Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Bilkova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: H. Kinova Sepova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Bukovsky Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Bezakova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Antibacterial potential of lactobacilli isolated from a lamb Abstract: The antimicrobial properties of three potential probiotic strains of lactobacilli isolated from a lamb (Lactobacillus murinus C, Lactobacillus mucosae D and Lactobacillus reuteri E) were studied using the streak line method and the agar well diffusion assay. The probiotic lactobacilli strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730, Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55845 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 were used for comparison. Using the streak line method the inhibitory activity of lactobacilli products towards ten Gram-positive and Gram-negative potential pathogenic bacteria under different cultivation conditions (anaeorobic or microaerobic preincubation of lactobacilli for 24 h or 48 h) was tested. The strongest inhibitory activity was demonstrated by the Lactobacillus reuteri E strain. The most sensitive strains to the antimicrobial activity of lactobacilli were Yersinia enterocolitica clinical isolate (19.9 ± 6.8 mm) and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 51774 (17.7 ± 6.0 mm) after microaerobic and anaerobic preincubation, respectively. Generally, microaerobic conditions and longer preincubation of lactobacilli resulted in stronger inhibition of target bacteria. The inhibitory activity of lactobacilli towards selected lactobacilli strains was also tested. Only low inhibition of growth was observed. In the agar well diffusion assay the inhibitory effect of natural and modified lactobacilli culture cell-free supernatants, obtained from MRS broth cultures, on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 growth was determined. Supernatants were modified by heat (10 min/60 °C; 60 min/100 °C) and protease treatment and neutralization of pH. Neutralization elicited the most significant impact on the activity of supernatants and resulted in total loss of activity. After all other modifications supernatants retained some residual activity. The highest inhibitory activity was observed for the cell-free supernatant produced by Lactobacillus mucosae D. Keywords: Lactobacillus spp., antibacterial activity, probiotics, cell-free supernatants Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 319-324 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1583-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1583-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201107-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:7:id:1583-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kolesarova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Spisakova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Matulova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Crhanova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Sisak Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Rychlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Characterisation of basal expression of selected cytokines in the liver, spleen, and respiratory, reproductive and intestinal tract of hens Abstract: In this study we investigated the basal expression of chicken IFNγ, IL-18, IL-1β, LITAF, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, iNOS, IL-17, IL-15, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-22 in the ileum, caecum, colon, liver, spleen, lungs, blood and magnum of hens using real time PCR. We show that IL-18, LITAF and IL-15 were highly expressed in most tissues while IL-6 and IL-17 were usually expressed at a low level. IL-17 and IL-22 were expressed mainly in the lungs and intestinal tract and both subunits of IL-12 were produced in the liver. Unusually high expression of iNOS was observed in the blood which may explain the rapid increase in iNOS at inflamed sites in chickens. The second unexpected expression profile was that of IL-18 and IL-6 in magnum. These two cytokines were highly expressed in magnum in the absence of any infection pointing to an important, though as yet uncharacterised, physiological role in the reproductive tract of hens. Keywords: cytokine, poultry, organ, tissue Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 325-332 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1586-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1586-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201107-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:7:id:1586-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Moravkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lamka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kriz Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) living in captivity and in other birds, vertebrates, non-vertebrates and the environment Abstract: Although avian mycobacteriosis is not prevalent among domestic fowl used for intensive husbandry, it has been described in both free living birds and birds in captivity, e.g., zoological gardens and small fowl flocks. In this study, we examined 305 pheasants from six flocks as well as 70 other birds belonging to 14 species and 97 other vertebrates caught in a closed area. We also investigated the prevalence of mycobacteria in non-vertebrates (earthworms) and soil in two pheasant flocks. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (M. a. avium) was isolated in four flocks from 17 (5.6%) pheasants. In one M. a. avium-infected pheasant co-infection with M. a. hominissuis was diagnosed. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions were observed in liver and spleen in only four M. a. avium-infected pheasants originating from two flocks. From the other 38 pheasants other mycobacterial species were isolated, such as M. fortuitum, M. terrae, M. triviale, M. chelonae, M. scrofulaceum, M. smegmatis, M. flavescens, M. diernhoferi and non-identifiable mycobacterial species. In the group of 70 birds of other species, we identified M. a. avium in two (2.9%) goshawks (Accipiter gentilis). We did not isolate M. a. avium from any of the other 97 vertebrates, the 391 environment samples or 97 earthworms. Keywords: tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, zoonosis, food safety Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 333-343 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1588-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1588-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201107-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:7:id:1588-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Tlak Gajger Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Kozaric Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: D. Berta Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Nejedli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Petrinec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Title: Effect of the herbal preparation Nozevit on the mid-gut structure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) infected with Nosema sp. spores Abstract: The histopathological structure as well as content and distribution of mucosubstances in the mid-gut mucosa of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) treated with the phyto-pharmacological preparation Nozevit was studied. For the purpose of describing neutral, acid and sulphate mucopolysaccharides we used the Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction (PAS), Alcian blue-specific (pH = 1.0 and 2.5) and Toluidine blue-specific staining. Based on our results we have concluded that the herbal preparation Nozevit induces the production and secretion of mucous from the epithelial layer of treated bees, and additionally coats the peritrophic membrane to form a firm and resilient envelope. Thus, the preparation may ensure protection from new invasion with Nosema sp. spores and also from normal physiological processes. Keywords: nosema disease, Nozevit, mid-gut mucosa, mucosubstances Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 344-351 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1587-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1587-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201107-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:7:id:1587-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Trivedi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Cupakova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Karpiskova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Department of Food Safety and Nutrition Laboratories, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from food-stuffs Abstract: A collection of 250 enterococci isolated from various food-stuffs were used to investigate seven virulence determinants and the microbial susceptibility of eight antibiotics. Species-specific PCR revealed the presence of E. faecalis (127 isolates), E. faecium (77 isolates), E. casseliflavus (21 isolates), E. mundtii (19 isolates) and E. durans (six isolates). Multiplex PCR for virulence factors showed that from a total 250 isolates, 221 (88.4%) carried one or more virulence-encoding genes. β-Haemolytic activity was also evident in enterococcal species other than E. faecalis and E. faecium. Species other than E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from food are also seen to harbour the potential for virulence. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method showed that of the total 250 isolates, 114 (46%) were resistant to cephalothin and 94 (38%) to ofloxacin. Lower antibiotic resistance was seen with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and teicoplanin. None of the isolates was found to be resistant to vancomycin. The results of this study show that food can play an important role in the spread of enterococci with virulence potential through the food chain to the human population. Keywords: Enterococcus species, food, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 352-357 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1584-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1584-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201107-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:7:id:1584-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Tofant Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Ostovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: S. Wolf Author-Workplace-Name: Rovisce Pig-Breeding Farm, Ltd., Rovisce, Croatia Author-Name: A. Ekert Kabalin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: Z. Pavicic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: M. Mikulic Author-Workplace-Name: Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia Title: Association between over-chlorinated drinking water and suckling, nursery and fattening pig death losses Abstract: Following our report on reproductive failure in gilts and sows caused by drinking over-chlorinated water at a pig-breeding farm, the present study investigated the impact of water over-chlorination on the different pig production categories on the farm. Pigs were given over-chlorinated water with a free chlorine residual concentration of 2.11 mg/l for seven days, from the onset of mechanical failure of the chlorinator dispenser connected to the water supplying system until its detection. Data analysis revealed that the adverse effect of over-chlorinated drinking water manifested as an increase in the percentage of death losses in suckling, nursery and fattening pigs (all P < 0.01). Keywords: death loss, pig, watering, free chlorine residual Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 358-361 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1585-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1585-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201107-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:7:id:1585-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pietra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Author-Name: N. Romagnoli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Author-Name: S. Valentini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Author-Name: G. Spinella Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy Author-Name: A. Spadari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy Title: Endoscopic assisted electro-cauterization to treat an acquired pharyngeal ostium stenosis in a horse: a case report Abstract: An 8-year-old Italian saddle-horse gelding with a history of left guttural pouch empyema was referred to the clinic. Endoscopic examination showed a stenosis of the left pharingeal ostium that was treated with an endoscopic assisted electro-cauterization. Endoscopic follow-ups were performed before discharge and at six months after stenosis removal. No recurrence was observed, confirming the patency of the pharyngeal orifice. Keywords: guttural pouches, pharingeal ostium, empyema, ostium stenosis, horse Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 362-366 Volume: 56 Issue: 7 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/1589-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1589-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201107-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:7:id:1589-VETMED