Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Jaglic Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Cervinkova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Genetic basis of resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds - the qac genes and their role: a review Abstract: Although the qac genes are named after one of their main substrates (i.e., quaternary ammonium compounds), these genes also code for resistance to a broad spectrum of other cationic compounds such as intercalating dyes, diamidines and biguanides. The various Qac proteins are involved in relatively low specific efflux-based multidrug pumps and belong to a family of small multidrug resistance proteins. Even though the practical significance of qac-mediated resistance lies mainly in resistance to antiseptics, contradictory findings on this issue are still reported. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on qac-mediated resistance with special emphasis on resistance to antiseptics and its relevance for practice. Keywords: antimicrobial, disinfectant, biocide, benzalkonium, chlorhexidine, cation, susceptibility Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 275-281 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6013-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6013-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6013-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Skoczylas Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: W. Brudnicki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: W. Nowicki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: K. Kirkillo-Stacewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: R. Jablonski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author-Name: J. Wach Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland Title: The cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery in the otter (Lutra lutra) Abstract: The cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery in the otter were described using 60 hemispheres. It was demonstrated that the artery is divided into ten permanent branches. Two rhinal arteries supply the region of the brain located on the border between the old and the archicortex and the neocortex. The other eight branches are divided into three branches running towards the frontal lobe, two branches - to the region of the parietal lobe and three temporal branches which supply blood to the neocortex only. The frontal, parietal and temporal branches descended independently from the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery or first formed a common trunk. Common trunks for specific groups of bifurcations were described as the middle cerebral artery (anterior, superior and posterior). Keywords: cerebral arteries, otter Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 282-286 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6014-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6014-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6014-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.S. Durmus Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: M. Yaman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Author-Name: H.N. Can Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey Title: Effects of extractum cepae, heparin, allantoin gel and silver sulfadiazine on burn wound healing: an experimental study in a rat model Abstract: These experiments were conducted in order to compare the effects of extractum cepae, heparin, allantoin gel (CTBX) and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream on burn wound healing in rats. Thirty six adult, female Wistar albino rats were divided into three equal groups. A burn was made on the back of all rats. The burned areas in the first, second and third groups were covered with cold cream (control), SSD skin cream and CTBX twice a day, respectively. Seven and 14 days later, the rats were sacrificed and burned skin tissue samples were collected from the rats for histopathological examinations. Histopatological evaluations on the 7th and 14th days showed burn healing to be better in the CTBX and SSD groups with respect to the control group. The best burn wound healing was observed in the CTBX group (P < 0.001). Wound healing was significantly different between the groups at days 7 and 14 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, application of CTBX has significant positive effects on the healing of burn wounds in a rat model. Keywords: Extractum cepae, heparin, allantoin, silver sulfadiazine, burn, rat Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 287-292 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6015-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6015-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6015-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Wieczorek Author-Workplace-Name: National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland Author-Name: R. Szewczyk Author-Workplace-Name: National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland Author-Name: J. Osek Author-Workplace-Name: National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland Title: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from retail raw meat in Poland Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the presence of Campylobacter spp. in meat sold to consumers at a retail market in Poland. Antimicrobial resistance and the presence of putative virulence genes of the isolates were also examined. A total of 558 meat samples, including beef (n = 105), pork (n = 85), and poultry (n = 368) were collected over an almost three year study period. It was found that 321 samples, all of them originating from poultry, were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Most of the obtained isolates were classified as C. coli (189 strains, 58.9%), whereas C. jejuni was identified in 132 (41.1%) samples. All Campylobacter strains were susceptible to gentamicin and all but one C. coli isolate to erythromycin. On the other hand, the highest level of resistance among Campylobacter tested was to ciprofloxacin (91% for C. jejuni and 86.1% for C. coli) and nalidixic acid (89.3% for C. jejuni and 85% for C. coli). Furthermore, resistance to two or more classes of antibiotics was found in the majority (60.9%) of Campylobacter spp. and among them one C. coli strain showed resistance to four different classes of antimicrobials. Identification of virulence genes in the isolated Campylobacter showed that all of them had the flaA and cadF genes. The iam marker was found more often in C. coli strains (88.8%) compared to C. jejuni isolates (53.8%). On the other hand, the virB11 gene was identified only in 4.2% of C. coli and in 6.1% of C. jejuni strains, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of the cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes among C. jejuni strains was 97.7%, 93.2%, 96.2%, respectively, and was significantly higher than for C. coli regarding the cdtC (66.7%) gene. The obtained results showed that the presence of Campylobacter in retail meat may represent a threat to public health. Keywords: Campylobacter spp., retail meat, antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 293-299 