Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z.H. Li Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology Vodnany, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Randak Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology Vodnany, Czech Republic Title: Residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environment - status, toxicity and kinetics: a review Abstract: Awareness of residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic ecosystems is growing as research into these pollutants increases and analytical detection techniques improve. For most pharmaceuticals analyzed, the effects on aquatic organisms have usually been investigated by toxic assays in the laboratory. However, little is known about integral analysis of pharmacokinetics in aquatic organisms and specific relations between pharmacokinetic parameters and influence factors. Moreover, the influence of the organisms involved and numerous other external factors complicates development of standard tests for environmental evaluation. Current knowledge about residual pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, including status, toxic effects, and pharmacokinetics in aquatic organisms, are reviewed. Based on the above, we identify major gaps in the current knowledge and some directions for future research, such as improvement of techniques to remove residual pharmaceuticals from wastewater, and the establishment of standard pharmaceutical modes of action. Keywords: residual PhACs, aquatic environment, status, toxicity, kinetics Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 295-314 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/97/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/97/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200907-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:97-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Lakomy Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Winnicka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland Author-Name: K. Wasowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Zmudzki Author-Workplace-Name: National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland Author-Name: J. Kaleczyc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: W. Sienkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: P. Podlasz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Changes in the content of neuropeptides in intestinal lymph nodes of pigs suffering from experimental Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection Abstract: The studies were performed in order to investigate the mutual interrelationship of the peripheral nervous system and particular types and sub-types of lymphocytes located in the intestinal lymph nodes of the pig. Using the ELISA method and the flow cytometry the tissue concentration of VIP, SP, GAL and SOM, as well as the number of lymphocytes containing antigens CD2, CD21, CD4, CD5, CD8 and TCRgamma/delta were determined. As compared to 4-months old pigs of the control group, in 4-months old pigs in which experimental enteritis was induced with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection, a statistically significant increase in SP and GAL concentration was shown in the lymph nodes. No statistically significant differences in the concentration of VIP and SOM were detected. As regards changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations of CD21+, CD4+/CD8+ and TCRgd+/CD8- (regarded as a subpopulation of NK cells) lymphocytes, the mean frequency of CD21+ changed from 50.05% in control pigs to 25.82% in animals suffering from dysentery, the number of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes changed from 6.98% to 18.97%, and at the same period, the subpopulations of TCRgd+/CD8- lymphocytes changed from 17.76% to 0.38%. Keywords: pig, neuropeptides, lymphocytes, dysentery, intestinal lymph nodes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 315-323 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/98/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/98/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200907-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:98-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Misurova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Pavlata Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Pechova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Dvorak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of a long-term peroral supplementation with sodium selenite and selenium lactate-protein complex on selenium status in goats and their kids Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a long-term peroral selenium supplementation in the form of sodium selenite and selenium lactate-protein complex by comparing selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of goats and their kids as well as comparing selenium concentrations in goat colostrums. For the study, a total of 27 clinically healthy pregnant white shorthair goats were used. They were divided to three groups, i.e., the control group (C) without any selenium supplementation, sodium selenite group (E1) and selenium lactate-protein complex group (E2). For four months, experimental goats received 0.43 mg of selenium per animal per day in diet; goats from the control group were given 0.15 mg of selenium per animal per day. At the beginning of the experiment, goats of all groups showed an average selenium concentration of 96 μg/l in whole blood. On the parturition day, samples of first colostrum from goats and heparinized blood from goats and kids were taken. In the control group (C), average blood selenium concentrations of 111.4 ± 33.5 μg/l were observed on the parturition day. In both experimental groups, selenium concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Average selenium concentration in the sodium selenite group (E1) was 177.2 ± 34.8 μg/l and in the group supplemented with selenium lactate-protein complex (E2) 159.0 ± 28.5 μg/l. Average glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in blood of control goats (C) was 581.9 ± 99.2 μkat/l, in group E1 1 154.6 ± 156.2 μkat/l and in group E2 1 011.6 ± 153.6 μkat/l. GSH-Px activity in experimental groups was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Average selenium concentrations in colostrum was in the control group 40.1 ± 12.8 μg/l, in E1 99.0 ± 29.9 μg/l and in group E2 79.0 ± 17.7 μg/l. Colostral selenium concentrations in experimental groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. No significant difference in the monitored parameters was found between experimental groups. In kids of control mothers (kC), average selenium concentrations in blood on the parturition day were 62.4 ± 22.9 μg/l; kids of mothers supplemented with sodium selenite (kE1) showed average selenium levels of 100.0 ± 31.2 μg/l, and the average selenium concentration in kids of mothers receiving lactate-protein complex was 83.4 ± 20.1 μg/l (kE2). Average GSH-Px activity in control kids (kC) was 402.1 ± 153.9 μkat/l. Kids from kE1 showed average activity of GSH-Px 806.1 ± 254.9 μkat/l and kids from group kE2 529.9 ± 119.8 μkat/l. