Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kaevska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hruska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Research on Mycobacterium avium during the period 1995 to 2009 Abstract: Papers on Mycobacterium avium, published between 1995 and 2009 that are indexed in the databases Web of Science® (Thomson Reuters) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) were analysed and 3377 papers, published by 11 197 authors from 2630 institution and 75 countries were compared. Mycobacterium avium is represented by four subspecies (M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. silvaticum, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis). Mycobacteria play an important role as human and animal pathogens and represent a potential risk to consumers as food and environmental pathogens and immunomodulators. Keywords: publications, analysis, health risk, food safety Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 473-482 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2942-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2942-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201010-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:2942-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Van Meensel Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: A. Kanora Author-Workplace-Name: Moldergem 65, B-9630 Zwalm, Belgium Author-Name: L. Lauwers Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Workplace-Name: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Author-Name: J. Jourquin Author-Workplace-Name: Janssen Animal Health Beerse, Belgium Author-Name: L. Goossens Author-Workplace-Name: Janssen Animal Health Beerse, Belgium Author-Name: G. Van Huylenbroeck Author-Workplace-Name: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Title: From research to farm: ex ante evaluation of strategic deworming in pig finishing Abstract: This paper upgrades generic and partial information from parasitological research for farm-specific decision support, using two methods from managerial sciences: partial budgeting and frontier analysis. The analysis focuses on strategic deworming in pig finishing and assesses both effects on economic performance and nutrient efficiency. The application of partial budgeting and frontier analysis is based on a production-theoretical system analysis which is necessary to integrate parasitological research results to assess aggregate economic and environmental impacts. Results show that both statistically significant and insignificant parasitological research results have to be taken into account. Partial budgeting and frontier analysis appear to be complementary methods: partial budgeting yields more discriminatory and communicative results, while frontier methods provide additional diagnostics through exploring optimization possibilities and economic-environmental trade-offs. Strategic deworming results in a win-win effect on economic and environmental performances. Gross margin increases with 3 to 12 € per average present finisher per year, depending on the cyclic pig price conditions. The impact on the nutrient balance ranges from +0.2 to -0.5 kg nitrogen per average present finisher per year. The observed efficiency improvements are mainly technical and further economic and environmental optimizations can be achieved through input re-allocation. A user-friendly spreadsheet is provided to translate the generic experimental information to farm-specific conditions. Keywords: partial budgeting, frontier analysis, pig finishing, strategic deworming Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 483-493 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2940-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2940-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201010-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:2940-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Jatkauskas Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science of Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Baisogala, Lithuania Author-Name: V. Vrotniakiene Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science of Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Baisogala, Lithuania Title: Effects of probiotic dietary supplementation on diarrhoea patterns, faecal microbiota and performance of early weaned calves Abstract: Twenty Lithuanian Black-and-White calves (10 bulls, 10 heifers) were used to evaluate the effects of the supplemental probiotic product, Enterococcus faecium M74 (2.4 g/day/calve), added to fresh milk and skimmed milk in a 56 day-study. The probiotic was administered by dietary supplementation to first group of calves and their respective pens (probiotic group), whereas the second group (control group) received no probiotic supplementation. The results of this trial indicate positive effects of the probiotic product Enterococcus faecium M74. The actual percentage of calves with diarrhoea was reduced from 50 % to 20% among the calves fed the pre-and probiotic diet. Probiotic supplementation reduced the faecal count of clostridia and enterococci. The calves fed Enterococcus faecium M74 weighed more at 20, 40 and 62 days of age by 4.9%, by 9.7% (P < 0.05) and by 9.4% (P < 0.01), respectively, than the control calves. The calves fed Enterococcus faecium M74 had increased daily weight gains compared with the calves not fed a probiotic product. The average weight gain and the daily weight gain of the probiotic-supplemented calves were by 7.8 kg (P < 0.01) and by 0.14 kg higher (P < 0.01) compared with the control calves. The calves given the Enterococcus faecium M74 also had forage and total DM intakes that were numerically higher than those fed the control diet, without any additive. During the 56 days experimental period, the average feed conversion rate was improved by 12.9% in the probiotic-treated group. Keywords: dairy calves, Enterococcus faecium, growth rate, clostridia Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 494-503 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2939-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2939-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201010-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:2939-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Dolezel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Palenik Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Cech Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Kohoutova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vyskocil Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Bacterial