Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Belmar-Liberato Author-Workplace-Name: TRAGSATEC - Veterinary Unit, Spanish Agency of Medicine and Medical Devices, Madrid, Spain Author-Name: A. Gonzalez-Canga Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Unit, Spanish Agency of Medicine and Medical Devices, Madrid, Spain Author-Name: P. Tamame-Martin Author-Workplace-Name: GYPISA-Talavera Slaughterhouse, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain Author-Name: M. Escribano-Salazar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain Title: Amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in veterinary medicine - the situation in Europe: a review Abstract: In the recent past years, important efforts towards the prudent use of antimicrobials have been made in order to optimize antibacterial use, and maximize therapeutic effect while minimizing the development of resistance. Knowledge on the occurrence of resistance in bacteria could help in improving the clinical success of therapeutic decisions. Since the discovery of amoxicillin, this drug has been extensively used throughout the world in veterinary medicine, alone and also in combination with clavulanic acid. This paper provides information regarding the current situation of resistance to amoxicillin (and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) in animals in Europe. Most data comes from food-animal species, mainly from several national monitoring programmes of antimicrobial resistance, and information on companion animals is also available. Keywords: amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, resistance, animal species, monitoring programmes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 473-485 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3293-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3293-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201110-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3293-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Uribe Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Author-Name: H. Folch Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Author-Name: R. Enriquez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Author-Name: G. Moran Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile Title: Innate and adaptive immunity in teleost fish: a review Abstract: The immune system of fish is very similar to vertebrates, although there are some important differences. Fish are free-living organisms from the embryonic stage of life in their aquatic environment. They have mechanisms to protect themselves from a wide variety of microorganisms. Consequently, fish rely on their innate immune system for an extended period of time, beginning at the early stages of embryogenesis. The components of the innate immune response are divided into physical, cellular and humoral factors and include humoral and cellular receptor molecules that are soluble in plasma and other body fluids. The lymphoid organs found in fish include the thymus, spleen and kidney. Immunoglobulins are the principal components of the immune response against pathogenic organisms. Immunomodulatory products, including nucleotides, glucans and probiotics, are increasingly used in aquaculture production. The use of these products reduces the need for therapeutic treatments, enhances the effects of vaccines and, in turn, improves the indicators of production. The aim of this review is to provide a review of the immune system in fish, including the ontogeny, mechanisms of unspecific and acquired immunity and the action of some immunomodulators. Keywords: fish, immune response, immunomodulators Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 486-503 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3294-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3294-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201110-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3294-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Mohamed Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Author-Name: D. Endoh Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan Author-Name: S. Oikawa Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan Title: DNA damage of blood lymphocytes and neutrophils in cattle with lymphosarcoma Abstract: The objective of the present study was to analyze the apoptotic process in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in cows clinically affected with lymphosarcoma. Thirteen cows were studied. Of them, eight, that were referred because of inappetance, loss of body condition, diarrhoea, constipation, protrusion of third eyelid, and exophthalmia, were seropositive for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) based on a serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other animals were apparently healthy and were used as controls. DNA damage of PBMC and PMN was assessed using the Comet assay. The results obtained showed a statistically significant difference in DNA damage between the PBMC and PMN isolated from cows infected with BLV compared to PBMC and PMN isolated from healthy cows. This is the first article to document decreased apoptosis of blood PBMC and PMN in cattle in response to BLV infection using the Comet assay. Keywords: apoptosis, cattle, lymphocytes, lymphosarcoma, neutrophils Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 504-509 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3295-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3295-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201110-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3295-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Dec Author-Workplace-Name: University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Wernicki Author-Workplace-Name: University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland Author-Name: A. Puchalski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland Author-Name: R. Urban-Chmiel Author-Workplace-Name: University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland Title: Conglutinin is not specific to cattle Abstract: Conglutinin is a high-molecular-weight mammalian lectin which binds in a calcium-dependent manner to cell-surface-bound complement fragment iC3b, yeast cell-wall extract and terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, mannose and fucose residues. This protein, originally detected in bovine serum, belongs to the family of collectins, which are effector molecules in innate immunity. Conglutinin appears to play an important role in defence mechanisms, showing antiviral and antibacterial activity. We have characterized the electrophoresis profile of bovine serum conglutinin and used Western blotting to compare profiles of this lectin derived from the sera of different breeds of cattle. The profile of non-reduced conglutinin is characterised by many bands with molecular masses ranging from 34 to 630 kDa. Reduced lectin takes the form of three main bands with molecular masses of 41, 47 and 96 kDa. We show that conglutinin is present not only in adult bovine serum, but also in foetal bovine serum, colostrum and milk. The sera of sheep, goats, gnu antelopes and deer, as well as some non-ruminant species such as llamas, horses, boars, pigs and humans, contain proteins which have similar antigenicity to that of bovine conglutinin. These reacted with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific for bovine conglutinin under reducing and non-reducing conditions in Western blotting. The protein profiles of bison and swine lectin were observed to be particularly similar to bovine conglutinin. Keywords: animal collectins, lectins, conglutinin-like proteins, innate immunity Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 510-519 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3296-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3296-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201110-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3296-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.M. Djurdjevic-Milosevic Author-Workplace-Name: Higher Technological School of Professional Studies, Sabac, Serbia Author-Name: M.M. Solaja Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: Lj.N. Topalic-Trivunovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: M.J. Stijepic Author-Workplace-Name: Higher Medical School, Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: J.R. Glusac Author-Workplace-Name: Higher Medical School, Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina Title: The survival of Escherichia coli upon exposure to irradiation with non-coherent polychromatic polarized light Abstract: The purpose of this work was to examine the influence of non-coherent polarized light upon the growth of Escherichia coli. Experiments were designed to test the main hypothesis that this kind of polychromatic light can produce decimal reductions in numbers of E. coli bacteria. Two strains of E. coli - isolated from ground pork and commercial culture E. coli ATCC 25922, were both exposed to light for 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes. The source of non-coherent polarized light was a Bioptron-1 lamp (Zepter, Swiss) with the following technical characteristics: wavelength 400-2000 nm, polarization > 95%, and constant radiation dose 2.4 J/cm2 per minute. The result for both strains showed a slight increase in bacterial count in response to an irradiation time of 20 min and decreases in bacterial counts for irradiation times of 30, 40 and 60 min without characteristics of a decimal reduction. Bacterial counts after treatments displayed a linear relationship with the total count of bacteria before treatments as well as the percentage surviving bacteria and irradiation time. Data analysis (ANOVA two factors with replication) showed that the survival of bacteria was influenced significantly by duration time (P < 0.01), bacterial culture (p<0.05), and interaction between duration time and bacterial culture (P < 0.01). Neither E. coli ATCC 25922 nor E. coli isolated from ground pork showed a decimal reduction after irradiation with non-coherent polychromatic polarized light. Keywords: bacteria, growth, light, plate count Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 520-527 Volume: 56 Issue: 10 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3297-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3297-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201110-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:10:id:3297-VETMED