Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Vondruskova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Slamova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trckova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Zraly Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review Abstract: The weaning time is a crucial period in the management of piglets. The risk of development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is high. PWD is the cause of serious economic losses in pig herds. Since 2006, the use of antibiotic growth promoters for prevention of diarrhoeal diseases in piglets has been banned. This measure also led to the investigation of alternative suitable feed supplements that would be reasonably efficient in protecting and sustaining animal health and performance. Various natural materials such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, zinc and plant extracts have been tested as effective alternatives to antibiotics. Recently, owing to their high adsorption capacity, research efforts have been conducted on the application of natural clays and clay-based feed supplements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effect of different alternative components as growth promoters on the health and performance of weaned and growing piglets. Keywords: infection, swine, antibiotics, intestinal microflora, performance, probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, zinc, phytobiotics, aluminosilicate Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 199-224 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2998-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2998-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201005-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:5:id:2998-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.L. Khol Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: V. Beran Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kralik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trckova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: W. Baumgartner Author-Workplace-Name: Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Title: Grass silage contaminated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP): a possible source of paratuberculosis infection in ruminants? Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants. Paratuberculosis can cause severe economic losses and is acknowledged as one of the most important diseases of ruminants today. High amounts of MAP can be shed in the faeces of infected individuals and can survive for a long period in the environment. In the presented trial, baled grass silage was inoculated with a MAP-suspension, and the viability of MAP was studied over time. Samples from the bales were taken at increasing intervals and subsequently tested for the presence of MAP by solid culture on Herrold's Egg Yolk Media (HEYM), liquid culture and real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the IS900 and F57 fragments. No growth of MAP was observed at any time on solid or in liquid cultures, except at the time of inoculation; PCR detections were positive in the majority of the bales. From the results of the presented study, baled grass silage can be classed as a minor risk for the transmission of MAP. Keywords: cattle, disease control, Johne's disease, feed contamination, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, paratuberculosis, risk of infection Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 225-232 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2996-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2996-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201005-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:5:id:2996-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Topic Popovic Author-Workplace-Name: Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology-Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: A. Benussi Skukan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: P. Dzidara Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: R. Coz-Rakovac Author-Workplace-Name: Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology-Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: I. Strunjak-Perovic Author-Workplace-Name: Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology-Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: L. Kozacinski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Jadan Author-Workplace-Name: Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology-Biological Materials, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Brlek-Gorski Author-Workplace-Name: Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia Title: Microbiological quality of marketed fresh and frozen seafood caught off the Adriatic coast of Croatia Abstract: Fresh and frozen seafood products (fish, shellfish, crustaceans, molluscs) in wide use in Croatia and typical of the Mediterranean diet, were examined for the presence of microbiological contamination through the winter and summer seasons. Total bacterial counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AB), aerobic psychrophilic bacteria (AP), Salmonella spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, sulphite-reducing clostridia (SRC), Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were measured. The microbiological quality of individual samples varied widely between animal species and also between winter/summer seasons regarding total counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria. The poorest quality was for (both summer and winter) fish samples, where 66.6 % of fresh and frozen fish were found unacceptable by Croatian standards. The overall prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was 5%. Its recovery rate was higher in fresh/frozen shellfish in both seasons than in other specimens or other storage/season conditions. Fresh crustaceans sampled in winter demonstrated significantly higher aerobic mesophilic counts than frozen ones. Unacceptable Enterobacteriaceae levels were obtained in 40% of the fresh fish summer samples. The results of this survey constitute an indicator of bacteriological contamination of a variety of seafood. The findings could serve as a basis for future testing of seafood, and possibly as a template for developing a regional/Mediterranean testing scheme on the microbial contamination of seafood in order to establish data with comparative epidemiological and statistical values. Keywords: enterobacteria, vibrios, microbiological contamination Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 233-241 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2997-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2997-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201005-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:5:id:2997-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Sienkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Dudek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland Title: Sources of the motor and somatic sensory innervation of the trapezius muscle in the rat Abstract: The study was carried out on nine sexually mature male rats of the Wistar breed weighing approximately 250 g each. Animals were anaesthetized with thiopental sodium injected intraperitoneally (30 mg/kg of body weight). The animals were then injected with Fast Blue tracer into the right trapezius muscle. After a survival period of five weeks the rats were transcardially perfused with buffered paraformaldehyde. The following tissue blocks were collected: spinal cord (cervical and thoracic part) with spinal ganglia and whole brain with medulla oblongata. The tissues collected were cut into 12 μm-thick cryostat sections, which were viewed under a fluorescent microscope equipped with a filter block for FB. FB-positive (FB+) neurons were counted in every fourth section to avoid double analysis. After injections of the tracer to the right trapezius muscle FB+ neurons were found in many nuclei and ganglia. The labelled cells of the medulla oblongata nuclei were found in the bilateral vestibular nuclei including superior (SuVe), lateral (LVe), medial (MVe) and spinal (SpVe) vestibular nuclei and also in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) which is a single nucleus, but only in the ipsilateral ambiguous nucleus (Amb). FB+ perikarya were also found in the spinal cord, extending between the first cervical segment (C1) and the cranial half of the seventh spinal cervical segment (C7), in an ipsilateral area ventrolateraly with respect to the central canal, within the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve (SAN). Retrograde labelled sensory neurons were found in the bilateral spinal ganglia (SPG-s), from the second cervical ganglion (C2) to the third thoracic ganglion (Th3). Keywords: trapezius muscle, innervations, nuclei, ganglia, retrograde tracing Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 242-252 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2994-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2994-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201005-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:5:id:2994-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Park Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Author-Name: J. Park Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Author-Name: J.M. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Author-Name: J.H. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Author-Name: J. Son Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Author-Name: D. Chang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Author-Name: S.H. Choi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Author-Name: G. Kim Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Title: Penetrating cranial injury due to gunshot in a dog: a case report Abstract: A ten-month old, male Black and Tan Coonhound dog was referred with ocular bleeding due to gunshot injury. His mental state was normal. A computed tomography revealed that the bullet was planted in the left cranium. It was presumed that the trajectory of the bullet penetrated from the right medial angle of the eye to the orbit, and changed its track to caudo-dorsal by penetrating the cranium, ending up at the left cranium. The bullet was removed by lateral rostrotentorial craniectomy. No complications were observed during a one-year follow-up except the blindness in the right eye. This is a rare case of gunshot-induced traumatic brain injury featuring a bullet which went through the orbit into the cranium. The damaged frontal lobe seemed to show no neurological signs at the time of first examination in this case. In conclusion, a less aggressive surgical approach is recommended to remove bullets when they are accessible. Keywords: craniectomy, gunshot, traumatic brain injury, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 253-257 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2995-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2995-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201005-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:5:id:2995-VETMED