contamination of the uterus in cows with various clinical types of metritis and endometritis and use of hydrogen peroxide for intrauterine treatment Abstract: The relationship of various clinical forms of uterine inflammation to bacterial contamination and the applicability of hydrogen peroxide for intrauterine treatment of clinical endometritis was the subject of this trial. Uterine contamination was compared among groups of cows according to clinical findings on days 10 ± 3 (mild or severe puerperal metritis and controls without symptoms of the disease: MM, n = 16 or SM, n = 8 and CM, n = 13) and 25 ± 3 (mild or severe clinical endometritis and controls without symptoms of the disease: ME, n = 28 or SE, n = 40 and CE, n = 10). The applicability of 3% hydrogen peroxide was evaluated on the basis of macroscopic examination of intact and closed uteri from slaughtered cows after infusion of 50, 80, and 100 ml of the solution, clinical as well as bacteriological examination of uteri in cows suffering from clinical endometritis (Group E1 - treatment for the first time, n = 18 and Group E2 - previous treatment for retained placenta or puerperal metritis, n = 12) before and seven days after intrauterine administration of 80 ml of the solution as well as subsequent reproductive performance of treated cows in comparison with untreated controls without symptoms of the disease (Group C, n = 20). A wider bacterial spectrum was found in the cows on day 10 ± 3 compared to day 25 ± 3. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was the main uterine contaminant in cows suffering from all clinical types of uterine inflammation while this bacterium was not shown to be present in any of the control cows (MM 7/16 and SM 6/8 vs. CM 0/13, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01; ME 14/28 and SE 18/40 vs. CE 0/10, P < 0.05). No macroscopic changes in uteri were found after infusion of various volumes of 3% hydrogen peroxide, only gas infiltration to the surrounding tissue occurred in completely closed uteri after deposition of 100 ml of the solution. Clinical symptoms of endometritis disappeared in 83% (E1) and 67% (E2) of affected cows and bacterial contamination decreased markedly (but not significantly) in both groups up to day 7 after intrauterine treatment. Reproductive parameters in treated cows compared to controls were not different. The results show an important role of A. pyogenes in the etiopathogenesis of all clinical forms of uterine inflammations in postpartum cows and support the use of 3% hydrogen peroxide for intrauterine treatment of clinical endometritis even though sufficient antibacterial effects of the treatment are still to be confirmed. Keywords: postpartum cows, puerperal metritis, clinical endometritis, bacterial contamination, 3% hydrogen peroxide Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 504-511 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2938-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2938-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201010-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:2938-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Antosik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Kempisty Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Jackowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: H. Piotrowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: D. Bukowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Wozna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Lianeri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K.-P. Brussow Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproductive Biology, FBN Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: J.M. Jaskowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Assessment of transcript and protein levels contributing to cell cycle control and gap junction connections in morphologically variable groups of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes Abstract: Oocytes and somatic cumulus cells are connected by an extensive network of gap junctions. These connections contribute in a major way to oocyte maturation and developmental competence. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in standard porcine IVM culture medium (TCM 199) for 44 h. The morphological classification of COCs is based on the number of cumulus cell layers and the degree of their compaction, as well as on cytoplasm composition (homogenous, heterogeneous). The obtained COCs were divided into four grades according to this classification system. By assessing the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) using the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test, real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) reaction methods and confocal microscopic observations, we determined the transcript levels of connexins 43 and 45, cyclin dependent kinases (cdk5 and cdk5r), and cdk inhibitors 1 and 3 (p27kip1 and cdkn3) as well as cdk4 protein in morphologically different groups of porcine oocytes isolated from puberal gilts. To assess their nuclear status the completely denuded oocytes were subjected to DAPI staining. We found statistically increased cdkn3, cdk5 and connexin 45 mRNA levels in oocytes graded as I as compared to II, III, and IV. The cdkn1, cdk5r and connexin 43 transcript contents were higher only when comparing between oocytes graded as I, III and IV. The cdk4 protein in oocytes graded I and II is localized mainly in the zona pellucida, although in grade III COCs the expression of this protein is decreased and observed only in the cytoplasm. Grade IV COCs do not demonstrate a significant presence of cdk4 protein. With regards to nuclear maturation, the percentage of MII stage oocytes was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in grade I and II oocytes as compared to grade III and IV oocytes. Our results demonstrate for the first time that cdk4 protein localization and all of the investigated transcript levels are associated with COC morphology and may be related to further maturation ability as well as developmental competence of oocytes. Keywords: pig, oocyte, connexins, cyclin-dependent kinases Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 512-521 Volume: 55 Issue: 10 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/2941-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2941-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201010-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:10:id:2941-VETMED