Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Mota-Rojas Author-Workplace-Name: Department and Animal Science, Stress and Animal Welfare, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico Author-Name: H. Orozco-Gregorio Author-Workplace-Name: Department and Animal Science, Stress and Animal Welfare, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences and Health, Universidad del Valle de Mexico-Lomas Verdes, Edo Mex, Mexico Author-Name: D. Villanueva-Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Mexico Author-Name: H. Bonilla-Jaime Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico Author-Name: X. Suarez-Bonilla Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences and Health, Universidad del Valle de Mexico-Lomas Verdes, Edo Mex, Mexico Author-Name: R. Hernandez-Gonzalez Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Research and Animal Resources, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico Author-Name: P. Roldan-Santiago Author-Workplace-Name: Department and Animal Science, Stress and Animal Welfare, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico Author-Name: M.E. Trujillo-Ortega Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Production: Swine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Production, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria Mexico Title: Foetal and neonatal energy metabolism in pigs and humans: a review Abstract: The aim of this review was to elaborate a conceptual framework of the most important aspects of the main biochemical processes of synthesis and breakdown of energy substrates that human and pig foetuses and newborns can use during the transition from foetus to newborn. Under normal physiological conditions, the growth and development of the foetus depends upon nutrients such as glucose, lipids and amino acids. In addition to the maternal and foetal status, genetic factors are also reported to play a role. The main function of the placenta in all species is to promote the selective transport of nutrients and waste products between mother and foetus. This transport is facilitated by the close proximity of the maternal and foetal vascular systems in the placenta. The foetus depends on the placental supply of nutrients, which regulates energy reserves by means of glycogen storage. Also, the synthesis of foetal hepatic glycogen guarantees energy reserves during perinatal asphyxia or maternal hypoglycaemia. However, the foetus can also obtain energy from other resources, such as gluconeogenesis from the intermediary metabolism of the Krebs cycle and most amino acids. Later, when the placental glucose contribution ends during the transition to the postnatal period, the maturation of biological systems and essential metabolic adaptations for survival and growth is required. The maintenance of normoglycaemia depends on the conditions that determine nutrient status throughout life: the adequacy of glycogen stores, the maturation of the glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic pathway, and an integrated endocrine response. Keywords: hypoxia, foetal glycogenolysis, neonatal gluconeogenesis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 215-225 Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1565-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1565-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201105-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:5:id:1565-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Hruska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Slana Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kralik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in powdered infant milk: F57 competitive real time PCR Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in concentrations from 48 to 32 500 cells per gram of powdered infant milk were found in 18 out of 51 investigated samples (35%) in this study. More than 10 000 cells per gram were present in four samples (7.8%). Such concentrations mean that one package of milk contains 5 million MAP cells, which are ingested by a bottle-fed baby over the course of several days. Premature babies and bottle-fed newborns can be affected by pro-inflammatory triggers from a huge number of mycobacteria despite not suffering from infection with bacteria or viruses often linked with the etiology of Crohn's disease. Keywords: Crohn's disease, public health, food safety, environmental risk Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 226-230 Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1563-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1563-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201105-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:5:id:1563-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Munoz Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: P. Trigo Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: C. Riber Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: V. Malonda Author-Workplace-Name: Equine Clinician, Valencia, Spain Author-Name: F. Castejon Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain Title: A study of serum insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) concentrations in resting untrained Andalusian horses: influence of age and gender Abstract: Growth rate, tissue repair and reproductive functions are mediated by the somatotrophic axis, the growth hormone (GH) being one of its main components. GH is released in a pulsatile manner and a single measurement does not provide accurate information on the activity of the somatotrophic axis. The actions of GH on tissues are mediated by insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), mainly released by the liver, and thus, the measurement of IGF-1 could be considered a good indicator of the activity of GH and the somatotrophic axis. Serum IGF-1 concentrations are relatively stable due to its long biological