves that constitute the plexus lumbosacrales of porcupines (Hystrix cristata) Abstract: In this study, the spinal nerves that constitute the plexus lumbosacrales of porcupines (Hystrix cristata) were investigated. Four porcupines (two males and two females) were used in this work. Animals were appropriately dissected and the spinal nerves that constitute the plexus lumbosacrales were examined. It was found that the plexus lumbosacrales of the porcupines was formed by whole rami ventralis of L1, L2, L3, L4, S1 and a fine branch from T15 and S2. The rami ventralis of T15 and S2 were divided into two branches. The caudal branch of T15 and cranial branch of S2 contributed to the plexus lumbosacrales. At the last part of the plexus lumbosacrales, a thick branch was formed by contributions from the whole of L4 and S1, and a branch from each of L3 and S2. This root gives rise to the nerve branches which are disseminated to the posterior legs (caudal gluteal nerve, caudal cutaneous femoral nerve, ischiadic nerve). Thus, the origins of spinal nerves that constitute the plexus lumbosacrales of porcupine differ from rodantia and other mammals. Keywords: lumbosacral plexus, nerves, posterior legs, porcupines (Hystrix cristata) Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 194-197 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/55/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:55-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.B. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: Y.S. Chung Author-Workplace-Name: College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Joenju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: S.Y. Heo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Author-Name: N.S. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Title: Augmentation of bone healing of nonunion fracture using stem cell based tissue engineering in a dog: a case report Abstract: A 4-year-old, intact male crossbreed dog, weighing 27 kg, was referred for the treatment of a nonunion fracture. The radiographs revealed displacement of the radius and ulna bone fracture fragment and a sclerotic fracture end of the radius. Autologous adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and expanded ex vivo in a culture. The ADSCs (3.2 × 107 cells) were seeded on a composition scaffold made from hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (CH) fibers. The seeded scaffold with ADSCs was placed on the fracture site and the bone fracture was stabilized. A sample of seeded scaffold with ADSCs was taken to evaluate the extent of cell attachment and morphology on the scaffold using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM showed that ADSCs adhered to the scaffold well and many bone nodules formed from the bone matrix secreted by ADSCs. Three months after surgery, the nonunion had successfully healed with no complications. The application of a composition scaffold of HA and CH containing ADSCs can be used to treat a nonunion fracture by augmenting bone healing and may decrease the risk of surgical failure of nonunion fractures. Keywords: adipose derived stem cells, scaffold, nonunion fracture, tissue engineering Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 198-203 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/3024-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3024-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200904-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:3024-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kazda Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Name: J. O. Falkinham Author-Name: K. Hruska Title: The Ecology of Mycobacteria: Impact on Animal's and Human's Health Keywords: Environmental mycobacteria, Epidemiology, Epizootology, Mycobacterial ecology, Potentially pathogenic mycobacteria Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 204 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/3030-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3030-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:4:id:3030-VETMED