Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Trhlin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Rajchard Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Title: Chemical communication in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.): a review Abstract: An important area of physiology of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) is chemical communication between individuals and castes in the swarm, which maintains its integrity and function. The highly complex social organization of honeybees is mediated through pheromones. Releaser pheromones cause rapid changes in the behaviour of the recipient, while primer pheromones have relatively slow and long-term effects on the physiology and behaviour of the recipient. Queen retinue pheromone (QRP) is a blend of the nine compounds (9-oxo-(E)-2-decenoic acid, (R)- and (S)-9-hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxy-3-methyoxyphenylethanol, methyl oleate, coniferyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, and linolenic acid) and acts as a releaser pheromone by attracting worker bees to the queen. QRP also acts as a primer pheromone by physiologically inhibiting the ovary development of worker bees. An essential component of QRP, 9-oxo-(E)-2-decenoic acid, acts as a long-distance sex pheromone. Defensive behaviour of honeybees is induced and modulated by alarm pheromones. The essential alarm pheromone component is isopentyl acetate (IPA). The unsaturated derivative of IPA, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl acetate, was found in colonies of Africanized honeybees. The Nasanov gland of worker bees produces a pheromone (a blend of nerol, geraniol, (E)- and (Z)-citral, nerolic acid, geranic acid and (E,E)-farnesol) that acts as an attracting signal. This pheromone is used for aggregation (during swarming). Adult worker bees also produce a substance, ethyl oleate, that has a priming effect. Ethyl oleate is produced by adult forager bees and acts as a chemical inhibitory factor to delay age at onset of foraging (the presence of older worker bees causes a delayed onset of foraging in younger individuals). Chemical cues on the surface of larvae called a brood pheromone (ethyl and methyl esters of palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, stearic, and oleic acids, E-β-ocimene) are important in the communication between brood and worker bees. This pheromone modulates the feeding behaviour of worker bees, inhibits the activation of the worker ovary, induces worker bees to cap brood cells, increases the activity of the hypopharyngeal glands of nurse bees and modulates the behavioural maturation of worker bees. Keywords: pheromone, worker bee, drone, queen, brood, interaction Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 265-273 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1543-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1543-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201106-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:6:id:1543-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.K. Hsieh Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Author-Name: C.L. Shyu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Author-Name: J.W. Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Author-Name: C.A. Franje Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Author-Name: Y. J. Huang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Author-Name: S.K. Chang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Author-Name: P.Y. Shih Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Author-Name: C.C. Chou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Title: Correlation analysis of heat stability of veterinary antibiotics by structural degradation, changes in antimicrobial activity and genotoxicity Abstract: The relationship between the structural degradation of veterinary antibiotics, their antimicrobial activity, and possible mutagenicity after heating have not been well investigated sequentially. This study aimed to evaluate the heat stability of 14 veterinary antibiotics under a short-term heating scenario by characterization of their structural degradation and their relationship to resultant changes in antimicrobial activity. Mutagenicity was also examined in four representative antibiotics after 15-min-heat treatments at two temperatures (100 °C and 121 °C). Differential heat stabilities of antibiotics between drug classes, between temperature levels, and among the same class of drugs were discovered. Heat treatment resulted in the reduction of the main peak and the production of new peaks in certain antibiotics, contributing to minimum inhibitory concentration increases of 2- to 1024-fold. Ranking of heat stability by antibiotic classes at 121 °C was highest for sulfonamides, followed by lincomycin, colistin, tetracyclines and β-lactams while at 100 °C sulfonamides equaled lincomycin and and was greater than colistin but variability was observed within different tetracyclines and β-lactams. Correlation analysis suggested that except for doxycycline (DC), structural degradation of the drugs was in good agreement with the reduction in antimicrobial activity, suggesting that degradation also diminished antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the markedly variable heat stabilities within the classes of tetracyclines and β-lactam antibiotics highlighted the fact that heat stability within these two classes can be very different despite their structural similarity; hence, it is not appropriate to predict heat stability simply by antibiotic class. Mutagenicity (Ames) tests on heated chlor-tetracycline (CTC) resulted in 2- to 6-fold revertant changes in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The combined results suggest that correlation analysis of structural degradation and antimicrobial activity offers dual evaluation of a drug's heat stability but gives little advantage over assessment of the resultant toxicity. Keywords: capillary electrophoresis, minimum inhibitory concentration, mutagenicity, Ames test, thermodegradation Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 274-285 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1548-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1548-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201106-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:6:id:1548-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F.M. Gur Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Border Inspection Post, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: S. Timurkaan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: N. Timurkaan Author-Workplace-Name: Sivrice Vocational School, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Title: The effects of prepubertal epididymal ligation upon androgen receptor distribution in the rat caput epididymis Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the androgen receptor (AR) distribution in epididymal cells of developing rats and the effects of prepubertal epididymal obstruction upon AR distribution in the rat caput epididymis. At 15 days of age, the young rats were divided at random into groups for epididymal ligation or sham operation. In the ligation group the corpus epididymides were ligated bilaterally; in the sham group only laparatomy was performed. Both groups were sacrificed at 21, 56, 90, 120 days. The epididymes were removed, fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin wax. The tissues were sectioned at 5 μm and stained using the microwave stimulated antigen retrieval technique for immunohistochemistry. The features of the immunohistochemical staining of caput epididymal cells for the AR were similar across both groups. The operation did not affect AR distribution in caput epididymis. Positive immunohistochemical staining for the AR appeared in nuclei but not in the cytoplasm of caput epididymal cells at all ages beginning from 21 to 120 days old. The staining intensity of AR-positive cells did not change depending on age. In the caput epididymis, immunostainable AR were found in tubular epithelial cells (principal cells, basal