half-life without obvious diurnal rhythm. Additionally, many diseases significantly alter circulating IGF-1 concentrations, leading to potential diagnostic and prognostic uses in veterinary medicine. However, serum IGF-1 concentrations are affected by many factors, such as breed, age and sex. The present study analyzes the influence of these factors on serum IGF-1 concentrations in a population of 255 Andalusian horses (141 females and 114 males), divided into age groups: 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 and 6-12 months and 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-10 and 10-14 years. The animals belonged to six different farms located in the same geographic location and were subjected to similar feeding and management protocols. Two measurements of body size were made: height at the withers (HW) and diameter of the thorax (DTx). Blood samples were taken always in the morning, in the month of July and serum IGF-1 concentrations were measured with a sandwich ELISA after dissociation of IGF-1 from its binding proteins. It was found that age and sex significantly influenced serum IGF-1 concentrations, whereas the effects of the farm and the time of blood withdrawal were not significant. Mean serum concentrations for both males and females respectively were: 246.3 and 231.0 (1-2 months), 201.9 and 194.7 (2-3 months), 174.2 and 170.4 (3-4 months), 161.7 and 155.4 (4-5 months), 166.1 and 136.9 (5-6 months), 127.2-114.5 (6-12 months), 103.3 and 89.01 (1-2 years), 104.3 and 73.41 (2-4 years), 105.4 and 64.40 (4-6 years), 53.29 and 68.27 (6-10 years) and 59.56 and 65.53 ng/ml (10-14 years). A progressive decrease in serum IGF-1 concentrations with increased age was found for both sexes. Males aged between five and 12 months and between two and six years had significantly higher serum IGF-1 concentrations than females of the same age. Coefficients of correlation between the indicators of body size (HW and DTx) and IGF-1 were -0.800 and -0.690 for the whole population of Andalusian horses, -0.860 and -0.750 for the males and -0.740 and -630 for the females. It is concluded that serum IGF-1 concentrations in Andalusian horses are reduced with ageing, male horses of determined age groups had higher IGF-1 than the females and there are negative correlations between body size and IGF-1 concentrations. The knowledge of the normal serum IGF-1 concentrations will help us to understand the role of the somatotrophic axis in several diseases and physiological situations and will provide information for further research on this equine breed. Keywords: age, growth hormone, horse, insulin-like growth factor, sex Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 231-242 Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1562-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1562-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201105-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:5:id:1562-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Dostal Author-Workplace-Name: Institution of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Hrdlicova Author-Workplace-Name: Institution of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Horak Author-Workplace-Name: Institution of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic Title: Progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD) in selected dog breeds and variability in its phenotypic expression Abstract: Progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD) is a late onset autosomal photoreceptor degeneration found in canines. PRCD in canines is homologous to one form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) found in humans and displays phenotypic similarity as well as having the identical causative mutation. The PRCD gene was mapped to the centromeric region of canine chromosome 9 (CFA9). We report here a population study of 699 dogs of the following breeds and the following frequencies of the disease-causing mutation: American Cocker Spaniel (0.09), English Cocker Spaniel (0.34), English Springer Spaniel (0.00), Welsh Springer Spaniel (0.00), Flat Coated Retriever (0.00), Golden Retriever (0.00), Chesapeake Bay Retriever (0.14), Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (0.44), Labrador Retriever (0.07), Poodle Toy (0.45), Poodle Miniature (0.20), Poodle Medium (0.05), Poodle Standard (0.00), Portuguese Water Dog (0.33), Chinese Crested Dog (0.02), Shipperke (0.06), and Australian Cattle Dog (0.00). The disease results in complete blindness in the affected individual in almost every case. The time of onset and disease progression varies between dog breeds as well as between individuals. A modifier gene is likely to segregate in genomic proximity to the PRCD gene and may influence phenotypic expression. Keywords: canine, retinitis pigmentosa, autosomal, recessive, causative mutation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 243-247 Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1564-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1564-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201105-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:5:id:1564-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Bukowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Kempisty Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J. Sikora Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Jackowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Wozna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Antosik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: H. Piotrowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J. Budna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J.M. Jaskowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: The effect of swim-up purification and incubation of cells on sperm viability in dogs of different ages Abstract: The influence of selected semen extenders on the motility of frozen-thawed dog spermatozoa has been clearly demonstrated in several studies, although there are no reports indicating the effect of swim-up purification on sperm viability in this species of mammals. