Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Valliyate Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Affairs, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals India, Juhu, Mumbai, India Author-Name: N.G. Robinson Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, CSU Center for Comparative and Integrative Pain Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Author-Name: J.R. Goodman Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory Investigations, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Washington, DC, USA Title: Current concepts in simulation and other alternatives for veterinary education: a review Abstract: Driven by a combination of pedagogical, ethical and economic factors, the use of simulation technology and other alternatives to traditional training methods has become increasingly common in veterinary education as a means to teach basic and advanced concepts along with technical skills. When paired with well-structured and supervised clinical training on animal patients, these modern methodologies help educators fill gaps left by conventional methods, reduce and replace the consumptive use of live animals, and ultimately result in the graduation of more confident and proficient veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and allied health personnel. This article surveys an array of the simulation methods currently available for veterinary education and how they integrate with and enhance standard curricula. Keywords: instructional methods, animal welfare, curriculum, simulation, alternatives, manikins Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 325-337 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6261-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6261-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6261-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Mota-Rojas Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Stress Physiology and Farm Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture, Mexico D.F., Mexico Author-Name: J. Martinez-Burnes Author-Workplace-Name: Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Postgraduate Division and Research, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico Author-Name: D. Villanueva-Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: Children's Hospital of Mexico "Federico Gomez", Division of Neonatology, Mexico D.F., Mexico Author-Name: P. Roldan-Santiago Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Stress Physiology and Farm Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture, Mexico D.F., Mexico Author-Name: M.E. Trujillo-Ortega Author-Workplace-Name: National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Department of Animal Medicine and Production: Swine, FMVZ, Mexico D.F., Mexico Author-Name: H. Orozco-Gregorio Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Stress Physiology and Farm Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture, Mexico D.F., Mexico Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa, Department of Reproductive Biology, Mexico D.F., Mexico Author-Name: H. Bonilla-Jaime Author-Workplace-Name: Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa, Department of Reproductive Biology, Mexico D.F., Mexico Author-Name: A. Lopez-Mayagoitia Author-Workplace-Name: Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada Title: Animal welfare in the newborn piglet: a review Abstract: The objective of this review is to integrate clinical findings and laboratory analyses in such a way to improve the welfare of newborn piglets and achieve better prognoses of neonatal viability. Deaths during the intrapartum period account for a significant proportion of pre-weaning mortality in farms worldwide. Piglets which die during parturition generally have normal size and typically lack gross lesions at post-mortem examination. However, circulatory abnormalities in the umbilical cord help in assessing piglet viability. Cord lesions can be classified as normal (adhered), oedematous, congested or haemorrhagic and should always be evaluated in perinatal deaths. The likelihood of neonatal survival decreases rapidly as the severity of umbilical cord lesions increase. The physiometabolic blood profile which includes acid-base balance, degree of dehydration, mineral balance, metabolic expenditure and gas exchange are also useful clinical elements for properly assessing neonatal viability. Neonatal survival is notably reduced when the blood pH falls below 7.0, lactate rises above 90 mg/dl, bicarbonate drops below 10 mmol/l, or the pCO2 increases above 110 mm/Hg. Blood calcium is also an excellent indicator of neonatal stress when used in combination with the other parameters mentioned above. Trembling due to an imbalance in the movement of calcium in muscle is also a factor involved in neonatal mortality. Neurological function in the newborn piglet could also be evaluated by adapting the Apgar score widely used in human perinatology. Neonates with scores lower than 6 in a 10 point scale have generally lower survival rates. The two most important indicators for this vitality score are breathing latency and bradycardia. If the neonate has apnoea for more than 5 min and the cardiac frequency does not increase to more than 110 beats per minute the prognosis for survival is rather poor. Keywords: umbilical cord, neuronal damage, asphyxia, physiological profile, piglet viability Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 338-349 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6262-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6262-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6262-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Wozna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: B. Kempisty Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: H. Piotrowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: J. Dorszewska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: D. Bukowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Nowicki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: The immunological, biochemical and molecular bases of canine senescence and carcinogenesis: a review Abstract: Senescence is a complex set of processes involving several biochemical, molecular and metabolomic changes, including also many disturbances in the immunological system. There are many factors, described as intrinsic and extrinsic (environmental), that may lead to advanced body senescence. In this review, several of the biochemical as well as molecular factors involved in senescence are described. The importance of immunological deficiencies as well as changes in the immunological response after induction of senescence is also highlighted. Furthermore, the molecular basis of canine carcinogenesis in relation to interleukin expression and activation as well as the role of CD leukocyte common antigen in the identification of cancer development and progression, are also described. Keywords: senescence, carcinogenesis, canine Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 350-359 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6263-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6263-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6263-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Prieto Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: M. Barrio Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: L.A. Quintela Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: C.C. Perez-marin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Spain Author-Name: J.J. Becerra Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: M. Vigo Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: C. Diaz Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: J. Cainzos Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: A. Prieto Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Author-Name: F.I. Fernandez Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Embryo transfer (FEFRIGA), Bos, A coruna, Spain Author-Name: D. Martinez Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Embryo transfer (FEFRIGA), Bos, A coruna, Spain Author-Name: P.G. Herradon Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain Title: Validation of a simple method for the interpretation of uterine cytology in cows Abstract: One of the main drawbacks of using endometrial cytology in cows is the time required for sample collection and interpretation. It is recommended to count a large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and to calculate their overall percentage. However, since counting a large number of cells is a laborious method, it would be preferable to simplify the analysis by counting the number of PMN in few microscopic fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a simple test, based on calculating