Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Bukowska Author-Workplace-Name: Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Kempisty Author-Workplace-Name: Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: H. Piotrowska Author-Workplace-Name: Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: R. Walczak Author-Workplace-Name: Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: P. Sniadek Author-Workplace-Name: Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: J. Dziuban Author-Workplace-Name: Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland Author-Name: K.P. Brussow Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: J.M. Jaskowski Author-Workplace-Name: Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Nowicki Author-Workplace-Name: Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: The invasive and new non-invasive methods of mammalian oocyte and embryo quality assessment: a review Abstract: The quality of oocytes-embryos can be determined by several techniques, including morphological, molecular, cellular and biochemical ones. The morphological methods of female gamete or embryo quality assessment often use thе following in vitro manipulation procedures such as: in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro embryo production (IVP). However, these methods are highly subjective and the morphological classification of oocytes or embryos is not always compatible with their ability to grow and develop. Additionally, molecular biology methods are objective and present parametric results, which are more or less comparable to the real oocyte-embryo "health". Although these techniques enable us to determine markers of oocyte-embryo developmental potential, when applied they lead to destruction of the analysed cells. Therefore, the need still exists to search for new methods that will be highly objective (parametric) and, which is most important, non-invasive. In this review, the morphological and molecular methods of oocyte-embryo quality assessment are presented. Moreover, we described a new system based on microfluidic technology (Lab-on-Chip) which allows the creation of a new device for mammalian oocyte as well as embryo quality evaluation: by using their spectral characterisation following embryo transfer (ET) procedures in the cattle and the pig. Keywords: oocyte, embryo, quality, microfluidics Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 169-176 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5913-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5913-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201204-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5913-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Sinko Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Vodnany, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Rajchard Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Balounova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Fikotova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Title: Biologically active substances from water invertebrates: a review Abstract: Some species of invertebrates especially bryozoans (Bryozoa syn. Ectoprocta) and marine sponges (Porifera) are very important sources of pharmacologically exploitable compounds. These substances are probably produced to protect themselves from fish predators and may be an advantage in competition. The real sources of compounds with these antipredatory effects are probably not marine invertebrates themselves, but microscopic symbionts or food which they feed on. Bryostatins from bryozoan species Bugula neritina are produced by a bacterial symbiont called Candidatus Endobugula sertula. They have significant anti-cancer effects, but also other therapeutic benefits. Compounds with the structure of bryostatins were also discovered in some other invertebrates. Sponges are a source of many compounds, e.g., ara-A (vidarabine), manzamine, lasonolides, spongistatins, peloruside and others with antimicrobial, anti-cancer, immunosuppressive and similar activities. Other important sources of compounds with medical effects are tunicates (Tunicata syn. Urochordata) and some snails (Mollusca). One drug was developed from tunicates - Yondelis against refractory soft-tissue sarcomas. Certain other drugs originate from snails: e.g., prialt, which acts against chronic pain in spinal cord injury. Keywords: bioactive substances, antipredatory effect, competition, bryozoan, bryostatin, Bugula neritina, symbiont, marine sponges, isocyano terpenes, tunicates, snails Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 177-184 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5914-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5914-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201204-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5914-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Landa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Pain in domestic animals and how to assess it: a review Abstract: In recent years more attention has been paid to the issue of pain in animals, particularly in association with increasing awareness of animal welfare. It is therefore necessary for veterinarians to be able recognise unambiguously whether an animal suffers from pain. Adult humans suffering from pain can more or less characterise their painful experiences, including the site and intensity of the pain. However, pain in animals is in some aspects more complex and it can be rather difficult to evaluate the seriousness and impact of painful events. Therefore, in animals we have to recognise the signs of pain according to indirect markers which involve behavioural, physiological and finally clinical responses. Moreover, in particular the behavioural changes associated with pain can be along with the general signs also species-specific, and hardly recognisable (and for an inexperienced observer seemingly unimportant) which makes pain assessment even more complicated. Therefore, the current review formulates definitions of pain, its classification and is focused on methods that may facilitate pain recognition in animals, which is crucial for an effective pain assessment and consequent effective pain management. The review combines recent knowledge with well proven facts concerning pain and furthermore also highlights the author's own research on pain assessment. Keywords: painful responses, animal pain, physiology, clinics, behaviour Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 185-192 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5915-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5915-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201204-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5915-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Momtaz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ShahreKord Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahreKord, Iran Author-Name: E. Rahimi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ShahreKord Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahreKord, Iran Author-Name: S. Moshkelani Author-Workplace-Name: Young Researchers