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and necrosis in sperm after variable lengths of time of in vitro incubation after swim-up purification. Dog semen samples were collected from (i) ten dogs aged six months to 1.5 year, (ii) ten dogs aged six to eight years, and (iii) ten dogs aged 11 to 13 years. A flow cytometric method was employed to evaluate dog sperm viability in animals of different age groups after employment of a swim-up (SU) purification technique. After SU spermatozoa were incubated for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min in Sperm-TALP medium. We observed an increase in the number of viable sperm (double negatives) after 15 min of incubation compared to sperm undergoing PS externalization and late necrotic sperms (P < 0.001) in each group of dogs. We also found a higher number of early necrotic sperm after 60 min of in vitro incubation (P < 0.001). The amounts of late necrotic sperm and cells with PS externalization were similar among animals of different age groups. We show for the first time that most viable sperm are recovered after an in vitro incubation step of 15 min (control samples in this study) because as the time of incubation increases so does the number of degenerated or damaged cells. The higher number of early necrotic cells after 60 min of in vitro incubation may be a special feature of this species and may result from the induction of necrosis in the sperm. This knowledge may be used in future experiments for the preparation of spermatozoa following in vitro fertilization in dogs. Keywords: dogs, sperm, sperm viability, necrosis, flow cytometry Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 248-254 Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1560-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1560-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201105-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:5:id:1560-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Mohamed Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: F. Al-Sobayil Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia Author-Name: T. Kurwasawa Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan Author-Name: T. Nakade Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midori, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan Author-Name: M. Floeck Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Title: Computed tomographic findings in a calf with actinomycosis: a case report Abstract: In this report a case of actinomycosis in a five-month-old Holstein calf is described. The patient displayed a hard and immobile swelling in the mandible and fever. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the skull was performed under deep sedation and revealed an asymmetrical appearance of the mandible with the presence of intra-mandibular hypodense lesions. Haematologic and serum biochemical profiles revealed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Treatment consisted of flushing the lesion and administration of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The calf responded to therapy and had recovered almost completely four months later. The present case indicates that CT is an effective non-invasive means of identifying mandibular lesions in cattle. Keywords: cattle, radiography, diagnosis, lumpy jaw, treatment Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 255-259 Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1559-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1559-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201105-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:5:id:1559-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Skoric Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Fictum Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Slana Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kriz Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: A case of systemic mycosis in a Hovawart dog due to Candida albicans Abstract: Candida albicans is reported as the etiological agent of multi-systemic infections in dogs. A two-year-old female Hovawart dog was presented with marked alteration in its health condition characterised by weakness, fever, anorexia, abdominal pain, cachexy and generalized lymphadenopathy. A radiograph of the abdominal cavity showed several non-specific nodular lesions in the mesentery, ranging in size up to 10 cm in diameter. At necropsy, extensive enlargement of lymph nodes and the presence of numerous whitish to grey nodules of different sizes in several organs were evident. Histopathological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation characterized by large areas of necrosis surrounded by neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and a variable admixture of lymphocytes and fungi-like organismsin in all affected organs. Numerous branching hyphae, subsequently identified by mycological cultivation as Candida albicans, were observed. A periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction to prove the presence of fungi in tissues was positive. Examination of tissue samples of affected organs using polymerase chain reaction (quantitative Real-Time PCR) and cultivation was negative for the presence of all members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Keywords: candidiasis, pyogranuloma, fungal disease, systemic infection, dog, PCR Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 260-264 Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1561-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1561-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201105-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:5:id:1561-VETMED