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6016-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6016-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6016-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Verbrugghe Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: G.P.J. Janssens Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium Author-Name: M. Hesta Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium Title: Palatability of different concentrations of a liquid nutritional supplement in healthy cats and dogs of different ages and breeds Abstract: Hypo- and anorexia are the most commonly presented complaints for many diseases in veterinary medicine, leading to malnutrition, immunosuppression, compromised wound healing and altered drug metabolism. Stimulating appetite and palatability are therefore important factors in managing anorectic pets. The palatability of a liquid nutritional supplement for cats (LNScat) and dogs (LNSdog), which can be added to the diet as appetite stimulant, was evaluated in healthy pets. In total, 60 cats and 60 dogs of different ages and breeds were included in the study. Acceptance tests were performed using LNS with a concentration of 100% (LNS100) and preferences of water and three different concentrations of LNS (LNS50, LNS70, LNS100) were tested using a traditional two-pan preference test. Acceptance tests with LNS100 showed that cats and dogs generally accepted LNS very well. In dogs, a weak positive correlation existed between acceptance and age, whereas in cats no correlation with age was observed. Furthermore, preference tests showed a clear preference for LNS, regardless of dilution (LNS50, LNS70 and LNS100), when compared to water. In cats, LNS100 was generally better accepted than LNS50 and LNS70. Dogs preferred LNS70 and LNS100 to LNS50. The present study demonstrated that LNS is highly palatable for healthy dogs and cats. If future research confirms that LNS is also highly palatable for ill and hospitalised patients and stimulates appetite in a hospital setting, a practical tool to improve moisture and nutrient intake in patients with hypo- or anorexia will become available. Keywords: acceptance test, cat, dog, liquid supplement, traditional two-pan preference test Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 300-307 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6017-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6017-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6017-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Oge Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: S. Oge Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: B. Gonenc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: G. Ozbakis Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: C. Asti Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Title: Coenurosis in the lumbar region of a goat: a case report Abstract: Coenurosis caused by Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, particularly affects sheep and goats. In this case report, two coenurus cysts were detected under the lumbar spinal cord (outside the CNS) in a goat. We first described cysts in the macro- and micro-morphological examination. The cysts were identified as C. cerebralis on the basis of the arrangement of scolices and the number and size of hooks in the scolices. The morphology of the larval cyst was similar to that of T. multiceps: the scolices had four suckers and a rostellum with a double crown of hooks. The hooks and hooklets were 178 and 132 µm in length, respectively. T. gaigeri may be synonymous with T. multiceps. This may reflect a different host response to the parasite in goats. The difficulty of making a species identification in C. cerebralis or C. gaigeri based on their morphology is discussed. Keywords: Taenia multiceps, Coenurus cerebralis, goat, sheep Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 308-313 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6018-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6018-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6018-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Avci Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: R. Yaygingul Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: M. Gultekin Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: E.T. Epikmen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: K. Ural Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: A. Belge Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey Author-Name: S.S. Birincioglu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey Title: Primary intestinal fibrosarcoma caused by intestinal perforation in a dog: a case report Abstract: An 11-year-old male Cocker Spaniel was examined for a palpable abdominal mass located in the jejunum after presenting with a history of anorexia and constipation for several weeks. In a contrast radiogram, a structure with well-defined borders adjacent to the intestine was determined. The intestinal mass, measuring 16 × 9.19 × 8.6 cm and weighing 900 g was surgically removed. At gross examination, when the lumen of a portion of the intestine excised together with the tumour mass was exposed, an ulcerated, oval-shaped area 1.2 × 0.6 cm in size was observed on the mucosa. The outer surface of the tumour was homogenous and expanded outwards from the intestinal wall. Histologically, the tumour was composed of fusiform-elongated spindle-shaped to polygonal neoplastic cells forming interlacing fascicles or interwoven bundles in an atypical herringbone pattern. Immnunohistochemically, neoplastic cells stained intensely positive for vimentin, and negative for α-SMA, desmin, cyotokeratin (AE1/AE3), S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron specific enolase and synaptophsin. On the basis of the histopathological and immunohistochemical results, the tumour was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma. The present report is a very rare description of fibrosarcoma of the dog intestine associated with intestinal perforation. Keywords: dog, fibrosarcoma, intestine, pathology Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 314-319 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6019-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6019-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6019-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Ozmen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Istiklal Yerleskesi, Burdur, Turkey Title: Cholangiocarcinoma in a Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): a case report Abstract: A case of cholangiocarcinoma in a two-year-old Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is reported. The liver was enlarged and numerous white foci were seen in the liver parenchyma. Histopathologically, channels with or without lumens and separated from one another by thin connective tissue septa were observed. Tumour cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin, Ki-67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen. This is the first report of colangiocarcinoma in pheasants. Keywords: cholangiocarcinoma, pheasant, histopathology, immunohistochemistry Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 320-323 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6020-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6020-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201206-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:6:id:6020-VETMED