Club, ShahreKord Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahreKord, Iran Title: Molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolated from slaughtered commercial chickens in Iran Abstract: This study was carried out to detect the distribution of antibiotic-resistant genes in Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered commercial chickens in Iran by PCR. The investigated genes included aadA1, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, qnrA, aac(3)-IV, sul1, blaSHV, blaCMY, ere(A), catA1 and cmlA. According to biochemical experiments, 57 isolates from 360 chicken meat samples were recognized as E. coli. The distribution of antibiotic-resistance genes in the E. coli isolates included tet(A) and tet(B) (52.63%), dfrA1, qnrA, catA1 and cmlA (36.84%) and sul1 and ere(A) (47.36%), respectively. Nine strains (15.78%) were resistant to a single antimicrobial agent and 11 strains (19.29%) showed resistance to two antimicrobial agents. Multi-resistance which was defined as resistance to three or more tested agents was found in 64.91% of E. coli strains. The results indicate that all isolates harbour one or more of antibiotic resistance genes and that the PCR technique is a fast, practical and appropriate method for determining the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes. Keywords: Escherichia coli, chicken meat, antibiotic-resistance genes, PCR, Iran Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 193-197 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5916-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5916-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201204-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5916-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Punjab, India Author-Name: N.K. Sood Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Punjab, India Title: Pathological and immunohistochemical studies on rare cases of primary extragenital transmissible venereal tumours in the mammary gland Abstract: Transmissible venereal tumours (TVT) are normally seen on the genitalia of both male and female dogs, and at times may be observed on extra-genital sites such as lips, oral mucosa, and peritoneum, or in organs such as the tonsils, eye, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and musculature. The present communication deals with two rare cases of primary extragenital TVT involving the mammary glands of dogs and their pathology and immunohistochemistry. The study indicated that apart from routinely used markers such as vimentin, p53, PCNA, Ki-67 and c-myc, the oncogenes Rb and cyclin D1 proved to be novel markers of TVT in dogs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of extra-genital mammary TVT in canines. Keywords: dogs, extra-genital, immunohistochemistry, mammary gland, primary transmissible venereal tumour Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 198-206 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5917-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5917-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201204-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5917-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Uhrikova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Rehakova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Rauserova-Lexmaulova Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Lojek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Doubek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Total antioxidant capacity in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine total antioxidant capacity in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (GDV) and its correlations with high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and lactate concentrations. Correlation analyses between the measured parameters and disease severity were also performed. Fourteen dogs with GDV and six control dogs were used in this study. Blood was collected at the time of admission and again in the early reperfusion period. To assess antioxidant capacity, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) analysis was performed. No significant difference in TRAP values existed between healthy dogs and dogs with GDV at admission. In the reperfusion period, TRAP values decreased in six dogs and increased in eight dogs. Changes in TRAP values strongly correlated with HMGB1 values (r = -0.83, P < 0.01) in the reperfusion period. Strong correlations between disease severity and TRAP values, HMGB1 and lactate levels were also found. Keywords: total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (GDV), lactate Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 207-211 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5918-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5918-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201204-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5918-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Matlova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Kaevska Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Moravkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Beran Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J.E. Shitaye Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pavlik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Mycobacteria in peat used as a supplement for pigs: failure of different decontamination methods to eliminate the risk Abstract: Peat used as a feed supplement for piglets has favourable dietetic qualities; however, its frequent contamination with potentially pathogenic mycobacteria (PPM) has been shown to pose a potential risk to piglet health. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible ways of devitalising mycobacteria. Examination of 118 samples from various types of commercially available peat (natural peat, packed peat for horticulture and specially processed peat intended for piglet feeding) showed that PPM were present in 84 (71.1%) samples. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (82.1%) was the most frequent mycobacterial isolate. In addition, from a natural locality where peat is mined and stored in large piles for up to four months, mycobacteria were detected in peat samples collected from the surface and from up to 25 cm in depth. We used different physical and chemical procedures for peat decontamination (peracetic acid, formaldehyde, steam, and microwave radiation) in attempting to devitalise the mycobacteria in peat. We found that PPM can be reliably devitalised with 1.0% peracetic acid, or 5.0% formaldehyde. However, under field conditions, when using bulk amounts of peat, none of the above procedures were shown to be suitable. Based on these results, the feeding of peat to piglets is confirmed as a high-risk practice. Keywords: zoonosis, mycobacteriosis, feed safety, Mycobacterium avium complex Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 212-217 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/5924-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5924-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201204-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:4:id:5924-VETMED