Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Awah-Ndukum Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon Author-Workplace-Name: School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom Author-Name: A.C. Kudi Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Author-Name: G. Bradley Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom Author-Name: I. Ane-Anyangwe Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Cameroon Author-Name: V.P.K. Titanji Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Cameroon Author-Name: S. Fon-Tebug Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany Author-Name: J. Tchoumboue Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon Title: Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon based on the detection of lesions in slaughtered cattle and tuberculin skin tests of live cattle Abstract: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an important neglected zoonosis in Cameroon, where many communities depend on their livestock for livelihood and the incidence of human TB and TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection are high and increasing annually. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bovine TB in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon. The magnitude and trend of detecting TB lesions in slaughtered cattle (1994 to 2010) and tuberculin skin tests (TST) in 2853 cattle (84 herds) of 39 livestock rearing communities were analysed. Of 129 165 slaughtered cattle inspected, 599 (0.46%; 95% CI: 0.43%-0.50%) showed suspected TB lesions among a total of 983 (0.76%; 95% CI: 0.71%-0.81%) identified pathologies. The monthly TB detection rates ranged from 0.30% (95% CI: 0.20%-0.40%) to 0.81% (95% CI: 0.64%-0.98%) and annual rates from 0.04% (95% CI: 0%-0.11%) to 1.46% (95% CI: 1.22%-1.69%). The rates were not affected (P < 0.05) by season and fluctuating peaks were also recorded. The comparative TST revealed that bovine TB was widely distributed in live cattle (4.67%; 95% CI: 3.89%-5.44%) and was higher (χ2 = 17.50, P ≤ 0.001) in the Western highlands than Adamawa plateaux. Comparative TST bovine TB reactors were higher (P < 0.05) in cattle managed in semi-intensive and beef production systems compared to the others. Animals in small herds showed higher (χ2 = 4.283, P = 0.038) rates than those in large herds. Bovine TB prevalence in exotic/upgraded cattle was comparable to that of the Red Bororo zebu but higher than the rates in Guadali (χ2 = 4.971, P = 0.026) and White Fulani (χ2 = 5.6, P = 0.018) zebus. Among the indigenous zebus, the rate was higher in Red Bororo than the Guadali (χ2 = 6.244, P = 0.012) and White Fulani (χ2 = 6.568, P = 0.010). Sex did not influence (χ2 = 0.410, P = 0.522) bovine TB prevalence in this study but diagnosis of the disease was higher (χ2 = 5.787; P = 0.016) among adult/older cattle than in younger animals. Further analysis of the TST responses revealed that atypical mycobacterial infections was widespread and 6.83% of tested animals showed positive reactions at both bovine and avian tuberculin injection sites and a strong association (χ2 = 2.512; P = 0.113) between skin responses to both tuberculins. The study confirms that bovine TB is prevalent in live cattle and meat production abattoirs in Cameroon and we recommend strict a interpretation of TST results for maximum diagnosis of the disease in the local environment. A need for comprehensive investigation of the molecular epidemiology, zoonotic risks and the public health importance of bovine TB in Cameroon cannot be overemphasised. Keywords: Mycobacterium bovis, neglected zoonosis, risks, zebus cattle, Cameroon Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 59-76 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5252-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5252-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201202-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:2:id:5252-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Sabol Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Dancakova Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Gal Author-Workplace-Name: East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vasilenko Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Health University, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Kosice-Saca Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Novotny Author-Workplace-Name: Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Smetana Author-Workplace-Name: Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Lenhardt Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic Title: Immunohistological changes in skin wounds during the early periods of healing in a rat model Abstract: The complexity of the wound healing process, which is still poorly understood, prompted us to perform an immunohistochemical investigation using rat skin as an in vivo model. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the experiment. Two round full thickness wounds, 4 mm in diameter, were made on the backs of all rats. Haematoxylin and eosin basic staining as well as antibodies against wide spectrum keratin, keratin 10, keratin 14, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, fibronectin, collagens Type 1 and 3, and the transcription factor Sox-2 were applied to paraffin and frozen sections of skin wound specimens two, six and fourteen days after surgery, respectively. New hair follicles with Sox-2-positive cells were present after fourteen days; keratin/vimentin positivity was restricted to specimens of day two. Collagen-3 expression prevailed over collagen-1 expression at all evaluated time intervals, except in the uninjured part of the dermis. In conclusion, rat skin wound healing is a dynamic process which can serve as a model for studying phenomena such as cell-cell interactions and transitions in vivo. Keywords: tissue repair and regeneration, cell differentiation, transition, proliferation, wound healing Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 77-82 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5253-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5253-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201202-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:2:id:5253-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Vangroenweghe Author-Workplace-Name: Elanco Animal Health, Brussels, Belgium Author-Name: L. Suls Author-Workplace-Name: Elanco Animal Health, Brussels, Belgium Author-Name: E. Van Driessche Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Health Care Flanders, Torhout, Belgium Author-Name: D. Maes Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: E. De Graef Author-Workplace-Name: AntiMicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Animals, Merelbeke, Belgium Title: Health advantages of transition to batch management system in farrow-to-finish pig herds Abstract: Sow batch management systems have become more popular due to advantages in labour planning, piglet batch sizes, all-in all-out practices and health management. The present study investigated the potential health advantages of 10 selected farrow-to-finish pig herds before and after transition from a one week batch management system to a four or five week batch management system. Five different animal categories (gilts, sows, piglets, growers and finishers) were sampled at three time points (T0, T1 and T2) before and after transition to a four or five week batch management system. Different matrices of the animals were collected: blood, nasal swabs and faeces. Several economically important diseases were monitored through serology: Lawsonia intracellularis, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; and PCR-testing: Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) and Brachyspira species, especially