Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Dvorak Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Surgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vlasin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Dvorakova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Rauser Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Lexmaulova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Gregor Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Surgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Staffa Author-Workplace-Name: 2nd Department of Surgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Heparin and its derivatives in the treatment of arterial thrombosis: a review Abstract: Arterial occlusion due to thrombosis caused by ruptured atherosclerotic plaques (Baba et al., 1975) has been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western populations. Thrombosis may occur in various sections of arterial circulation, peripheral arteries of the limbs, coronary arteries, brain arteries, or both major and minor vessels within the abdominal cavity. The ultimate consequence is varying degrees of organ failure, mostly of ischemic origin. Arterial thrombosis represents a continuous problem, debilitating patients and decreasing their quality of life. Moreover, along with chronic heart failure, it can significantly decrease patient life expectancy. Arterial thrombosis results in ischemia, with serious systemic consequences, such as metabolic breakdown. The major goal of treatment remains fast and efficient recanalization - surgical, interventional or thrombolytic. To be able to prevent acute reocclusion with severe consequences (rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome, excessive tissue necrosis leading to limb amputation, etc.), several adjunctive treatment regimens have been advocated. Among others, thrombin inhibitors and platelet inhibitors have been widely used for both prophylaxis and adjunctive treatment. Direct thrombin inhibitors and antithrombin stimulators have been recognized as typical antithrombotic drugs. Direct (antithrombin-independent) thrombin inhibitors can be divided into two main categories: monovalent, active site inhibitors (argatroban, efegatran, inovastan, melagatran) and bivalent (hirudin, hirugen, hirulog, bivalirudin), while antithrombin stimulators represent standard (unfractionated) heparin (UFH) and its depolymerizing products - low molecular weight heparins (LMWH's). Recently, a clear change in the main use of heparin, as well as low-molecular weight heparins has been advocated representing a shift from treatment and prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis to prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease following vascular, cardiovascular or orthopedic surgery, treatment of unstable angina and prevention of acute myocardial infarction. The main effect of heparins lies in their anticoagulant activity. Heparins are involved in different pathways of the coagulation cascade with anticoagulant, antithrombotic, profibrinolytic, anti-aggregative, as well as anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, there is a little doubt about their anti-proliferative and anti-ischemic activity (Penka and Bulikova, 2006). Unlike standard heparin, low-molecular weight heparins do not affect the patient's general coagulation profile. Obviously, the difference in molecular weight results in different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the agents. Keywords: coagulation, arterial thrombosis, standard heparin, low-molecular weight heparins Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 523-546 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/3014-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3014-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201011-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:3014-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Adamiak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: T. Rotkiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: A histological evaluation of bone calluses in the treatment of tibia fractures in sheep with the use of a semicircular fixator Abstract: This study discusses the results of a histological examination of bone calluses in the treatment of tibia fractures in sheep with the involvement of a semi-circular fixator. In all sheep, callus samples revealed the presence of well-developed, compact bone tissue in the area of fracture healing. It was found that the use of a semi-circular fixator promoted bone growth, and that it is an effective method for tibia fracture treatment in sheep. Keywords: external fixator, bone fracture, osteosynthesis, sheep Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 547-550 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/3013-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3013-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201011-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:3013-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Siengdee Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Author-Name: K. Nganvongpanit Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Author-Name: P. Pothacharoen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Author-Name: S. Chomdej Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Author-Name: S. Mekchay Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Author-Name: S. Ong-Chai Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Title: Effects of bromelain on cellular characteristics and expression of selected genes in canine in vitro chondrocyte culture Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bromelain treatment on canine articular chondrocytes in vitro. This research evaluated cell viability, levels of apoptotis and mitotis, proteoglycan concentrations and the expression of certain genes. Chondrocytes were exposed to 50 μg/ml bromelain for 4, 16 and 32 h. The rate of apoptotis in the treatment groups was significantly lower than in the control groups that were incubated with media only (P < 0.05); and the mitotic rate in treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control groups (P < 0.05), at all durations of exposure. The effect of bromelain on gene expression was measured by the real-time PCR technique. It was found that bromelain significantly decreased (P < 0.05) TIMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. These experimental bromelain treatments have shown positive results, and have increased the basic knowledge in regard to the healing and modulation of osteoarthritis, prior to the general use of bromelain in clinical practice. Keywords: bromelain, chondrocyte, dog, cysteine proteinase Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 551-560 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/3012-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3012-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201011-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:3012-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Laus Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: E. Paggi Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: M. Cerquetella Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: D. Spaziante Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: A. Spaterna Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Author-Name: B. Tesei Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy Title: Guttural pouch mycosis in a donkey (Equus asinus): a case report Abstract: Guttural pouch mycosis is an emergency disease of the upper respiratory tract in equine species. In the present report a case of guttural pouch mycosis in a female, seven year-old pregnant donkey is described. A serious dyspnea which necessitated tracheotomy and preceding epistaxis was the most important clinical feature of guttural pouch mycosis in the donkey. A full and rapid effectiveness of the topical therapy, the protocol for which is described, is the main distinguishing feature with regard to treatment. In the Authors' knowledge a detailed description of clinical features, treatment and follow up of guttural pouch mycosis in a donkey is not available in the scientific literature. The anatomical and physiological peculiarity of donkeys could explain some of the differences with horses in clinical presentation and therapeutic management. Keywords: Keywords: donkey, guttural pouches, respiratory disease Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 561-565 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/3011-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3011-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201011-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:3011-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Smolec Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Vnuk Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: J. Kos Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: N. Brkljaca Bottegaro Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: B. Pirkic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Title: Repair of cleft palate in a calf using polypropylene mesh and palatal mucosal flap: a case report Abstract: The soft palate plays a critical role in the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. Congenitally cleft soft palates (palatoschisis) in calves are rare and pose a serious challenge for surgical correction due to high complication rates. The main obstacles to repairing palate defects are obtaining complicated access to the soft palate, and reducing the tension on the repair so that the sutures hold. A 21 day old female Simmental calf was submitted to our clinic with a history of frequent episodes of coughing and milk dripping from its nostrils after suckling. After clinical examination, a congenital cleft palate was diagnosed. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. First, lateral buccotomy was performed to improve the intraoral approach. The palatal defect was repaired using polypropylene mesh and palatal mucosal flap. An oesophageal tube was placed and anchored to the skin using a Chinese finger trap suture technique. Antibiotic treatment was continued through seven days and a transoesophageal feeding tube was fitted at the end of the surgery allowing the calf to be fed with milk during the postoperative period. Postoperatively, the caudal aspect of the repair broke down resulting in persistent mild bilateral nasal discharge. A combination of the two described techniques can be a good option for resolving palatal defects. However, adequate exposure and repair are still difficult to achieve and these approaches often result in serious postoperative complications. Keywords: cleft palate, surgical treatment, calf Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 566-570 Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/3015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201011-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:55:y:2010:i:11:id:3015-VETMED