Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Rymaszewska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Title: PCR for detection of tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum pathogens: a review Abstract: Tick-borne infections such as granulocytic anaplasmosis number among emerging infectious diseases. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite infecting the granulocytes of vertebrates. This bacterium is the aetiologic agent of HGA (human granulocytic anaplasmosis). Molecular methods allow quick and accurate detection of pathogens in ticks, humans, or animals. Monitoring of the environment for A. phagocytophilum involves both classical and nested PCR, since these simple methods are most efficient. As markers, parts of the 16S rRNA, ankA, groESL, msp2, or msp4 genes are used for analyses. Molecular methods have enabled analysis of the genomes of pathogens, differentiation between strains and thus, in association with ecological studies, they facilitate an understanding of their biology, pathogenicity and mode of diffusion in the natural environment. Keywords: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 16S rRNA, ankA, groESL, msp2, msp4 Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 529-536 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4271-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4271-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4271-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Sevcikova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Modra Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Slaninova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Svobodova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review Abstract: This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of metals to the development of oxidative stress in fish. Metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, promoting formation of reactive oxygen species through two mechanisms. Redox active metals generate reactive oxygen species through redox cycling, while metals without redox potential impair antioxidant defences, especially that of thiol-containing antioxidants and enzymes. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and enzyme inactivation. Antioxidant defences include the enzyme system and low molecular weight antioxidants. Metal-binding proteins, such as ferritin, ceruloplasmin and metallothioneins, have special functions in the detoxification of toxic metals and also play a role in the metabolism and homeostasis of essential metals. Recent studies of metallothioneins as biomarkers indicate that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of metallothionein genes can be appropriate in cases with elevated levels of metals and no evidence of oxidative damage in fish tissue. Components of the antioxidant defence are used as biochemical markers of oxidative stress. These markers may be manifested differently in the field than in results found in laboratory studies. A complex approach should be taken in field studies of metal contamination of the aquatic environment. Keywords: ROS, metallothioneins, glutathion, superoxide dismutase, antioxidant defence Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 537-546 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4272-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4272-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4272-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Malenovska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Reichelova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Elimination of mycoplasma contamination of virus stocks Abstract: We studied the effectivity of a commercial antibiotic kit Mycokill AB for the elimination of mycoplasma contamination in virus strains. The contaminated virus strains were first filtered, treated with Mycokill AB for three hours and repeatedly passaged in its presence in the cultivation medium in pure cell lines. Three passages in the presence of Mycokill AB were invariably followed by three passages without Mycokill AB. The effectivity of purification was then checked by PCR. Twenty-four out of 28 tested virus strains became free of mycoplasma after a first or second cycle of the treatment with Mycokill AB. The other four strains remained positive even after repeated passages. In these cases of a likely resistance to Mycokill AB, we managed to eliminate the mycoplasma contamination through a subsequent treatment with the antibiotic combination BM-Cyclin. Mycokill AB was shown in the elimination of mycoplasma from virus suspensions as successful as other known most effective antibiotics. Keywords: Mycokill AB, BM-Cyclin, sparfloxacin, virus stock contamination Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 547-550 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4273-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4273-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4273-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Czujkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: M.B. Arciszewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland Title: Expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the enteric nervous system of the jejunum of sheep Abstract: Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a 41-amino acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the mammalian central nervous system, has been shown to influence several gastrointestinal functions. Recent studies show that CRF released locally from enteric nerves may also underlie alterations in gut function. In this study, immunohistochemisty was applied to demonstrate the presence of CRF in the jejunum of sheep. Using double immunohistochemical staining the co-localization of CRF with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) was evaluated. The presence of CRF was detected in myenteric neurons (3.6 ± 0.9%) as well as in submucous neurons (10.5 ± 1.2%). In the ovine jejunum different numbers of CRF-expressing nerve fibres were detected in myenteric ganglia, submucous ganglia, circular smooth muscle layer, lamina muscularis mucosae and between mucosal glands. None of the CRF-positive enteric neurons and CRF-positive nerve fibres exhibited the presence of TH. CRF-immunoreactive (IR) myenteric neurons widely co-expressed VIP and/or NPY. A minor population of CRF-IR myenteric neurons additionally co-stored SP. Galanin was not present in CRF-IR myenteric neurons. The presence of VIP was observed in the vast majority of CRF-positive submucous neurons. Moderate numbers of CRF-IR sumbucous neurons co-expressing galanin or NPY were also found. The presence of SP in CRF-positive submucous neurons was noted only incidentally. In the circular smooth muscle layer CRF-IR/VIP-IR, CRF-IR/NPY-IR as well as CRF-IR/SP-IR nerve fibres were present. In the mucosal layer of the ovine jejunum CRF-IR nerve fibres co-stored additionally VIP, galanin, NPY or SP. This present study provides for the first time evidence that CRF present in different subclasses of enteric neurons may influence certain activities of the ovine jejunum. Co-localization studies indicate that VIP, galanin, SP and NPY functionally co-operate with CRF in the jejunum of the sheep. Keywords: enteric nervous system, myenteric neurons, submucous neurons, corticotropin releasing factor, jejunum, small intestine, sheep Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 551-560 