the major pathogenic Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Following serological analysis, the percentage of positive animals per category and sampling occasion were calculated. Health improvement based on serology was defined as the reduction in the percentage of positive animals for a specific disease in a specified animal category. All samples were negative for P. multocida DNT and B. hyodysenteriae. Little to no improvement could be observed for PRRSv. For L. intracellularis an improvement could be observed in piglets (71%) and growers (56%; P < 0.05). For both of the respiratory pathogens, M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae, significant improvement was observed in finishers (34 and 24%, respectively). In growers, only M. hyopneumoniae showed a significant improvement (34%). In conclusion, the transition from a one week batch management system to a four or five week batch management system in the present herds resulted in a reduction of the percentage of seropositive animals for three of the monitored economically important diseases: L. intracellularis, M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae. Keywords: health status, monitoring, farrow-to-finish pig herds, group management Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 83-91 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5254-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5254-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201202-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:2:id:5254-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Stanimirovic Author-Workplace-Name: Resinex FAC d.o.o., Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: B. Petrujkic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: N. Delic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Animal Husbandry, Zemun, Serbia Author-Name: N. Djelic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: J. Stevanovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia Author-Name: Z. Stanimirovic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia Title: Dietary conjugated linoleic acid influences the content of stearinic acid in porcine adipose tissu Abstract: The present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of supplementation of a growing-finishing pig diet with 0.5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on production characteristics and slaughter traits. Ninety-seven female Swedish Landrace pigs were used. The control group of animals was fed a regular diet (n = 49), while the experimental group of animals (n = 48) received a diet where part of the soybean oil was substituted with commercially enriched CLA oil (containing at least 56% of CLA isomers, 28% cis-9, trans-11 and 28% trans-10, cis-12). The experiment lasted 44 days; porkers were fed from an initial weight of 66.0 up until a final weight of 103.5 kg. Feed conversion ratio, carcass and ham weight, percentage of lean meat and subcutaneous fat tissue as well as intramuscular fat were recorded. The fatty acid content of ham intramuscular fat tissue was determined by HPLC. No statistically significant influence of CLA was observed, either on carcass and ham weight, or on fat percentage in subcutaneous and intramuscular tissue. Dietary CLA enrichment proved to increase the content of stearinic acid in intramuscular fat tissue, 17.29 ± 13.26 % in experimental and 15.87 ± 33.71 % in control group of pigs (P < 0.01). The obtained production results show no statistically significant changes in main production traits between the two groups of animals. The observed difference in the content of stearinic acid (P < 0.01) implies firmer fat tissue, which has a practical value in pig bacon fattening. Keywords: swine, conjugated linoleic acid, fat tissue, lean meat Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 92-100 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5255-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5255-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201202-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:2:id:5255-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kasny Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Beran Author-Workplace-Name: Administration of the Kokorinsko Protected Landscape Area, Melnik, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Siegelova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Siegel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Leontovyc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Berankova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Pankrac Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kostakova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Horak Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Geographical distribution of the giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) in the Czech Republic and potential risk of its further spread Abstract: The giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, is of interest to wild-life managers, veterinarians and researchers, due to its unusual body size (3-10 cm), high pathogenic potential and because it is continuously spreading to new areas, especially in Europe. Annually, the number of cases of animal infections (mainly cervids and bovids) caused by this fluke is monitored in many European countries, including the Czech Republic (with some foci of prevalence over 90%). During the years 2009 and 2010, 1622 survey forms focused on monitoring of fascioloidosis were distributed in the community of "Czech Inspectors of Hunted Game" (CIHG), and 21.3% of forms containing positive or negative response about F. magna occurrence were returned. The administrative units monitored by particular CIHG, who answered the forms, were geographically equally distributed and therefore we believe that also the recorded distribution of F. magna in wild-life animals reflects the real situation in the Czech Republic. A significant number of cases of F. magna infection were repeatedly reported from areas in the south-west part of the Czech Republic. Moreover, our report contains also some unique records of several new F. magna foci in the western (close to the German border), northern (close to the Polish border) and central parts of the Czech Republic, supporting the assumption that the parasite is spreading further throughout Europe. In five game administrative units F. magna infection was directly confirmed by examination of dissected deer livers or by microscopic examination of coprological samples, followed by isolation of DNA from adults and eggs and further molecular analyses. Fascioloides magna intermediate host snails (Galba truncatula and Radix spp.) were collected during 2009 and 2010 from different localities of the Czech Republic, kept in aquaria, examined for shedding of F. magna cercariae, dissected and parasite/snail DNA was isolated. After PCR with specific primers for parasite/snail internal transcribed region number two (ITS-2) the obtained sequences confirmed identification of the following species: F. magna, G. truncatula, R. peregra, R. lagotis, R. labiata and R. auricularia. Although it has been demonstrated that the number of areas with positive cases of fascioloidosis is still growing, the risk of pathogenic impact of F. magna on populations of free-living animals and farming cervids/bovids is generally underestimated. Keywords: diagnostics, emerging diseases, Fascioloides magna, Galba, geographical distribution, Radix, trematodes Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 101-109 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5256-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5256-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201202-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:2:id:5256-VETMED