the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×, could be a reliable technique for the diagnosis of endometritis. Two hundred and sixty endometrial samples were taken from Holstein cows at different postpartum stages using an adapted cytobrush. Smears obtained were air-dried for fixing and stained with a Romanowsky-type procedure. To evaluate the counting method, the percentage of PMN in 150 cells was calculated as well as the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was constructed to evaluate both methods, the percentage of PMN (used as reference) and the average number of PMN. It was observed that the area under the curve is (regardless of cut-off used) higher than 0.99 and the correspondence between both methods were 1.58 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 15% and 2.40 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 20%. These results show that this simple method could be used to determine the percentage of PMN in endometrial cytological samples and to diagnose endometritis in cows. Keywords: subclinical endometritis, dairy cattle, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, ROC curves Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 360-363 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6264-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6264-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6264-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Landa Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Slais Author-Workplace-Name: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Sulcova Author-Workplace-Name: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of felbamate on behavioural sensitization to methamphetamine in mice Abstract: It has been shown that methamphetamine (Met) similary to other psychostimulants induces a progressive augmentation of behavioural responses after repeated administration, so called behavioural sensitisation. Numerous studies refer to an important role for N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the development of behavioural sensitisation. Activating antiepileptic drugs of the newer second generation, such as felbamate (Fel), also invoke psychotropic effects. They may possess attention-enhancing and antidepressant activity, causing anxiety, insomnia, and agitation. Although not all pharmacological effects of felbamate are fully elucidated yet, many of its clinical effects may be related to the inhibition of NMDA currents. Thus, the present study was focused on investigating the influence of felbamate on sensitisation to the effects of methamphetamine on mouse locomotor behaviour in the Open field test. Mice of the albino out-bred strain ICR were randomly allocated into four groups and were administered drugs seven times (from the 7th to 13th day of the experiment) as follows: (a) n1, 2: 2.5 mg/kg/day of Met; (b) n3: 240 mg/kg/day of Fel; (c) n4: Met + Fel. Locomotion in the Open field test was measured (a) after administration of vehicle on the 1st experimental day, (b) after the first dose of drugs given on the 7th day, and (c) on the 14th day after the "challenge doses" given that way (as follows): n1: Met; n2: Met + Fel, n3: Fel; n4: Met. The following significant behavioural changes were observed: (1) stimulatory influence of Met and sensitisation after repeated treatment (n1); (2) inhibition of Met sensitisation in the case of a challenge dose combined with Fel (n2); (3) augmentation of the sensitising effect of Met when sensitisation was induced by pre-treatment with Met + Fel (n4); (4) no behavioural effect of the first dose of Fel, but inhibition of locomotion after repeated administration of the drug (n3). The prevention of the development of Met sensitization in the group n2 in which mice received the Met challenge dose with Fel mirrors the results of a majority of similar studies. Most findings are consistent with inhibitory effects of antagonists of the NMDA receptors on the development of sensitisation to amphetamines; nevertheless, also new findings are reported. In the presented paper, combined pre-treatment with Met + Fel in the group n4 facilitated the development of sensitisation to Met stimulatory effects. Keywords: behavioural sensitisation, methamphetamine, felbamate, NMDA receptor antagonist, mice Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 364-370 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6265-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6265-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6265-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.K. Sood Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Author-Name: B.S. Sandhu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Author-Name: K. Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Author-Name: D. Narang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Author-Name: K. Vasudeva Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Author-Name: N.D. Singh Author-Workplace-Name: College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Title: Mesenteric caseous lymphadenitis in a cow calf caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: a case report Abstract: Caseous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is mainly a disease of sheep and goats and is of zoonotic importance. The disease has rarely been recorded in cattle and mostly in its superficial form. The present communication deals with an extremely rare case of corynebacterium-induced mesenteric pseudotuberculosis in a cow calf. The gross, cytologic, histopathologic and microbial isolation as well as cultural characteristics of the organisms have been described, as well as the mode of spread of the disease to the mesenteric lymph nodes. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of mesenteric caseous lymphadenitis in a cow calf. Keywords: caseous lymphadenitis, cow calf, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, mesenteric, tape worms, CAMP Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 371-3675 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6266-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6266-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6266-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Abouelnasr Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Author-Name: M. Ishii Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: H. Inokuma Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: Y. Kobayashi Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: K. Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Author-Name: K. Yamada Author-Workplace-Name: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Title: Atresia coli in a Japanese black calf diagnosed by a barium sulphate enema contrast radiograph in the standing position: a case report Abstract: A three day-old Japanese black calf was admitted with a history of abdominal distension and absence of defecation. Dilated loops of the small intestine and hypoplasia of the colon and rectum was observed upon a contrast radiographic examination in the standing position. At necropsy atresia coli with undeveloped rectum and patent anal opening was found. We conclude that a contrast radiograph in the standing position is useful for diagnosing atresia coli in such cases. Keywords: atresia coli, contrasts radiography, enema, Japanese black calf, standing position Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 376-379 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6267-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6267-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6267-VETMED Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kralova-Kovarikova Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Husnik Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Honzak Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kohout Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Fictum Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Faculty, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infections in three dogs: a case report Abstract: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated from three dogs with lower urinary tract disorders. The bacterium was cultured from bladder wall biopsy specimens obtained during cystoscopy, whereas urine culture was negative in all cases. The culture of biopsy specimens is useful and may help with the therapy even if diagnosis of the primary disease has been made. Keywords: cystitis, cystoscopy, Pseudomonas sp Journal: Veterinární medicína Pages: 380-383 Volume: 57 Issue: 7 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/6268-VETMED File-URL: http://vetmed.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6268-VETMED.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/vet-201207-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlvet:v:57:y:2012:i:7:id:6268-VETMED