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4274-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4274-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4274-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Rezaei Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Author-Name: M. Tavassoli Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Author-Name: A. Mahmoudian Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Title: Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infection among dogs (definitive host) and domestic ruminants (intermediate host) in the North West of Iran Abstract: Linguatula serrata is a zoonotic parasite causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in humans. Dog and other canines are the main definitive hosts while most herbivores, including ruminants serve as intermediate hosts for linguatulosis. Human rarely become infected as both final and intermediate hosts. This survey aimed to assess the L. serrata infection rate of dogs and domestic ruminants in North West of Iran. The upper respiratory tract of 97 dogs including 45 females and 52 males and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of 396 goats (203 females and 193 males), 406 buffaloes (166 females and 240 males), 421 cattle (209 females and 212 males) and 438 sheep (223 females and 215 males) were examined for L. serrata. Animals were categorized into four age groups, including under six months, six to 24 months, two to four years and more than four years. Results showed that 27.83% of dogs were infected with L .serrata. The infection rate for goats, buffaloes, cattle and sheep was 50.75%, 26.6%, 36.62% and 42.69%, respectively. The prevalence rate in all animals was significantly associated with age and sex (P ≤ 0.05). In ruminants, the highest infection rate was found in goats (P ≤ 0.05). The results from this study indicate a high rate of infection in dogs and domestic ruminants, suggesting a potential high risk of zoonotic infection in man in the investigated area. Keywords: Linguatulla serrate, dog, domestic ruminants, Iran Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 561-567 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4275-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4275-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4275-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.H. Kang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Author-Name: H.M. Park Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Title: Erythema multiforme minor in a dog following inappropriate intranasal Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccination: a case report Abstract: A one-year-old, intact female, Yorkshire terrier dog was presented with a six-month history of multifocal, polycyclic erythematous lesions with epidermal collarette formation at the axillae, the trunk and ventral abdomen. The dog had a history of an inappropriate vaccine administration one day prior to the onset of clinical signs. The histopathology of the lesions revealed apoptosis of keratinocytes in the overlying epidermis, hydropic degeneration and lymphocytic exocytosis. The clinical signs and histopathology of the lesions were compatible with erythema multiforme. The skin lesions resolved after treatment with prednisolone combined with azathioprine for one month. No recurrence of clinical signs occurred during the follow-up period (four months). This is the first case report of erythema multiforme associated with an accidental subcutaneous injection of a Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine. Keywords: Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine, dog, erythema multiforme Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 568-572 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4276-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4276-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4276-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Yilmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Author-Name: H.A. Celik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Author-Name: E. Yazici Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Author-Name: M. Ucar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Title: Twin mummified foetuses in a Holstein Friesian cow: a case report Abstract: Mummification of the bovine foetus is rare in cows. There is currently limited data available on the success of pregnancies following expulsion of mummified foetuses, especially after expulsion of twin mummified foetuses. This report describes a case of the expulsion of twin mummified foetuses from the uterus two days apart and the process of oestrous synchronisation for a new pregnancy of a five-year-old Holstein Friesian cow. The patient was referred with a slimy chocolate-coloured vaginal discharge. Bone fragments directly related to the foetus were visualised using transrectal ultrasonography with no foetal fluid in the uterus. An intramuscular single dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analogue was given to the cow and antibiotic therapy was started. On the second day of treatment a mummified foetus was seen in the vagina, while another mummified foetus was observed by transrectal ultrasonography in the uterus. Therefore, a PGF2α analogue was re-injected and the second foetus was expelled 58 h later. When the cow showed oestrous behaviour, the vaginal discharge was cloudy and intrauterine treatment was applied. A pregnancy was achieved in the next oestrus. It is suggested that after expulsion of the foetus, the uterus should be lavaged and gynaecological examinations should continue until the patient has normal ovarian and uterine activity. Keywords: cow, twin, mummification, oestrous synchronisation, pregnancy Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 573-576 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4277-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4277-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4277-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Adamiak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Pomianowski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Kwiatkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: A. Majchrowski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: H. Matyjasik Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: P. Holak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Laparoscopy-assisted ventriculo-peritoneal shunt implantation in a dog: a case report Abstract: This article describes the procedure of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt implantation in an English bulldog with laparoscopy-assisted placement of the peritoneal catheter in the abdominal cavity. Prior to surgery, the patient was subjected to physical and neurological examinations involving a complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry profiling, EEG and MRI. This case report also describes the patient's pharmacological treatment before the procedure, the applied surgical technique and the benefits of the laparoscopy-assisted approach. Keywords: laparoscopy, hydrocephalus, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, dog Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 577-580 Volume: 56 Issue: 11 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/4278-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4278-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201111-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:56:y:2011:i:11:id:4278-VETMED