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found only between kC and kE1 which showed significantly higher selenium concentration and GSH-Px activity. The results of this study confirm that both forms of selenium administered in experimental groups (i.e., sodium selenite and selenium lactate-protein complex) had similar biological effect in goats. However, results obtained in kids indicate a better effect of supplementation with sodium selenite. Keywords: mother-kid relationship, trace element, glutathione peroxidase, colostrum, organic selenium, inorganic selenium Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 324-332 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/107/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/107/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200907-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:107-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Aydin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Title: The dissemination of pelvic limb nerves originating from the lumbosacral plexus in the porcupine (Hystrix cristata) Abstract: In this study the nerves originating from the plexus lumbosacrales of porcupines (Hystrix cristata) were investigated. Four porcupines (two males and two females) were used. The plexus lumbosacrales of animals were appropriately dissected and dissemination of pelvic limb nerves originating from the plexus lumbosacrales was examined. The nerves originated from the plexus lumbosacrales of porcupines (Hystrix cristata): iliohypogastric nerve from T15, ilioinguinal nerve (on the left side of only one animal) genitofemoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves from T15 and L1, the femoral and obturator nerves from T15, L1, L2 and L3. The femoral nerve divided into two as the common dorsal digital nerve I and II after it branched into motor and skin nerves. The cranial gluteal nerve originated from L3 and L4 in males and from only L3 in females. The caudal gluteal nerve and the caudal femoral cutaneous and sciatic nerves originated from the common root which was formed by the union of L3, L4 and S1 in one animal, and by the union of L3, L4, S1 and S2 in the three other animals. The sciatic nerve divided into the tibial and fibular nerve. The fibular nerve divided into two as the common dorsal digital nerve III and IV, and extended after branching in one direction to extensor muscles. The tibial nerve divided into the common palmares digital nerve I, II, III and IV, and extended after branching into the cutaneous surae caudales nerve and rami muscle distales. The cutaneous surae caudales nerve divided into the common palmar and dorsal digital nerve V. The pudendal and caudal rectal nerves originated from S2 in three animals and from S1 in the remaining animal. In the point of origin from the branches of spinal nerves originating from the plexus lumbosacrales, and also in the absence of the ilioinguinal nerve (on left side abroad of only one animal), originating from T15 and L1 of the genitofemoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves, from T15 of the iliohypogastric nerve, the studied porcupines differed from rodentia and other mammals Keywords: lumbosacral plexus, dissemination, pelvic limb's nerves, posterior legs, porcupines (Hystrix cristata) Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 333-339 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/95/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200907-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:95-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.O. Ceribasi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Turkey Author-Name: Y. Eroksuz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Turkey Author-Name: S. Ceribasi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Turkey Author-Name: H. Ozer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Turkey Title: Generalized AA amyloidosis and fibrino-hemorrhagic pancreatitis in a Gazelle subgutturosa: a case report Abstract: Generalized AA Amyloidosis and fibrino-hemorrhagic pancreatitis were diagnosed in a 6-year-old, male Gazelle subgutturosa submitted for necropsy from a Wild Animal Production Station in Malatya, a province from eastern Turkey. Adhesions between the visceral surfaces of abdominal organs including the liver, pancreas, diaphragma and spleen were observed in the necropsy. Microscopically, the mass consisted of fibrino-hemorrhagic pancreatic tissue. Chronic inflammatory reactions characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrous connective tissue proliferation were found on the serosal surface in the liver. Amyloid depositions were detected and confirmed by Congo red stained sections of the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and spleen viewed under a polarized light microscope. Generalized AA amyloidosis was thought to responsible for a chronic inflammation characterized by adhesions in Gazelle subgutturosa. Generalized AA amyloidosis along with pancreatic involvement and fibrino-hemorrhagic changes are described for the first time in the Gazelle subgutturosa species. Keywords: AA amyloidosis, Gazelle subgutturosa, gazelle, pancreatitis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 340-349 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/96/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/96/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200907-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:96-2009-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.A. Sapierzynski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: I. Dolka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: A. Cywinska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Title: Multiple pathologies of the feline uterus: a case report Abstract: Uterine tumors are rare in cats, the most common clinical signs observed include presence of abdominal mass, weight loss, anorexia, pain, and vaginal bleeding in some cases. On the other hand, the most commonly diagnosed and thus the most important disease of feline uterus is cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P). A 12-year-old, sexually intact, female domestic shorthaired cat was presented due to mild weight loss and recurring vaginal discharge. Data obtained during clinical examination, ultrasonography and basic blood tests suggested the presence of cystic endometrial hyperplasia with aseptic fluid accumulation in the uterine lumen. Macroscopic findings and light microscopic examination revealed complex uterine pathology, including: (1) cystic endometrial hyperplasia in uterine horns, (2) accumulation of mucoid fluid in lumen of uterine corpus (mucometra), (3) adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus and (4) leiomyoma of the uterine cervix. Additionally, immunohistochemistry of both neoplastic tissues was made. Keywords: adenocarcinoma, cat, immunohistochemistry, leiomyoma, uterus Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 345-350 Volume: 54 Issue: 7 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/101/2009-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2009-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-200907-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:54:y:2009:i:7:id:101-2009-VETMED