cells and apical cells) and interstitial stromal cells (peritubular smooth muscle cells). There were no significant histological alterations in epididymal epithelium. Keywords: androgen receptor, immunohistochemistry, epididymal ligation, epididymis, rat Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 286-293 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1545-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1545-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201106-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:6:id:1545-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Blahutkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Fictum Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skoric Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Bezdekova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Jahn Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kriz Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Mrlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Slana Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kaevska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection in two sibling Fjord horses diagnosed using quantitative real time PCR: a case report Abstract: This report describes new possibilities for intravital and post mortem diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis in horses using the quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) method. Using this method, Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis was diagnosed in two sibling Fjord horses. In the first horse, M. a. hominissuis was detected by qPCR in numbers of 2.89 × 105 and 1.47 × 104 cells per 1 g of intestinal content and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively; in the second horse, faeces and mesenteric lymph node samples showed numbers of 6.31 × 105 and 3.36 × 106 cells per 1 g of tissue, respectively. Another aim of this study was to comprehensively describe clinical and pathological findings in both animals. Keywords: Mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacteriosis, qPCR, IS1245, zoonosis Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 294-301 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1544-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1544-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201106-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:6:id:1544-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: H. Furuoka Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: N. Sasaki Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: M. Ishii Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: H. Inokuma Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: K. Yamada Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Title: Congenital porencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia in a Holstein calf: a case report Abstract: We describe the case of a nine-day-old female Holstein calf which had cheiloschisis, a moderate dome-shaped head, ataxia and opisthotonus since birth. No significant findings except the dome-shaped head were observed on survey radiography of the skull. Computed tomography (CT) images showed bilateral lateral ventriculomegaly, cerebellar hypoplasia and a cyst-like lesion communicating with the right lateral ventricle. Post-mortem examination revealed a cerebral defect in the frontoparietal lobe, which communicated with the right lateral ventricle, and cerebellar hypoplasia. CT provided a characteristic finding of porencephaly and was helpful for diagnosing the accompanying anomalies. We suggest that porencephaly should be included as a specific anomaly in the differential diagnosis of congenital brain malformation. Keywords: accompanying anomalies, congenital malformation, computed tomography, diagnosis, calf Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 302-306 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1546-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1546-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201106-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:6:id:1546-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kriz Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kralik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Slany Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Slana Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Institute of Public Health, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Parmova Author-Workplace-Name: State Veterinary Diagnostic Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Barnet Author-Workplace-Name: Private veterinary practitioner, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Jurek Author-Workplace-Name: Private veterinary practitioner, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Mycobacterium pinnipedii in a captive Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens): a case report Abstract: Mycobacterium pinnipedii causes tuberculosis in free-living and captive pinniped species throughout the world. We report on the isolation of this M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) member from an imported male Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens) in a zoo in the Czech Republic. Nodular granulomatous lesions were found in the lungs, pleura and mesenteric lymph nodes of this animal and M. pinnipedii was isolated from lung, mesenteric and submandibular lymph nodes. Identification of the isolates was confirmed using two independent molecular methods. Direct IS6110 PCR amplification confirmed the presence of an MTC member in these samples. Faecal and oral swabs from three living female sea lions were examined using direct IS6110 PCR and were all found to be negative. Twelve environmental samples were examined using direct microscopy after Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture methods along with direct IS6110 PCR examination, all yielding negative results. Seven people that came into close contact with the infected animal were examined using a skin tuberculin test and chest x-ray, revealing no evidence of infection by a MTC member. Keywords: tuberculosis, pinnipeds, epidemiology, zoonosis, water ecology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 307-313 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1549-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1549-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201106-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:6:id:1549-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Moravkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Slany Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Trcka Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Havelkova Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Institute of Public Health, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skoric Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Heinigeova Author-Workplace-Name: Hospital Jindrichuv Hradec, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Human-to-human and human-to-dog Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission studied by IS6110 RFLP analysis: a case report Abstract: This study reports on the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the same IS6110 RFLP type between two acquaintances with open pulmonary tuberculosis and a five-year-old Doberman bitch. No clinical signs, gross lesions at necropsy or histopathological lesions were observed in the infected lungs and gastrointestinal tract of the dog, although M. tuberculosis was directly detected by IS6110 PCR and culture examinations in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. IS6110 PCR positivity in the faeces and blood of the dog poses a risk of M. tuberculosis transmission between the dog and humans. Keywords: zoonosis, human tuberculosis, pet animal Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 314-317 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1547-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1547-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201106-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:6:id:1547-VETMED